--- title: 'Civil War propaganda: 1860 and 1864 election prints' url: https://propagandaarchive.org/civil-war-propaganda/ description: 'Civil War propaganda in the archive: 1860 and 1864 election banners and cartoons from Northern publishers. No Confederate-issued items are held.' section: FRAME --- ![Illustration: a dossier collage of an evidence wall of pinned propaganda posters, leaflets and printed matter from many eras, with contact sheets and catalog labels.](https://propagandaarchive.org/static/generated/hero-collection.jpg) Collection # Civil War propaganda: 1860 and 1864 election prints Civil War propaganda in the archive: 1860 and 1864 election banners and cartoons from Northern publishers. No Confederate-issued items are held. 1. [Home](https://propagandaarchive.org/) 2. [Collection](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/) 3. [American propaganda posters: US examples by technique](https://propagandaarchive.org/american-propaganda-posters/) 4. Civil War propaganda [![Campaign flag banner, "For President John Bell. For Vice President Edward Everett" (H. C. Howard, 1860)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/bell-everett-flag-banner-howard-1860-640.jpg)Campaign flag banner, "For President John Bell. For Vice President Edward Everett" (H. C. Howard, 1860)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/bell-everett-flag-banner-howard-1860/) [![Campaign envelope: Stephen A. Douglas and H. V. Johnson, with "I stand for the rights of the whole people" (S. Raynor, 1860)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/douglas-johnson-raynor-envelope-1860-640.jpg)Campaign envelope: Stephen A. Douglas and H. V. Johnson, with "I stand for the rights of the whole people" (S. Raynor, 1860)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/douglas-johnson-raynor-envelope-1860/) [![Grand National Democratic banner. Peace! Union! and victory!](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/grand-national-democratic-banner-1864-640.jpg)Grand National Democratic banner. Peace! Union! and victory!](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/grand-national-democratic-banner-1864/) [![M'Clellan campaign songs, no. 1: Forward march for Little Mac; Little Mac and Pendleton; The head of the nation McClellan shall be; Little Mac is on de track](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/mcclellan-campaign-songs-pond-1864-640.jpg)M'Clellan campaign songs, no. 1: Forward march for Little Mac; Little Mac and Pendleton; The head of the nation McClellan shall be; Little Mac is on de track](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/mcclellan-campaign-songs-pond-1864/) [![Union and liberty! And union and slavery!](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/union-and-liberty-1864.jpg)Union and liberty! And union and slavery!](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/union-and-liberty-1864/) [![This Is a White Man's Government](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/white-mans-government-nast-harpers-weekly-1868-640.jpg)This Is a White Man's Government](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/white-mans-government-nast-harpers-weekly-1868/) > **Content note.** Several prints on this page use racial caricature of Black Americans, ethnic caricature of Irish Americans, dialect speech and a racial slur, and one shows a severed head. They were issued by Northern publishers in the 1860s and are shown as printed. Showing a print is not endorsing it. [What Civil War propaganda does this archive hold?](https://propagandaarchive.org/civil-war-propaganda/#what-civil-war-propaganda-does-this-archive-hold) [What is missing from this page?](https://propagandaarchive.org/civil-war-propaganda/#what-is-missing-from-this-page) [How did the 1860 campaigns use the flag?](https://propagandaarchive.org/civil-war-propaganda/#how-did-the-1860-campaigns-use-the-flag) [What did Lincoln and McClellan's sides print in 1864?](https://propagandaarchive.org/civil-war-propaganda/#what-did-lincoln-and-mcclellan-s-sides-print-in-1864) [What did the Democratic side print against Lincoln?](https://propagandaarchive.org/civil-war-propaganda/#what-did-the-democratic-side-print-against-lincoln) [What do the Reconstruction prints add?](https://propagandaarchive.org/civil-war-propaganda/#what-do-the-reconstruction-prints-add) ## What Civil War propaganda does this archive hold? The archive holds Northern election prints from the Civil War years: banners, cartoons, a songbook cover and an envelope from the 1860 and 1864 presidential campaigns. It holds no Confederate-issued posters, broadsides or leaflets. Every item below was published in the United States by Northern printers for Republican, Democratic or Constitutional Union candidates. Explain moreShow less That is a gap in the collection, not a finding about the Confederacy. Where Confederate figures appear here, such as Jefferson Davis, they are drawn by Union-side artists (see "What is missing" below). The same questions are asked of every item on this page ([how FRAME defines propaganda](https://propagandaarchive.org/about/working-definition/)): who issued it, who it was for, what it asked, and which technique carried the ask. For the wider American record see [American propaganda posters](https://propagandaarchive.org/american-propaganda-posters/) and [propaganda posters](https://propagandaarchive.org/propaganda-posters/). ## What is missing from this page? Three things are not held, and the page does not fill them in by implication. Explain moreShow less - **Confederate-issued material.** A search of the archive's entries finds four that mention the word "Confederate". All are Northern or later items, and none was issued by the Confederate government or a Confederate publisher. Two are the 1864 and 1868 prints discussed below; the others are an 1868 pro-Grant Currier & Ives cartoon that shows Confederate officers and a 1943 Office of War Information poster about Robert Smalls. - **Leaflets.** No handbill or leaflet from 1856 to 1868 is held. The nearest items are a campaign envelope and the cover of a Democratic songbook. - **A balanced count.** The 1864 election entry in this archive records that most of the pictorial cartoons held attack the Democratic ticket. That reflects what was catalogued, not a count of what each side printed. Confederate material exists in public collections. The Library of Congress [Confederate States of America Records](https://www.loc.gov/collections/confederate-states-of-america-records/about-this-collection/) hold mostly official papers from 1861 to 1865, such as War Department orders, presidential proclamations, congressional acts and bonds. Its [Civil War Maps collection](https://www.loc.gov/collections/civil-war-maps/about-this-collection/) includes the 341 Hotchkiss manuscript maps and some Confederate imprints, though most of that collection was made by Federal forces or Northern firms. Its [Printed Ephemera collection](https://www.loc.gov/collections/broadsides-and-other-printed-ephemera/about-this-collection/) holds more than 28,000 broadsides and other ephemera, but its overview page does not say how many are Confederate. ## How did the 1860 campaigns use the flag? The 1860 contest had four tickets: Lincoln (Republican), Douglas (Northern Democratic), Breckinridge (Southern Democratic) and Bell (Constitutional Union). The [1860 election page](https://propagandaarchive.org/elections/us-presidential/1860/) lists them all. The Library of Congress holds near-identical flag banners printed by H. C. Howard of Philadelphia for all four, and the archive holds all four, plus a W. H. Rease banner and a cartoon. ![Campaign flag banner for Abram Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin: a 33-star flag with a bust of Lincoln in the blue canton](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/lincoln-hamlin-flag-banner-howard-1860.jpg) ![Bell and Everett flag banner: the same 33-star flag pattern with a bust of Bell in the canton](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/bell-everett-flag-banner-howard-1860.jpg) ![Proof for a Breckinridge and Lane flag banner: a reversed 33-star flag pattern with printed description](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/breckinridge-lane-flag-banner-proof-howard-1860.jpg) ![Flag banner specimen for Stephen A. Douglas and Herschel V. Johnson: a reversed flag pattern with overprinted text](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/douglas-johnson-flag-banner-proof-howard-1860.jpg) ![The Union must and shall be preserved: oval portraits of Lincoln and Hamlin in twig frames, with an eagle and flags](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/lincoln-hamlin-rease-union-must-be-preserved-1860.jpg) ![The undecided political prize fight: Douglas and Lincoln as boxers before the White House, each with a second](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/breckinridge-undecided-political-prize-fight-1860.jpg) Explain moreShow less H. C. Howard printed this cloth flag for the Republican ticket, deposited for copyright on 17 June 1860. The ticket's names run across the stripes, and the printer spelled Lincoln's first name "Abram" to fit the design, according to the Library's caption. The flag itself carries the party. [Read the technique: transfer](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/transfer/). The same printer made the same flag for the Constitutional Union ticket, deposited on 8 June 1860. [Read the technique: transfer](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/transfer/). The Southern Democratic ticket's banner survives here only as a paper proof, deposited on 12 July 1860, with an overprinted line describing a portrait that this specimen does not show. The tell is again the flag as carrier. [Read the technique: transfer](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/transfer/). The Northern Democratic specimen is a reversed, overprinted version of the Breckinridge proof, deposited the same day. Douglas had been nominated at Baltimore in June 1860. [Read the technique: transfer](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/transfer/). W. H. Rease's Republican banner mixes a virtue-word slogan, "The Union must and shall be preserved", with specific policy lines: "Free Speech, Free Homes, Free Territory" and "Protection to American Industry". The Library says Rease made a similar banner for the Bell-Everett ticket. [Read the technique: glittering generalities](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/glittering-generalities/). This anonymous 1860 print is pro-Breckinridge, according to the Library's summary. Douglas and Lincoln box while Breckinridge, per the Library, thumbs his nose behind them. Douglas has an Irish second and Lincoln a kneeling Black man with a basket of bottles. Pairing each rival with a caricatured group tries to attach contempt for the group to the candidate. [Read the technique: name-calling](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/name-calling/). ## What did Lincoln and McClellan's sides print in 1864? The [1864 election page](https://propagandaarchive.org/elections/us-presidential/1864/) quotes the platforms. The Republican (National Union) platform rejected any peace "except such as may be based upon an unconditional surrender". The Democratic platform, adopted at Chicago, called for "immediate efforts" toward "a cessation of hostilities, with a view of an ultimate convention of the States". Lincoln won 212 electoral votes to 21. ![Grand national union banner for 1864: portrait roundels of Lincoln and Johnson, a Temple of Liberty, flags and an eagle](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/grand-national-union-banner-1864.jpg) ![Grand National Democratic banner: McClellan and Pendleton in oak-leaf roundels, flags, an eagle and a harbour scene](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/grand-national-democratic-banner-1864.jpg) ![The Chicago platform: a portrait of McClellan surrounded by vignettes of bloodhounds, a slave auction, soldiers at a polling place and Union graves](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/lincoln-chicago-platform-1864.jpg) ![The Chicago platform and candidate: a two-faced McClellan on a rickety platform held up by a devil, Jefferson Davis, Fernando Wood and Clement Vallandigham](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/chicago-platform-candidate-1864.jpg) ![Little Mac's double feat of equitation: McClellan straddles two horses marked Letter of Acceptance and Chicago Platform in a circus ring](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/little-macs-feat-1864.jpg) ![Democracy 1832 1864: Andrew Jackson faces Calhoun on the left, McClellan and Pendleton kneel before Jefferson Davis on the right](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/democracy-1864.jpg) ![Union and liberty! And union and slavery!: a wood-engraving of the election as a choice between two Unions](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/union-and-liberty-1864.jpg) Explain moreShow less Currier & Ives published a banner for each side from nearly the same design. The Lincoln-Johnson banner is titled "Liberty, union and victory". The Library notes it promises peace and prosperity to come with re-election. [Read the technique: glittering generalities](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/glittering-generalities/). The McClellan-Pendleton banner is titled "Peace! Union! and victory!" and, per the Library, is almost identical to the Lincoln banner apart from the portraits, two extra flags and the vignette. The same symbols serve both tickets. [Read the technique: glittering generalities](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/glittering-generalities/). The remaining 1864 prints are cartoons, and in this archive they are mostly hostile to McClellan. Thomas Nast signed this broadside, which is laid out like a platform sheet. Each Democratic resolution is paired with a scene, among them the 1863 New York draft riots, that the Library describes as supporting its reverse. The print puts the platform's wording in the opponent's mouth and answers each with a scene chosen to contradict it. [Read the technique: straw man](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/straw-man/). Currier & Ives, probably drawn by Louis Maurer, deposited this for copyright on 3 October 1864. McClellan has two faces, one citing his acceptance letter and one accepting the platform, and Davis lists Confederate losses at Atlanta, Mobile and Weldon Road. The print also caricatures an Irish "Peace Democrat" with a club and uses a racial slur. [Read the technique: name-calling](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/name-calling/). N. Bangs Williams of Providence drew McClellan as a circus rider on two horses while Pendleton, in a dunce cap marked "PEACE!", says "Can't you hold on to both till the 8th of Nov.?". It reduces the Democratic position to a contradiction between the letter and the platform. [Read the technique: false dilemma](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/false-dilemma/). Louis Prang's two-panel print sets Jackson telling Calhoun that "this Union must and shall be preserved" against McClellan and Pendleton kneeling to Davis and asking terms for "a friendly separation". Davis answers by telling them to call back Sherman, Grant, Sheridan and Farragut. The Democratic platform asked for a convention of the states; the print renders it as surrender. [Read the technique: straw man](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/straw-man/). Martin W. Siebert's wood-engraving frames the vote as union with freedom against union with slavery and accuses McClellan Democrats of preferring to keep slavery in order to restore the Union. The choice is binary by design. [Read the technique: false dilemma](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/false-dilemma/). ## What did the Democratic side print against Lincoln? The archive holds fewer Democratic cartoons, and the ones it holds, such as the 1864 prints, use racial caricature of Black people against Republicans. ![Abraham's dream: Lincoln asleep under a star-spangled sheet dreams of Columbia holding a severed head](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/abrahams-dream-1864.jpg) ![The abolition catastrophe: a train labelled Union carries McClellan to the White House while the Republican train lies wrecked on rocks labelled Emancipation and Confiscation](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/abolition-catastrophe-1864.jpg) ![How free ballot is protected: a Black Union soldier blocks a one-legged white veteran from a ballot box while officials look away](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/how-free-ballot-is-protected-1864.jpg) Explain moreShow less Currier & Ives, probably drawn by Louis Maurer, published this in September 1864 against Lincoln. In the dream Columbia kicks Lincoln out of the White House as McClellan walks in; Lincoln flees in the Scotch cap of the 1861 Baltimore story and says "This don't remind me of any joke!!". The print shows a severed Black head. The firm that made the Lincoln banner also made this print. [Read the technique: fear appeal](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/fear-appeal/). G. W. Bromley & Co. of New York published this Democratic print. The Republican train is wrecked beneath a "$400,000,000 public debt", and passenger captions use the label "Miscegenationists" and a racial slur. The Black figures in the wreck are caricatured. [Read the technique: scapegoating](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/scapegoating/). Joseph E. Baker of Boston drew this for the McClellan side. A Black soldier, drawn in dialect caricature, bars a white veteran from casting a McClellan ballot. It charges the Republicans with election corruption and with backing equal rights for Black Americans. [Read the technique: loaded language](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/loaded-language/). ## What do the Reconstruction prints add? These two are not Civil War items. They are from the 1868 campaign, three years after the war, and are included because they show how the war was argued in the next election. Both are Republican, so they do not balance the Democratic prints above; a Democratic 1868 print is outside this page. ![This Is a White Man's Government: three men clasp hands over a Black man lying on the ground, with a school and a building burning behind](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/white-mans-government-nast-harpers-weekly-1868.jpg) ![Leaders of the Democratic Party: four caricatured men, The Rioter Seymour, The Butcher Forrest, The Pirate Semmes, The Hangman Hampton](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/democratic-leaders-nast-1868.jpg) Explain moreShow less Thomas Nast's cartoon ran in Harper's Weekly on 5 September 1868. One figure carries a knife marked "The Lost Cause" and a belt buckle reading "CSA", beside a club marked "A VOTE" and a man holding a roll of money. The caption quotes the Democratic platform on the Reconstruction Acts, calling them "usurpations, and unconstitutional, revolutionary, and void". The image links the party to violence and the Confederacy. [Read the technique: name-calling](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/name-calling/). Nast's four-panel broadside labels Horatio Seymour "The Rioter", Nathan Bedford Forrest "The Butcher", Raphael Semmes "The Pirate" and Wade Hampton "The Hangman", each over extracts from their own speeches or reports. The presidential nominee is set beside Confederate officers by selected quotation. [Read the technique: ad hominem](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/ad-hominem/). ## How does the record compare across sides? Both parties used the same toolkit in these prints: the flag, a portrait roundel, a slogan, and the opponent as a villain. The archive's one matched pair, the 1864 Currier & Ives banners, is nearly identical for the two tickets. On the Union side, the cartoons held attack the Democratic platform as treason or surrender. On the Democratic side, the cartoons held attack emancipation and Black political participation, and the racial caricature in them is direct. These are differences in content, shown as printed, within an archive that holds only Northern publishers. It cannot say how Confederate propaganda compared in scale or method. ## How to read one - **Who issued it?** Printers such as Currier & Ives sold to more than one side. - **What is the ask?** Vote for one ticket, or against another. - **What carries the ask?** The flag, a virtue word, a villain, or a forced choice. - **What is left out?** What the opposing ticket said, beyond a selected quotation. ## Browse Civil War propaganda See the full set below, and the [1856 election page](https://propagandaarchive.org/elections/us-presidential/1856/) for the campaign before the war, the [1868 election page](https://propagandaarchive.org/elections/us-presidential/1868/) for Reconstruction, [propaganda examples](https://propagandaarchive.org/propaganda-examples/) for other periods, and [propaganda leaflets](https://propagandaarchive.org/propaganda-leaflets/) for the leaflet record the Civil War years lack here. ## Civil War era election prints in the collection Showing 28 of 28 objects. [Filter the whole collection](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/). - [Campaign flag banner, "For President John Bell. For Vice President Edward Everett" (H. C. Howard, 1860)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/bell-everett-flag-banner-howard-1860/) (United States · 1860 · Transfer) - ["The Union, the Constitution and the enforcement of the laws. For President, John Bell of Tennessee. For Vice President, Edward Everett of Massachusetts" (W. H. Rease, 1860)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/bell-everett-rease-union-constitution-1860/) (United States · 1860 · Glittering generalities, Transfer) - [Proof for a flag campaign banner for John C. Breckinridge and Joseph Lane (H. C. Howard, 1860)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/breckinridge-lane-flag-banner-proof-howard-1860/) (United States · 1860 · Transfer) - ["The undecided political prize fight" (anonymous, 1860)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/breckinridge-undecided-political-prize-fight-1860/) (United States · 1860 · Transfer, Bandwagon). Content note: Ethnic and racial caricature: an Irish second for Douglas and a kneeling Black man as Lincoln's second, in a pro-Breckinridge satire, shown as published. - [Flag campaign banner for Stephen A. Douglas and Herschel V. Johnson (H. C. Howard, 1860)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/douglas-johnson-flag-banner-proof-howard-1860/) (United States · 1860 · Transfer) - [Campaign envelope: Stephen A. Douglas and H. V. Johnson, with "I stand for the rights of the whole people" (S. Raynor, 1860)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/douglas-johnson-raynor-envelope-1860/) (United States · 1860 · Glittering generalities, Transfer) - [Campaign flag banner, "For President Abram Lincoln. For Vice President Hannibal Hamlin" (H. C. Howard, 1860)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/lincoln-hamlin-flag-banner-howard-1860/) (United States · 1860 · Transfer) - ["The Union must and shall be preserved. For President Abraham Lincoln of Illinois. For Vice President Hannibal Hamlin of Maine" (W. H. Rease, 1860)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/lincoln-hamlin-rease-union-must-be-preserved-1860/) (United States · 1860 · Glittering generalities, Transfer) - [Political caricature. No. 3, The abolition catastrophe. Or the November smash-up](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/abolition-catastrophe-1864/) (United States · 1864 · Bandwagon, Name-calling, Straw man). Content note: 1864 Democratic print using a racial slur. - [Democracy. 1832. 1864.](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/democracy-1864/) (United States · 1864 · Transfer, Name-calling) - [Grand National Democratic banner. Peace! Union! and victory!](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/grand-national-democratic-banner-1864/) (United States · 1864 · Glittering generalities, Transfer) - [Grand national union banner for 1864. Liberty, union and victory](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/grand-national-union-banner-1864/) (United States · 1864 · Glittering generalities, Transfer) - [How free ballot is protected!](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/how-free-ballot-is-protected-1864/) (United States · 1864 · Fear appeal, Card stacking). Content note: 1864 Democratic print with a racist dialect caricature of a Black soldier. - [The Chicago platform](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/lincoln-chicago-platform-1864/) (United States · 1864 · Card stacking, Transfer). Content note: 1864 anti-Democratic cartoon with Black and Irish caricatures in draft-riot and slave-auction scenes. - ['Little Mac.' (from the Democratic presidential campaign songster)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/little-mac-song-sheet-feeks-1864/) (United States · 1864 · Bandwagon, Plain folks) - [Little Mac's double feat of equitation](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/little-macs-feat-1864/) (United States · 1864 · Name-calling, Card stacking) - [M'Clellan campaign songs, no. 1: Forward march for Little Mac; Little Mac and Pendleton; The head of the nation McClellan shall be; Little Mac is on de track](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/mcclellan-campaign-songs-pond-1864/) (United States · 1864 · Bandwagon, Glittering generalities) - [McClellan and Pendleton](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/mcclellan-pendleton-tickets-1864/) (United States · 1864 · Transfer) - [Platforms illustrated](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/platforms-illustrated-1864/) (United States · 1864 · Name-calling, Transfer). Content note: 1864 print with a racial slur in its captions. - [Presidential campaign, 1864. Candidates for President and Vice-President](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/presidential-campaign-1864/) (United States · 1864 · Transfer) - [Grand banner of the radical democracy, for 1864](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/radical-democracy-banner-1864/) (United States · 1864 · Transfer) - [Union and liberty! And union and slavery!](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/union-and-liberty-1864/) (United States · 1864 · Scapegoating, Fear appeal) - [Abraham's dream!--Coming events cast their shadows before](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/abrahams-dream-1864/) (United States · Sep 1864 · Name-calling, Transfer). Content note: 1864 anti-Lincoln print including a severed Black head. - [The Chicago platform and candidate](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/chicago-platform-candidate-1864/) (United States · Oct 1864 · Name-calling, Transfer). Content note: 1864 anti-McClellan print with a racial slur and an Irish caricature. - [Leaders of the Democratic Party: The Rioter Seymour, the Butcher Forrest, the Pirate Semmes, the Hangman Hampton](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/democratic-leaders-nast-1868/) (United States · 1868 · Name-calling, Card stacking, Transfer). Content note: 1868 Republican broadside with violence imagery and a Black victim, naming Democratic figures as a rioter, butcher, pirate and hangman. - [The Great American Tanner](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/great-american-tanner-currier-ives-1868/) (United States · 1868 · Name-calling, Transfer). Content note: 1868 print with a Native American caricature of Tammany. - [Re-construction, or 'a white man's government'](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/reconstruction-white-mans-government-currier-ives-1868/) (United States · 1868 · Semantic hijacking). Content note: 1868 pro-Grant print with a racial slur and dialect in its printed speech. - [This Is a White Man's Government](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/white-mans-government-nast-harpers-weekly-1868/) (United States · 1868 · Fear appeal, Transfer, Card stacking). Content note: 1868 Harper's Weekly cartoon with violence imagery and a Black victim.