--- title: Miniature of Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont, Les Passages d'outremer (BnF Fr. 5594, fol. 19r) url: https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/passages-doutremer-council-of-clermont-colombe-1474/ description: 'A 15th-century miniature of the Council of Clermont: the pope in a tiara sits on a blue throne in a Gothic church before clerics and laymen, with…' section: Collection --- [Collection](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/) **Content note:** Medieval religious imagery and a French text describing alleged killings and captivity of eastern Christians, as used to argue for the First Crusade; the text is shown as written. This object is shown as it was published. [Why](https://propagandaarchive.org/about/#as-it-was) [![Miniature of Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont, Les Passages d'outremer (BnF Fr. 5594, fol. 19r)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/passages-doutremer-council-of-clermont-colombe-1474.jpg)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/passages-doutremer-council-of-clermont-colombe-1474.jpg) # Miniature of Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont, Les Passages d'outremer (BnF Fr. 5594, fol. 19r) A 15th-century miniature of the Council of Clermont: the pope in a tiara sits on a blue throne in a Gothic church before clerics and laymen, with armoured knights and cardinals in the panel below. The French text beneath speaks of eastern Christians held in captivity and of the holy places, so the page pairs the picture of papal authority with the grievance used to argue for the expedition. ## Text on the object Original (Middle French) · read from the image, not independently checked ``` et autres sains lieux la environ. Et les xpiens habitans et demourans. et que les autres par eulx tyrannicquement et inhumainement tuez. Ilz avoient reservez en infelicieuse vie afin que sur eulx en lopprobre du saint nom xpien peussent continuer plus longuement leurs insatiables cruaultez. Et comment ilz les tenoient en trop opprobrieuse captivite et servitute. ou tresgrant deshonneur et opprobre de tous les xpiens. Concluant et monstrant par diverses raisons tres evidentes que le saint peuple xpien ne devoit plus souffrir ne endurer que les saints lieux et ``` English translation (machine translation by Claude, not verified by a fluent reader) ``` and other holy places round about. And the Christians living and dwelling there, and that the others had been killed by them tyrannically and inhumanely. They had kept them in a wretched life so that, to the shame of the holy Christian name, they could continue their insatiable cruelties on them for longer. And how they held them in a most shameful captivity and servitude, to the very great dishonour and shame of all Christians. Concluding and showing by various very evident reasons that the holy Christian people ought no longer to suffer or endure that the holy places and ``` Text block under the miniature. 'xpiens' is the scribal abbreviation for chrestiens; spelling and punctuation are as read, and the reading of 'cruaultez' and of the last line is slightly uncertain. The text continues on the next page. [← Opening page of the Estoire d'Eracles (William of Tyre in French), with the Crucifixion and Pope Urban II preaching the First Crusade in the initial (Walters W.137, fol. 1r)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/eracles-urban-ii-preaching-first-crusade-w137-1275/) [Passional Christi und Antichristi: the emperor kisses the pope's foot (leaf 'Antichristus') →](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/passional-christi-antichristi-emperor-kisses-pope-1521/) ## Using the same techniques - [Behistun (Bisotun) rock relief and trilingual inscription of Darius I: the king, two attendants and the bound rebel leaders beneath the winged figure of Ahuramazda](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/behistun-relief-darius-and-rebels-521bce/) (Achaemenid Empire · 0000 · Card stacking, Name-calling, Testimonial). Content note: Shows bound captives before the king, and the inscription records the mutilation and public execution of rebel leaders, as the king's own account. - [Tomb of Darius I at Naqsh-e Rustam: the king in relief beside his inscription DNa, c. 490 BCE](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/dna-inscription-darius-i-naqsh-e-rustam-490bce/) (Achaemenid Empire · 0000 · Testimonial, Card stacking) - [Seated limestone statue of Hatshepsut as king, with feminine royal titles on the throne, reassembled from fragments broken up at Deir el-Bahri](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/hatshepsut-seated-statue-limestone-met-1458bce/) (New Kingdom Egypt · 0000 · Transfer, Testimonial) - [Bronze sestertius of Gaius (Caligula), reverse S P Q R P P OB CIVES SERVATOS in an oak wreath](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/sestertius-caligula-ob-cives-servatos-0037/) (Roman Empire · 0037 · Testimonial, Transfer) - [Bronze sestertius of Trajan, reverse S P Q R OPTIMO PRINCIPI, S C, the emperor on horseback riding down an enemy](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/sestertius-trajan-optimo-principi-0103/) (Roman Empire · 0103 · Testimonial, Glittering generalities) - [Seljuq gold dinar of Sanjar, dated 493 AH, with the Abbasid caliph named on one face](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/seljuq-gold-dinar-sanjar-caliph-name-1099/) (Great Seljuk Empire · 1099 · Testimonial) - [Estoire d'Eracles page with Bernard of Clairvaux preaching the Second Crusade in the initial (Walters W.137, fol. 180v)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/eracles-bernard-preaching-second-crusade-w137-1275/) (France · 1275 · Testimonial) - [Opening page of the Estoire d'Eracles (William of Tyre in French), with the Crucifixion and Pope Urban II preaching the First Crusade in the initial (Walters W.137, fol. 1r)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/eracles-urban-ii-preaching-first-crusade-w137-1275/) (France · 1275 · Testimonial, Transfer)