--- title: How a tree grows url: https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/how-a-tree-grows-forest-service/ description: 'Forest Service educational chart: a tree drawn in section, labelled crown, trunk and roots, with captions on how sap and food move.' section: Collection --- 1. [Home](https://propagandaarchive.org/) 2. [Collection](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/) 3. How a tree grows [![How a tree grows, 1941 US poster: Forest Service educational chart](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/how-a-tree-grows-forest-service.jpg)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/how-a-tree-grows-forest-service.jpg) # How a tree grows Forest Service educational chart: a tree drawn in section, labelled crown, trunk and roots, with captions on how sap and food move, and below it two cross-sections of logs, one showing growth after thinning and one showing loss of one-fourth of a log after fire. It is mainly informational; the technique is faint, and the closest is card-stacking in the choice of the two examples, which both show thinning as helpful and fire as harmful. ## Propaganda techniques used in this poster [Card stacking](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/card-stacking/) ## Text on the object Original (English) · read from the image, not independently checked ``` HOW A TREE GROWS CROWN Trees increase each year in height and spread of branches by adding on a new growth of twigs. Light and heat are necessary for chemical changes. The leaves prepare the food obtained from the air and the soil and give off moisture by transpiration. The air supplies carbon, the principal food of the tree, which is taken in on the under surface of the leaves. TRUNK Heartwood (inactive) gives strength. Sapwood (xylem) carries sap from root to leaves. Cambium (layer of cells where growth in diameter occurs) builds tissues-wood inside and bark outside. Inner bark (phloem) carries food made in the leaves down to the branches, trunk, and roots. Outer bark protects tree from injuries. The buds, root tips, and cambium layer are the growing parts of the tree. The leaves manufacture food for the growing processes. Water, containing minerals in solution, is absorbed by the roots, carried up through the sapwood to the leaves, and is there combined with carbon from the air to make food. This food is carried by the inner bark to all growing parts of the tree, even down to the root tips. The tree takes in oxygen over its entire surface through breathing pores on leaves, twigs, branches, trunk, and roots. ROOTS HOW THINNING INCREASES GROWTH 35 YEARS BEFORE THINNING 16 YEARS AFTER THINNING HOW FIRE RUINS TIMBER DISEASE AND INSECTS ENTER THROUGH FIRE SCARS DISEASED WOOD INSECT DAMAGE LOSS OF ONE-FOURTH OF LOG RAPID GROWTH 14 YEARS BEFORE FIRE RETARDED GROWTH 13 YEARS AFTER FIRE [scale: INCHES 0 to 14, twice] [emblem: FOREST SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE] [imprint: M-5159 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 8—8601] ``` [← Housewives! Save waste fats for explosives!](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/housewives-save-waste-fats-for-explosives-walter-richards/) [How about it, do we back him up or leave him behind the 8-ball? →](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/how-about-it-behind-the-8-ball-putnam-county/) ## More propaganda examples that use the same techniques - [Fragments of the Abydos king list from Ramesses II's temple, in the British Museum: rows of royal cartouches](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/abydos-king-list-ramesses-ii-temple-british-museum/) (New Kingdom Egypt · 0000 · Card stacking, Transfer) - [Behistun (Bisotun) rock relief and trilingual inscription of Darius I: the king, two attendants and the bound rebel leaders beneath the winged figure of Ahuramazda](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/behistun-relief-darius-and-rebels-521bce/) (Achaemenid Empire · 0000 · Card stacking, Name-calling, Testimonial). Content note: Shows bound captives before the king, and the inscription records the mutilation and public execution of rebel leaders, as the king's own account. - [Tomb of Darius I at Naqsh-e Rustam: the king in relief beside his inscription DNa, c. 490 BCE](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/dna-inscription-darius-i-naqsh-e-rustam-490bce/) (Achaemenid Empire · 0000 · Testimonial, Card stacking) - [Line drawing of the Great Kadesh battle relief on the walls of the Ramesseum, from Breasted's History of Egypt](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/kadesh-relief-ramesseum-breasted-drawing-1275bce/) (New Kingdom Egypt · 0000 · Card stacking, Transfer). Content note: A drawing of an Egyptian royal battle relief showing Hittite soldiers and horses killed and drowned, as the king's monument presented the battle; it is a one-sided image made by the winning side's own account. - [Persepolis, Apadana staircase relief: a figure with an animal from a procession of delegations, early fifth century BCE](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/persepolis-apadana-delegate-relief-500bce/) (Achaemenid Empire · 0000 · Card stacking, Manufactured consensus) - [Alabaster relief, Assyrian troops storming a citadel, from Nineveh (reign of Sennacherib)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/relief-sennacherib-storming-citadel-nineveh-704bce/) (Neo Assyrian Empire · 0000 · Card stacking). Content note: An Assyrian palace relief of troops storming a fortified city, with a file of figures below; Assyrian royal reliefs and texts record killing, mutilation and deportation, shown as carved, with the historical context and scholarly dispute on the regime page. - [Colour lithograph of the Latin text of the Res Gestae Divi Augusti on the wall of the temple of Roma and Augustus at Ancyra, with the heading in large letters (Perrot, Guillaume and Delbet, 1872)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/lithograph-res-gestae-ancyra-heading-0014/) (Roman Empire · 0014 · Card stacking, Glittering generalities) - [Silver denarius of Vespasian, reverse IVDAEA with a trophy of arms and a seated mourning woman](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/denarius-vespasian-judaea-capta-0070/) (Roman Empire · 0070 · Card stacking). Content note: A Roman victory coin showing a mourning female figure as the personification of the conquered province of Judaea after the Roman suppression of the Jewish revolt; shown as struck, with the historical context on the regime page.