--- title: Propaganda guides url: https://propagandaarchive.org/guides/ description: 'All of the archive''s guide pages in one list: propaganda by country, era and medium, with definitions and how to spot it.' section: FRAME --- ![Illustration: a dossier collage of an evidence wall of pinned propaganda posters, leaflets and printed matter from many eras, with contact sheets and catalog labels.](https://propagandaarchive.org/static/generated/hero-collection.jpg) Guides # Propaganda guides All of the archive's guide pages in one list: propaganda by country, era and medium, with definitions and how to spot it. Each links to the original posters and sources. 1. [Home](https://propagandaarchive.org/) 2. [Collection](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/) 3. Propaganda guides: every topic page in the archive ## Nazi Germany - [Nazi propaganda posters: 10 posters and 31 other items from 1933 to 1945](https://propagandaarchive.org/nazi-propaganda-posters/) Ten Nazi propaganda posters and 31 photographs, signs, newspaper pages and other items, 1933 to 1945, with issuer, audience and technique for each. - [Hitler propaganda: Nazi Party images and Allied portrayals](https://propagandaarchive.org/hitler-propaganda/) Hitler propaganda: Nazi Party and state images of him, and Allied and Soviet portrayals, with issuer, date and technique for each. - [Joseph Goebbels: who he was and what the propaganda ministry did](https://propagandaarchive.org/joseph-goebbels/) Who Joseph Goebbels was, the offices he held 1926 to 1945, what the Reich Propaganda Ministry did, and the 'big lie' attribution, with 14 archive images. - [Fascist propaganda in Italy, Spain and Portugal](https://propagandaarchive.org/fascist-propaganda/) Fascist propaganda from Mussolini's Italy, Franco's Spain (both Civil War sides) and Salazar's Portugal: posters, front pages and photographs, sourced. ## Fascist Italy and Spain - [Spanish Civil War propaganda posters](https://propagandaarchive.org/spanish-civil-war-propaganda-posters/) Spanish Civil War propaganda posters and front pages from the Republican, Nationalist and Francoist sides, with sources and rights shown. One standard. ## Soviet Union and Russia - [Soviet and Russian propaganda posters by technique](https://propagandaarchive.org/soviet-propaganda-posters/) Soviet and Russian propaganda posters from 1917 to 2022, tagged by technique, with issuer, source and rights shown. Same method for every side. - [Stalin propaganda: posters, leaflets and cartoons for and against](https://propagandaarchive.org/stalin-propaganda/) Stalin propaganda in the collection: Soviet cult-of-personality posters, scapegoating sheets, and Finnish, US and Slovak sheets against him, with sources. - [Communist propaganda in the collection, by country and technique](https://propagandaarchive.org/communist-propaganda/) Communist propaganda from the USSR, China, North Korea, East Germany and Cuba: Stalin-era sheets, Cold War items, techniques and sources shown. - [Russian propaganda from the Empire to the present](https://propagandaarchive.org/russian-propaganda/) Russian propaganda from 1914 to 2023: war loans, Soviet posters and broadcasts, MH17, the IRA and 2022 war posters, tagged by technique, sources shown. - [Agitprop: meaning, origin and later use](https://propagandaarchive.org/types-of-propaganda/agitprop/) Agitprop explained: Plekhanov and Lenin, the 1920 Soviet agitation department, agit-trains and ROSTA windows, and later political theatre. ## China - [Chinese propaganda posters, 1936 to 2021](https://propagandaarchive.org/chinese-propaganda-posters/) Chinese propaganda posters from the Republic and the People's Republic, 1936 to 2021, with Cultural Revolution-era sheets tagged by technique and sourced. ## Korea - [North Korean propaganda: Juche, songun and the leader cult](https://propagandaarchive.org/north-korea-propaganda/) North Korean state propaganda and Korean War leaflets: Juche, songun and leader-cult murals, newspapers and broadcasts, plus UN Command messages. - [Korean War propaganda: posters and leaflets from both sides](https://propagandaarchive.org/korean-war-propaganda/) Korean War propaganda posters and leaflets from the UN Command, North Korea and China, with the germ-warfare charge and US rebuttal, sourced. - [Propaganda leaflets: examples by technique and issuer](https://propagandaarchive.org/propaganda-leaflets/) Propaganda leaflets from 1828 to 2003, dropped on armies or handed to voters, from many issuers, tagged by technique, with source and rights shown. ## Cuba - [Cuban propaganda posters, cartoons and broadcasts, 1896 to 2026](https://propagandaarchive.org/cuban-propaganda-posters/) Cuban propaganda from every side: 1890s war cartoons, the Platt Amendment era, 1959 revolution items and Radio Marti, with sources and rights shown. - [Cold War radio propaganda: stations and sources](https://propagandaarchive.org/cold-war-radio-propaganda/) Cold War radio propaganda from both blocs: Radio Free Europe, Voice of America, Radio Swan, Radio Moscow and Hanoi, tagged by technique, with sources. ## Ukraine war and disinformation - [Ukraine war propaganda from Crimea in 2014 to 2023](https://propagandaarchive.org/ukraine-war-propaganda/) Propaganda in the Ukraine war, 2014 to 2023: Russian posters and addresses, Ukrainian billboards and stamps, tagged by technique, same tests for both. - [Fake news: what it means, where it came from, documented cases](https://propagandaarchive.org/types-of-propaganda/fake-news/) Fake news means fabricated stories made to look like journalism, and a label for reporting someone distrusts. Origin, documented cases, the laws. - [Disinformation: origin of the word and documented cases](https://propagandaarchive.org/types-of-propaganda/disinformation/) Disinformation explained: where dezinformatsiya comes from, documented cases from several states including the US, and how fake news is used. ## Iraq and the Gulf wars - [Iraq War propaganda from 1980 to 2003](https://propagandaarchive.org/iraq-war-propaganda/) Propaganda in the Iraq wars: Saddam-era posters and radio, Gulf War leaflets, and the 2003 US case for war, tagged by technique, same tests for every side. - [Afghanistan war propaganda from 1980 to 2014](https://propagandaarchive.org/afghanistan-war-propaganda/) Propaganda in the war in Afghanistan, 1980 to 2014: coalition leaflets, a Kabul radio broadcast and the Taliban flag, tagged by technique. - [Psyop: what psychological operations are, with history and examples](https://propagandaarchive.org/types-of-propaganda/psychological-operations/) A psyop is a planned effort to influence a foreign audience's emotions and behaviour. US doctrine, the PSYOP/MISO renamings, leaflets and the slang use. ## Vietnam War - [Vietnam War propaganda, 1954–1975: both sides](https://propagandaarchive.org/vietnam-war-propaganda/) Vietnam War propaganda from the United States, Saigon, Hanoi, the National Liberation Front and the U.S. protest movement, 1954 to 1975, with sources. - [North Vietnamese (DRV) and NLF (Viet Cong) propaganda](https://propagandaarchive.org/vietnam-war-propaganda/drv-and-nlf/) Leaflets, flags and radio from the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and the National Liberation Front, selected by issuer, with sources shown. - [US antiwar movement posters and protests, 1965–1972](https://propagandaarchive.org/vietnam-war-propaganda/us-antiwar-posters/) Photographs of U.S. antiwar marches and protest posters, 1965 to 1972, from civilian committees. The 1969 draft lottery stays on its own page. - [Propaganda radio: Haw-Haw, Tokyo Rose, RFE](https://propagandaarchive.org/propaganda-radio/) Propaganda radio from Lord Haw-Haw and Tokyo Rose to Radio Free Europe: the white, grey and black source test, jamming and monitored transcripts. ## World War II posters - [WW2 propaganda posters: how each side used them](https://propagandaarchive.org/ww2-propaganda-posters/) WWII propaganda posters, radio and film from the Allies, the Axis and the Soviet Union, with techniques and sources shown. One standard for all sides. - [Office of War Information posters of the Second World War](https://propagandaarchive.org/ww2-propaganda-posters/owi-posters/) Posters from the US Office of War Information, 1942-45: security, rationing, bonds, jobs and war aims, with issuers, techniques and sources. - [Careless talk and "loose lips" posters of the Second World War](https://propagandaarchive.org/ww2-propaganda-posters/careless-talk/) WWII security posters from the US, Britain and Canada: Loose Lips Might Sink Ships, Careless Talk Costs Lives and more, with issuers and sources. - [War bonds and savings posters of the Second World War](https://propagandaarchive.org/ww2-propaganda-posters/war-bonds/) WWII war bonds and savings posters from the US War Loans, Canada's Victory Loans and Britain's National Savings, tagged by technique, sources shown. - [Rationing, salvage and victory garden posters of the Second World War](https://propagandaarchive.org/ww2-propaganda-posters/rationing-and-salvage/) WWII posters on rationing, scrap and fat salvage, car sharing, victory gardens and Dig for Victory, from the US, Britain and Canada, sources shown. - [Women in Second World War posters: work, service and the home](https://propagandaarchive.org/ww2-propaganda-posters/women/) WWII posters that recruited women for war work and the services in the US, Britain and Canada, from We Can Do It! to the WAC and ATS, sources shown. - [The We Can Do It! poster and Rosie the Riveter](https://propagandaarchive.org/ww2-propaganda-posters/we-can-do-it-poster/) Is We Can Do It! Rosie the Riveter? The Westinghouse origin, the 1980s revival, Rockwell's cover, and 15 real WWII posters of women war workers. - [Anti-Japanese posters of the Second World War, and Japanese propaganda](https://propagandaarchive.org/ww2-propaganda-posters/anti-japanese-posters/) Anti-Japanese WWII posters from the US, Australia and Britain, and how Japan pictured the Allies, shown as issued with content notes and sources. - [British propaganda posters: WWI and WWII examples by technique](https://propagandaarchive.org/british-propaganda-posters/) British propaganda posters from the First and Second World Wars, from Keep Calm and Carry On to Dig for Victory, tagged by technique, sources shown. - [Canadian propaganda posters: WWII in English and French](https://propagandaarchive.org/canadian-propaganda-posters/) Canadian propaganda posters of the two world wars, in English and French: Victory Loans, salvage, recruiting and security, tagged by technique. - [Military recruiting posters across eras and countries](https://propagandaarchive.org/recruiting-posters/) Recruiting posters from the US, Britain, Canada, Australia, Poland, Hungary and Russia, WWI to the Cold War, tagged by technique, sources shown. ## World War I posters - [WW1 propaganda posters: who made them and how they worked](https://propagandaarchive.org/ww1-propaganda-posters/) WWI propaganda posters by nation, the agencies behind them and the techniques they used, with sources and rights shown. One standard for all sides. - [First World War propaganda posters, country by country](https://propagandaarchive.org/ww1-propaganda-posters/by-country/) WWI propaganda posters from Britain, Germany, France, the US, Canada, Austria-Hungary, Russia and Italy, with issuers, techniques and sources shown. - [German propaganda in WW1: war-loan posters, press and appeals](https://propagandaarchive.org/ww1-propaganda-posters/german-posters/) German WW1 propaganda: war-loan posters, U-boat and colonial appeals, press pages and Allied replies, each tagged by technique with sources shown. - [Uncle Sam posters: the I Want You poster and what else he was used for](https://propagandaarchive.org/american-propaganda-posters/uncle-sam-poster/) Uncle Sam posters from 1888 to 2025: the 1917 I Want You recruiting poster, bonds, food and security posters, and cartoons by critics, sources shown. ## American posters - [American propaganda posters: US examples by technique](https://propagandaarchive.org/american-propaganda-posters/) American propaganda posters from 19th-century campaigns to the Cold War, from government, parties and dissenters, tagged by technique, sources shown. - [Women's suffrage posters and cartoons, 1880 to 1923](https://propagandaarchive.org/womens-suffrage-posters/) Women's suffrage posters and cartoons from Britain and the United States, for and against the vote, with techniques named and sources shown. - [WPA posters: New Deal and wartime posters, 1936 to 1943](https://propagandaarchive.org/wpa-posters/) WPA posters of 1936 to 1943: national parks, Federal Theatre, civil defence and salvage, with who made each and why, plus rights shown. - [Civil War propaganda: 1860 and 1864 election prints](https://propagandaarchive.org/civil-war-propaganda/) Civil War propaganda in the archive: 1860 and 1864 election banners and cartoons from Northern publishers. No Confederate-issued items are held. - [Public domain propaganda posters to download](https://propagandaarchive.org/public-domain-propaganda-posters/) Public domain propaganda posters: which the archive records as public domain, how to read each rights box and where to find the originals. - [Propaganda art: posters, cartoons and paintings by purpose](https://propagandaarchive.org/propaganda-art/) Propaganda art is any image made to move an audience: posters, cartoons, prints, murals and money. Forms, famous examples and the techniques they use. - [Cold War propaganda posters, radio and leaflets](https://propagandaarchive.org/cold-war-propaganda-posters/) Cold War propaganda posters, radio and leaflets from the United States, the Soviet Union and their allies, 1947 to 1991, with sources and techniques named. ## Film, newsreels and radio - [Propaganda films: famous examples, all sides](https://propagandaarchive.org/propaganda-films/) Propaganda films from Nazi Germany, the US, Britain, Japan, the Netherlands and Indonesia: who made each, who it was for, what it asked. Sources shown. - [WW2 propaganda films by country](https://propagandaarchive.org/ww2-propaganda-films/) WWII propaganda films by country: 18 film frames from the US, Japan, the Netherlands and Australia, with techniques named and rights shown. One standard. - [Propaganda newsreels: who made them, how](https://propagandaarchive.org/propaganda-newsreels/) Propaganda newsreels from Japan, Australia, the US and the Netherlands, 1938 to 1948, with title cards, players and techniques named. One standard. ## Learn to read propaganda - [Propaganda examples: 21 dated cases, 7 techniques](https://propagandaarchive.org/propaganda-examples/) Twenty-one dated propaganda examples, three for each of the seven classic techniques, from at least two sides each, with source and rights shown. - [Propaganda techniques list: 42 with examples](https://propagandaarchive.org/propaganda-techniques-list/) All 42 propaganda techniques in four families, each with a one-line definition, a spot-it cue and a real archive example from many sides. - [Types of propaganda: source, aim and 42 techniques](https://propagandaarchive.org/types-of-propaganda/) Types of propaganda by source, aim and technique: white, grey and black, agitation and integration, and all 42 techniques with sourced examples. - [How to spot propaganda: five questions and seven devices](https://propagandaarchive.org/how-to-spot-propaganda/) Spot propaganda by asking who sent it, what they want, what feeling it uses, what is missing and whether you'd accept it from the other side. - [How to analyse propaganda: a step-by-step method](https://propagandaarchive.org/how-to-analyse-propaganda/) Seven steps to analyse propaganda, with a worked example from two sides, an essay structure, 15 prompts and common mistakes, using real archive posters. - [SOAPSTone propaganda poster analysis](https://propagandaarchive.org/soapstone-propaganda-poster/) Apply SOAPSTone to propaganda posters step by step, with three worked archive examples from different sides, a blank grid and nine to practise. - [Propaganda lesson plan: 3 sessions, real posters](https://propagandaarchive.org/propaganda-lesson-plan/) A ready-to-teach propaganda lesson plan: three 50-minute sessions on real posters from several sides, with questions, exit tickets and a rubric. - [Propaganda poster analysis worksheet: printable](https://propagandaarchive.org/propaganda-poster-analysis-worksheet/) A printable propaganda poster analysis worksheet: eight questions, the archive's four-question frame, a SOAPSTone table and two worked examples. - [Ethos, pathos, logos in propaganda: by appeal](https://propagandaarchive.org/ethos-pathos-logos-propaganda/) Real propaganda posters sorted by ethos, pathos or logos, with the technique behind each and why, as a teaching aid. Same test for every side. - [Propaganda vs advertising: where the line is](https://propagandaarchive.org/types-of-propaganda/propaganda-vs-advertising/) Advertising sells a product, propaganda shapes belief or loyalty, and both use emotion and repetition. Four ways to tell them apart, with wartime overlaps. ## Posters in general - [Propaganda posters: examples by technique and era](https://propagandaarchive.org/propaganda-posters/) Propaganda posters from the US, Britain, Germany, the USSR, China and others, tagged by technique, with source and rights shown. One method for all sides. - [Propaganda archives and collections: where to find them](https://propagandaarchive.org/about/propaganda-archives-and-collections/) A guide to propaganda archives and collections, each described from its own page, plus where FRAME's items come from and how to judge a collection. ## Animal Farm and satire - [Animal Farm propaganda: techniques and parallels](https://propagandaarchive.org/animal-farm-propaganda/) Which propaganda techniques Animal Farm uses, from Squealer's rewrites to Snowball the scapegoat, with real Soviet and other-side archive examples. ## More guides - [Ceausescu's last speech: what the record holds, 20 to 25 December 1989](https://propagandaarchive.org/ceausescu-last-speech/) Ceausescu's last speech: the 20 December 1989 address as broadcast, the 21 December Scinteia and balcony rally, flight and execution, with sources. - [Cultural Revolution struggle sessions: origins, labels and the Party's later verdict](https://propagandaarchive.org/cultural-revolution-struggle-sessions/) What struggle sessions were: 1946-52 land reform, 1966-68 Red Guard use, and the 1980-81 Party verdict, with posters and quoted sources shown. - [Goebbels quotes: what he said, with sources, and the big lie line he did not](https://propagandaarchive.org/goebbels-quotes/) Goebbels quotes with dated sources: 15 verified lines from speeches and articles, and why the 'big lie' quote is rejected. Translations credited. - [Hitler speeches: where to read them, verified quotes and how they were staged](https://propagandaarchive.org/hitler-speeches/) Where to read Hitler speeches in full (Baynes, Domarus), verified quotes from 1922 to 1942, rejected fake quotes, and how rallies and radio were staged. - [Mao quotes: what he said, where and when, and what he did not](https://propagandaarchive.org/mao-quotes/) Mao quotes with date, source and translator: barrel of a gun, a revolution is not a dinner party, we have stood up, and three lines we rejected. - [Stalin quotes: which are real, with sources and the ones rejected](https://propagandaarchive.org/stalin-quotes/) Stalin quotes checked against sources: 22 verified lines on war, kulaks and the press, and five rejected, including 'one death is a tragedy'. - [Anti-war posters: peace and protest posters, 1914 to 1983](https://propagandaarchive.org/anti-war-posters/) Anti-war and peace posters from 1914 to 1983: party stickers, Vietnam-era protest, Cold War state peace campaigns, tested the same way for each side. - [Australian propaganda posters: enlistment, conscription and home front](https://propagandaarchive.org/australian-propaganda-posters/) Australian propaganda posters 1915 to 2013: WWI enlistment, the 1916 and 1917 conscription referendums, WWII home front, with sources and rights shown. - [Civil defense posters: air raid, blackout and atomic survival, 1939 to 1950](https://propagandaarchive.org/civil-defense-posters/) Civil defense posters: WWII air raid, gas, fire and blackout notices from Britain and the US, plus a 1950 atomic booklet, with who issued each. - [East German propaganda: GDR posters, the Berlin Wall and Western replies, 1948 to 1989](https://propagandaarchive.org/east-german-propaganda/) East German propaganda 1948 to 1989: GDR border boards, the Berlin Wall and Western replies, tagged by technique, with sources and rights. - [French propaganda posters: WWI, colonial, Vichy and Free France](https://propagandaarchive.org/french-propaganda-posters/) French propaganda posters, 1906 to 1943: WWI loans, colonial exhibitions, Vichy and Free France, with who issued each and the technique. - [Italian fascist propaganda posters, slogans and Allied replies, 1915 to 1942](https://propagandaarchive.org/italian-fascist-propaganda-posters/) Italian fascist propaganda posters, slogans and cartoons, 1915 to 1942: Kingdom war-loan sheets, PNF election posters and Allied replies, sourced. - [Japanese propaganda in WWII: posters from Japan, Manchukuo and occupied Asia](https://propagandaarchive.org/japanese-propaganda-ww2/) Japanese WWII propaganda from Japan, Manchukuo, Taiwan, Malaya and Java: posters, stamps, leaflets and film stills, tagged by technique. - [Latin American propaganda posters: Mexico, Chile, Brazil and US Alliance for Progress](https://propagandaarchive.org/latin-american-propaganda-posters/) Latin American propaganda posters from both sides: Mexican broadsides and 1939 posters, Alliance for Progress and Good Neighbor sheets, Chile 1988. - [Liberty Loan posters: US, Canadian and Allied WW1 war bond posters](https://propagandaarchive.org/liberty-loan-posters/) Liberty Loan, Victory Loan and war savings posters of 1917 to 1919: US Treasury, Canada, France, Italy and Russia, with technique and sponsor named. - [WW1 food posters: Food Administration, wheat, sugar and garden posters](https://propagandaarchive.org/ww1-food-posters/) WWI food posters from the US Food Administration, Canada, Bulgaria and Lublin: pledges, wheat, sugar and gardens, with sources and rights shown. - [WW1 posters of women: nurses, war workers and the home front](https://propagandaarchive.org/ww1-propaganda-posters-women/) WW1 posters of women: nurses and the Red Cross, war workers, home-front housekeepers and recruiting appeals, with issuer and technique shown.