---
title: Propaganda, catalogued by how it works.
url: https://propagandaarchive.org/
description: 'A free archive of propaganda from every side and era: posters, campaigns and case studies catalogued by technique, plus the psychology behind them.'
section: FRAME
---

![Illustration: a redacted Cold War intelligence-dossier collage centred on a world map of influence operations, with the U.S. Capitol among the evidence.](https://propagandaarchive.org/static/generated/hero-home.jpg)

Forensic Research Archive of Manipulation and Exploitation

# Propaganda, catalogued by how it works.

A public archive of propaganda, each piece tagged with the techniques it uses. The collection and the case studies are the vault. The watch is a weather station, live and ongoing since 8 September 2026, not the building.

[Browse the collection](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/) [Case studies](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/) [Learn the techniques](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/)

**347** objects**28** techniques**181** watch briefs**18** campaign dossiers

## From the collection

[Map and timeline](https://propagandaarchive.org/history-map/) [See all 347 objects](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/)

- [Remember Belgium — Enlist To-Day](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/remember-belgium-1915/) (1915 · Fear appeal, Scapegoating, Transfer)
- [Helft uns siegen! Zeichnet die Kriegsanleihe (Help Us Win! Subscribe to the War Loan)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/helft-uns-siegen-1917/) (1917 · Fear appeal, Transfer, Glittering generalities)
- [We Can Do It!](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/we-can-do-it-1943/) (1943 · Glittering generalities, Plain folks)
- [Toma! Y qué hacen aquí esos tres? (Look! And What Are These Three Doing Here?), El Centinela cartoon](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/three-apes-el-centinela-1867/) (May 9, 1867 · Name-calling)
- [Illustration of the Issuing of the State Constitution in the State Chamber of the New Imperial Palace (憲法發布式之圖)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/constitution-promulgation-adachi-ginko-1889/) (Mar 14, 1889 · Transfer)
- [The Radical Programme, No. 4: Dismemberment of the Empire (Gladstone & Co. auction India), St Stephen's Review Presentation Cartoon](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/radical-programme-selling-india-st-stephens-review-1891/) (Oct 31, 1891 · Fear appeal, Scapegoating)
- [劉永福懸賞抓拿日本奸細告示 (Liu Yongfu's notice offering rewards for capturing Japanese spies), Taiwan](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/liu-yongfu-reward-notice-japanese-spies-1895/) (1895 · Name-calling, Fear appeal)
- [Máquinas para fabricar yankées (Machines for Manufacturing Yankees)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/maquinas-para-fabricar-yankees-blanco-y-negro-1896/) (Apr 11, 1896 · Name-calling)
- [El soldado de Cuba: —¡Ven tú, cobarde! (The Soldier of Cuba: 'Come here, you coward!')](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/el-soldado-de-cuba-blanco-y-negro-1898/) (May 7, 1898 · Name-calling). Content note: Caricature of Cuban insurgents as tiny, dark-faced figures carried on a pole and in a basket by Uncle Sam.
- ["The White Man's Burden (Apologies to Rudyard Kipling)" (Judge, 1899)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/white-mans-burden-judge-1899/) (Apr 1, 1899 · Transfer, Glittering generalities). Content note: Racial caricatures of colonised peoples carried in baskets.
- [時局圖 (The Situation in the Far East / Map of the Present Situation), newer version with English labels](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/situation-in-far-east-tse-tsan-tai-1900/) (1900 · Fear appeal)
- [Many Happy Returns - of the Gold to the Rightful Owners (Tom Browne, The Sketch)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/many-happy-returns-kruger-gold-1900/) (Oct 10, 1900 · Name-calling)
- [De politieke heksenkeuken (The Political Witches' Kitchen)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/politieke-heksenkeuken-1901/) (Jun 28, 1901 · Name-calling, Transfer)
- [Японский Император и его лукавые доброжелатели (The Japanese Emperor and His Cunning Well-Wishers): Russian Russo-Japanese War print](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/japanese-mikado-cunning-well-wishers-1904/) (1904 · Name-calling, Scapegoating)
- ["Il congresso socialista di Bologna" (L'Asino cover, 1904)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/lasino-congresso-socialista-bologna-1904/) (Apr 10, 1904 · Name-calling)
- [Fidèles compagnons du buveur : Misère & Mort (The Drinker's Faithful Companions: Misery and Death)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/misere-et-mort-anti-alcohol-1905/) (1905 · Fear appeal)
- [Deutsche Mütter, schützt Eure Kinder vor der Tuberkulose (German Mothers, Protect Your Children from Tuberculosis)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/deutsche-mutter-tuberkulose-1906/) (1906 · Fear appeal)
- [The Modern Civilization of Europe: France in Morocco & England in Egypt (Cairo Punch supplement)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/cairo-punch-modern-civilization-of-europe-1908/) (1908 · Card stacking). Content note: Allegorical colour cartoon with skeletons, a bloodied corpse and a hanged figure, depicting French and British colonial violence.
- [Kalem cartoon of Abdulhamid II and his secretary ("Il y a mis du temps, mais il a compris")](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/kalem-abdulhamid-severed-head-cartoon-1909/) (Apr 29, 1909 · Name-calling)
- [Saludo y felicitación al Señor D. Francisco I. Madero al tomar posesión de la presidencia (Salute and Congratulations to Francisco I. Madero on Taking the Presidency)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/saludo-madero-1911/) (Nov 6, 1911 · Glittering generalities, Bandwagon)
- ["The Feminine of Jekyll and Hyde" (Puck, 1913)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/puck-feminine-of-jekyll-and-hyde-1913/) (Jun 4, 1913 · Name-calling)
- [Ejército Constitucionalista de México: billete de cinco pesos (Constitutionalist Army of Mexico: Five-Peso Note)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/constitucionalista-cinco-pesos-1914/) (Mar 30, 1914 · Transfer)
- [Подошёл колбасник к Лодзи (A Sausage-Maker Came to Łódź)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/sausage-maker-came-to-lodz-1914/) (1914 · Name-calling). Content note: The ethnic slur "kolbasnik" for Germans.
- [Bulgaren-Held (Bulgarian Hero)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/bulgaren-held-1915/) (1915 · Transfer)
- [Daddy, what did YOU do in the Great War?](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/daddy-what-did-you-do-1915/) (1915 · Fear appeal)
- [Ireland & Poland (recruiting appeal quoting the Rev. William P. Burke)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/ireland-and-poland-1915/) (1915 · Fear appeal, Testimonial)
- [Kriegs-ABC (German children's war alphabet, letters A and B, 1915)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/kriegs-abc-hachez-glaser-1915/) (1915 · Name-calling)
- [Tasvir-i Efkar front page, 29 October 1915: Ottoman-Entente war anniversary](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/tasvir-i-efkar-war-anniversary-1915/) (Oct 29, 1915 · Transfer)
- [On les aura! 2e Emprunt de la Défense Nationale. Souscrivez (We'll get them! Second National Defence Loan. Subscribe)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/on-les-aura-1916/) (1916 · Transfer)
- [The Blood Vote (anti-conscription leaflet)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/the-blood-vote-anti-conscription-1916/) (1916 · Transfer, Fear appeal)
- [The Balance Sheet of British Rule in India (Hindustan-Gadar broadside)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/balance-sheet-british-rule-india-1917/) (1917 · Card stacking)
- [שפייז וועט געווינען דיא קריעג! (Food Will Win the War!), Yiddish edition](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/food-will-win-the-war-yiddish-1917/) (1917 · Transfer)
- [Gee!! I Wish I Were a Man, I'd Join the Navy](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/gee-i-wish-i-were-a-man-1917/) (1917 · Transfer)
- [I vy občané, vzhůru do boje! Upisujte 7. válečnou půjčku! (You too, citizens, on to the fight! Subscribe to the 7th War Loan!)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/i-vy-obcane-1917/) (1917 · Transfer)
- [Virginia Arnold \[holding Kaiser Wilson banner\]](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/kaiser-wilson-banner-1917/) (1917 · Transfer)
- [Заём свободы. Война до победы (Liberty Loan. War until Victory)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/zaem-svobody-voina-do-pobedy-1917/) (1917 · Glittering generalities, Transfer)
- [Portugal e a Gran Bretanha apertam as suas mãos de antigos aliados (Portugal and Great Britain Clasp Hands, Old Allies)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/portugal-e-a-gran-bretanha-postcard-1917/) (Jun 20, 1917 · Transfer)
- [Halt the Hun! Buy U.S. Government Bonds, Third Liberty Loan](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/halt-the-hun-1918/) (1918 · Name-calling, Fear appeal). Content note: "Hun" epithet for Germans, and a German soldier seizing a half-clothed woman holding a child, implying sexual assault.
- ["Propheten einer neuen Welt" (Nebelspalter cartoon, 1918)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/nebelspalter-prophets-of-a-new-world-1918/) (1918 · Transfer)
- [Save Your Child from Autocracy and Poverty: Buy War Savings Stamps](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/save-your-child-from-autocracy-1918/) (1918 · Transfer)
- [Is Ireland a part of England? Vote for Sinn Fein (Sinn Féin publicity sheet, 1918 general election)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/sinn-fein-election-poster-1918/) (1918 · Testimonial)
- [Victory Bonds will help stop this. Kultur vs. humanity (Canada)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/victory-bonds-kultur-vs-humanity-canada-1918/) (1918 · Name-calling, Transfer)
- [Za naši samostatnost! Hrr na vraha! Za demokracii! Československá armáda (For our independence! Charge at the murderer! For democracy! Czechoslovak Army)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/za-nasi-samostatnost-1918/) (1918 · Name-calling, Glittering generalities). Content note: Stylised hand-to-hand combat between two soldiers; the enemy is labelled a 'murderer' in the headline.
- [Attenti! il serpente tedesco è preso! (Attention! The German serpent is caught!)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/attenti-veleno-1919/) (1919 · Name-calling, Transfer). Content note: Dehumanizing animal metaphor for Germans: a serpent marked with Iron Crosses, blood dripping from its fangs, gripped by a hand.
- [Fegyverbe! Fegyverbe! (To Arms! To Arms!)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/fegyverbe-hungarian-soviet-1919/) (1919 · Transfer)
- [宣言書 (Declaration of Independence), 8 February 1919, first sheet of a handwritten copy](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/feb-8-declaration-korean-students-1919/) (Feb 8, 1919 · Glittering generalities, Transfer)
- [America When Feminized](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/america-when-feminized-1920/) (1920 · Fear appeal, Testimonial)
- [Wolność Bolszewicka (Bolshevik Freedom): Polish Army propaganda poster](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/wolnosc-bolszewicka-poland-1920/) (1920 · Fear appeal, Name-calling)

- ["The British Lion's Vengeance on the Bengal Tiger" (Punch, 1857)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/punch-british-lion-bengal-tiger-1857/) (Aug 22, 1857 · Name-calling)
- [A nova espada que o governo pretende apresentar ao exército (The New Sword the Government Means to Present to the Army)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/nova-espada-revista-illustrada-1887/) (Oct 22, 1887 · Transfer). Content note: A sabre ending in whip lashes (the emblem of slavery's punishment) offered to an army marshal by caricatured ministers.
- [John Bull chamber pot (Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro, Caldas da Rainha)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/john-bull-potty-bordalo-1890/) (1890 · Name-calling). Content note: A chamber pot modelled as the personified figure of Britain (John Bull).
- [The Great Battle of Ansong Ford: The Valor of Captain Matsuzaki](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/ansong-ford-toshikata-1894/) (1894 · Glittering generalities)
- [日清戰爭笑樂画會 (Comics of the Sino-Japanese War): 黄海のきづ and 尻へ帆 (Wounds of the Yellow Sea; Sails on the Rear)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/shoraku-gakai-yellow-sea-kiyochika-1895/) (May 1895 · Name-calling)
- [Homenagem da Revista Illustrada aos gloriosos vencedores de Canudos (Tribute of the Revista Illustrada to the Glorious Victors of Canudos)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/homenagem-vencedores-de-canudos-revista-illustrada-1897/) (1897 · Transfer)
- ["A Sacrifice to Aguinaldo's Ambition" (commercial stereograph, 1899)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/sacrifice-to-aguinaldos-ambition-1899/) (1899 · Card stacking, Name-calling). Content note: Photograph of two dead Filipino soldiers.
- ["England and the War in South Africa" (Der wahre Jacob, 1899)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/war-and-capitalism-der-wahre-jacob-1899/) (Dec 5, 1899 · Card stacking, Scapegoating)
- ["Negro Rule" vampire cartoon with sworn affidavit](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/negro-rule-vampire-1900/) (Jul 4, 1900 · Accusation in a mirror, Fear appeal, Scapegoating). Content note: Racist "Negro Rule" caricature.
- [Chile como el cuervo de la fábula (Chile as the Raven of the Fable)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/chile-como-el-cuervo-de-la-fabula-caras-y-caretas-1901/) (1901 · Name-calling)
- [La fin de la guerre anglo-boer ou Donnant donnant (Alfred Le Petit, Le Grelot)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/fin-de-la-guerre-anglo-boer-le-grelot-1902/) (Jun 1902 · Name-calling)
- [1904 Meiji Japan Navy: Seventy-Seven Brave Soldiers Decide to Die](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/port-arthur-blockships-1904/) (1904 · Glittering generalities)
- ["Yamato-damashii no gochisō" (Nihon banzai hyakusen hyakushō print, 1904)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/banzai-hyakusen-yamato-damashii-feast-1904/) (Sep 20, 1904 · Glittering generalities)
- [Al Frontón Condal: El Banquet de la Victoria (At the Frontón Condal), ¡Cu-Cut!](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/al-fronton-condal-cu-cut-1905/) (Nov 23, 1905 · Name-calling)
- [An Answer to Mark Twain (Brussels pamphlet cover, 1907)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/an-answer-to-mark-twain-1907/) (1907 · Name-calling, Card stacking). Content note: Caricature of Morel and Twain, and a burning village.
- [Yaşasın Vatan, Yaşasın Millet, Yaşasın Hürriyet! (Long Live the Fatherland, the Nation, Liberty!)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/young-turk-constitution-postcard-1908/) (Jul 24, 1908 · Glittering generalities)
- [La vuelta del desterrado (The Return of the Exile)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/la-vuelta-del-desterrado-vanegas-arroyo-1911/) (1911 · Glittering generalities, Bandwagon)
- [Tripoli è italiana! (postcard)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/tripoli-e-italiana-postcard-1912/) (1912 · Transfer)
- ["Ned med militarismen - Leve socialismen" propaganda stamp (Norway, 1914)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/norway-down-with-militarism-stamp-1914/) (Mar 1914 · Glittering generalities)
- [Сдал австриец русским Львов (The Austrian Surrendered Lvov to the Russians)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/austrians-surrendered-lvov-1914/) (1914 · Name-calling)
- [Aux Femmes Françaises (To French Women) — government appeal, 6 August 1914](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/aux-femmes-francaises-viviani-1914/) (Aug 6, 1914 · Glittering generalities, Card stacking)
- [Cold-Blooded Murder! Remember Germany's Crowning Infamy](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/cold-blooded-murder-1915/) (1915 · Card stacking, Name-calling, Fear appeal)
- [Vote Against Woman Suffrage](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/georgia-vote-against-woman-suffrage-1915/) (1915 · Fear appeal, Bandwagon)
- [Mr. John Dillon, M.P., on recruiting in Ireland. Join an Irish regiment to-day](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/john-dillon-on-recruiting-in-ireland-1915/) (1915 · Testimonial, Semantic hijacking)
- [Have You Any Women-Folk Worth Defending? Remember the Women of Belgium. Join To-Day](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/women-folk-worth-defending-1915/) (1915 · Fear appeal)
- [Gold gab ich zur Wehr, Eisen nahm ich zur Ehr (I Gave Gold for Defence, I Took Iron for Honour)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/gold-gab-ich-zur-wehr-1916/) (1916 · Transfer)
- [Save Serbia our ally: Serbian Relief Committee of America poster](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/save-serbia-our-ally-steinlen-1916/) (1916 · Transfer)
- [Proclamation of the Irish Republic (Poblacht na hÉireann), Easter Rising](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/proclamation-of-the-irish-republic-1916/) (Apr 24, 1916 · Transfer, Glittering generalities)
- ['Buy Your Victory Bonds' Canadian Victory Loan poster](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/buy-your-victory-bonds-canada-1917/) (1917 · Transfer)
- [4 Minute Men: A Message from Washington](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/four-minute-men-message-from-washington-1917/) (1917 · Transfer)
- [He Can't Put It Out](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/he-cant-put-it-out-1917/) (1917 · Bandwagon, Name-calling)
- [I Want You for U.S. Army](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/i-want-you-for-us-army-1917/) (1917 · Transfer)
- [So hilft dein Geld Dir kämpfen! In U-Boote verwandelt, hält es Dir feindliche Granaten vom Leib! (This Is How Your Money Helps You Fight! Turned into U-boats, It Keeps Enemy Shells off Your Body!)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/u-boote-kriegsanleihe-1917/) (1917 · Card stacking)
- [Zeichnet 7. Kriegsanleihe! Živnostenská Banka Filiale in Wien (Subscribe to the 7th War Loan! Živnostenská Banka, Vienna Branch)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/zivnostenska-banka-7-kriegsanleihe-1917/) (1917 · Transfer)
- [Beat Back the Hun with Liberty Bonds](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/beat-back-the-hun-1918/) (1918 · Name-calling, Fear appeal). Content note: Dehumanizing caricature of Germans as an ape-like figure, and bloody imagery.
- [Kolonial-Krieger-Spende. von Lettow-Vorbeck (Colonial Servicemen's Fund)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/kolonial-krieger-spende-lettow-vorbeck-1918/) (1918 · Transfer)
- [Pershing Says: The S.O.S. Shares the Success With Us](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/pershing-says-sos-1918/) (1918 · Testimonial)
- [Ultimo acto d'um valente (Last Act of a 'Brave Man'): Sidónio Pais and Afonso Costa](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/sidonio-pais-ultimo-acto-valente-1918/) (1918 · Name-calling). Content note: Ridicule caricature of a political figure kneeling with a rosary at swordpoint.
- [Tell That to the Marines!](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/tell-that-to-the-marines-1918/) (1918 · Name-calling). Content note: "Hun" epithet for Germans in a headline reporting the killing of women and children.
- [Was England will! (What England Wants!)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/was-england-will-1918/) (1918 · Fear appeal, Card stacking)
- [An das arbeitende Volk der Schweiz! Aufruf zum Landesstreik (To the working people of Switzerland! Call for the general strike), 11 November 1918](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/landesstreik-aufruf-oltener-komitee-1918/) (Nov 11, 1918 · Bandwagon, Fear appeal)
- [Students burning Japanese goods, Tsinghua School](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/burn-japanese-goods-tsinghua-1919/) (1919 · Bandwagon)
- [Миръ и свобода въ Совдепіи (Peace and Freedom in Sovdepia)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/mir-i-svoboda-v-sovdepii-1919/) (1919 · Name-calling, Scapegoating, Fear appeal). Content note: This 1919 poster uses antisemitic caricature (a demonic Trotsky wearing a Star of David) and depicts extrajudicial killing.
- ["Die Wiege des Völkerbundes" (Simplicissimus cartoon, 1919)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/simplicissimus-wiege-des-voelkerbundes-1919/) (Mar 11, 1919 · Transfer)
- [Do broni! Wszyscy na front! (To Arms! Everyone to the Front!)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/do-broni-poland-1920/) (1920 · Fear appeal, Bandwagon)
- [Ты записался добровольцем? (Have You Volunteered?)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/did-you-volunteer-moor-1920/) (Jun 1920 · Transfer)
- [Salzburg 20-Kronen "Anschluss" voucher (1921)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/salzburg-anschluss-voucher-20-kronen-1921/) (1921 · Identity fusion)
- [Mariquita, Legionaria: Muñecos recortables no. 69 (Mariquita, Legionnaire: Cut-Out Dolls no. 69)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/mariquita-legionaria-paper-doll-1922/) (1922 · Name-calling)
- ["It's none of the public's business"](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/none-of-the-publics-business-1923/) (Feb 8, 1923 · Name-calling)
- [Կռիվ պալատներին!! Խաղաղություն խրծիթներին (War to the Palaces! Peace to the Huts): Armenian-language Soviet poster](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/lenin-war-to-palaces-armenian-1924/) (1924 · Transfer)
- [Come & See the Palestine Exhibition, Vienna (XIV Zionist Congress poster)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/palestine-exhibition-zionist-congress-1925/) (1925 · Transfer)
- [不澈底的重建 (An Incomplete Reconstruction), Beiyang Huabao no. 116](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/beiyang-huabao-incomplete-reconstruction-1927/) (Aug 27, 1927 · Name-calling)
- ["The Good Shopper" (Empire Marketing Board)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/good-shopper-emb/) (1930 · Plain folks, Glittering generalities)
- [Palazzo Braschi dressed for the 1934 plebiscite: rows of "SI" around the Duce](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/palazzo-braschi-si-1934/) (Mar 1934 · Identity fusion, Bandwagon)
- [Oro alla Patria: handing in gold wedding rings in Milan, 1935](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/oro-alla-patria-milan-1935/) (Dec 1935 · Identity fusion, Transfer, Bandwagon)
- [Eesti rahwas, hoia kokku! (Estonian people, hold together!): Rahvarinne election leaflet](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/eesti-rahvas-hoia-kokku-rahvarinne-1938/) (1938 · Identity fusion, Glittering generalities)
- [Varokaa! Vakoilija! (Beware! Spy!): Finnish Winter War poster](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/finland-varokaa-vakoilijaa-1939/) (1939 · Fear appeal)
- [Your Courage, Your Cheerfulness, Your Resolution Will Bring Us Victory](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/your-courage-your-cheerfulness-1939/) (1939 · Glittering generalities, Transfer)
- [秘密戰ヲ防ゲ (Guard Against Secret Warfare), Japanese home-front counterintelligence poster](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/japan-counterintelligence-poster-1940/) (1940 · Fear appeal, Name-calling)
- [我愈戰愈强，敵愈戰愈弱 (The more we fight, the stronger we grow; the more the enemy fights, the weaker he grows)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/the-more-we-fight-the-stronger-china-1940/) (1940 · Name-calling)
- [Ils assassinent ! Enveloppés dans les plis de notre drapeau (They murder! Wrapped in the folds of our flag)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/ils-assassinent-vichy-1941/) (1941 · Scapegoating, Fear appeal)
- [Muscovites at TASS Window No. 5, 'What Hitler Wants' (Chego Gitler khochet)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/what-hitler-wants-tass-window-1941/) (Jul 1941 · Fear appeal). Content note: Caricature of Hitler with a swastika.
- ['BUT if you continue to resist...' (Japanese leaflet to Australian troops)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/but-leaflet-australian-troops-1942/) (1942 · Fear appeal). Content note: Japanese leaflet showing a dead, dismembered soldier, with a sexual appeal in its text.
- [Loose Lips Might Sink Ships](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/loose-lips-might-sink-ships/) (1942 · Fear appeal, Card stacking)
- [Wanted! For Murder — Her Careless Talk Costs Lives](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/wanted-for-murder-careless-talk/) (1942 · Fear appeal, Scapegoating, Card stacking)
- [China Fights On](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/china-fights-on-united-china-relief-1943/) (1943 · Transfer, Glittering generalities)
- ['Join us in a victory job' (Australian Department of National Service)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/join-us-in-a-victory-job-australia-1943/) (1943 · Bandwagon)
- [Sedari Menanam Hingga Memetik (From Planting to Harvest)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/sedari-menanam-hingga-memetik-1943/) (1943 · Plain folks)
- [United We Win](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/united-we-win-1943/) (1943 · Transfer, Glittering generalities)
- [Why We Fight: The Battle of Britain (film frame)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/why-we-fight-battle-of-britain-1943/) (1943 · Sleeper effect)
- [Still from "Japanse propaganda tentoonstelling", Japanese military propaganda film shot in Java (c. 1944)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/japanese-propaganda-film-exhibition-java-1944/) (1944 · Plain folks)
- [Ik val aan... volgt mij (I attack... follow me)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/ik-val-aan-volgt-mij-1945/) (1945 · Transfer)
- [Bangsa "Merdeka", Negara "Merdeka": Inilah Tudjuan Kita! (Free Nation, Free State: This Is Our Goal!)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/bangsa-merdeka-negara-merdeka-1948/) (1948 · Glittering generalities)
- [Give Freedom to the Captive Nations! Fight Communism!](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/crusade-for-freedom-stamp-1951/) (1951 · Transfer)
- [You Are a Filipino / My Dear Son (voting poster sheet for the Philippines)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/you-are-a-filipino-my-dear-son-1951/) (1951 · Glittering generalities)
- ['Mossadeq's Spy Service' (CIA-prepared propaganda text, Iran, 1953)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/cia-mossadeq-spy-service-1953/) (1953 · Card stacking, Name-calling)
- [A Frank Statement to Cigarette Smokers](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/frank-statement-1954/) (Jan 4, 1954 · Bothsidesism, Card stacking)
- [Sovetskie soldaty! Russian-language appeal to Soviet troops, Budapest 1956](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/hungarian-youth-appeal-soviet-soldiers-1956/) (1956 · Name-calling, Scapegoating)
- ["Am 13. August gab's roten Pfeffer": house-community banner, Bitterfeld](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/bitterfeld-red-pepper-banner-1961/) (Aug 29, 1961 · Name-calling, Manufactured consensus). Content note: East German banner using insult words ('agents', 'yappers') for named West Berlin figures and a radio station.
- [President Johnson's Gulf of Tonkin 'Midnight Address'](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/gulf-of-tonkin-address-1964/) (Aug 4, 1964 · Card stacking)
- [Số hồi chánh viên tại Phú-Yên đã lên đến hơn 2400! (Ralliers in Phu Yen Have Risen to Over 2,400!)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/chieu-hoi-phu-yen-2400-1966/) (1966 · Bandwagon, Testimonial, Fear appeal)
- ["Vous l'aimez votre pays": Communist Party of Belgium election poster, Brussels](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/belgian-communist-votez-555-1968/) (Mar 18, 1968 · Glittering generalities, Plain folks)
- ["Boycot Outspan" Protest Outside Albert Heijn, Amsterdam (1973)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/boycot-outspan-albert-heijn-1973/) (May 23, 1973 · Name-calling, Transfer)
- [Barre Cult of Personality Mural](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/siad-barre-mural-1976/) (1976 · Identity fusion, Transfer)
- ["Right to Life" demonstration, at White House and Capitol](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/right-to-life-abortion-is-murder-1978/) (Jan 23, 1978 · Glittering generalities)
- [Apartheid Kills: Stop the Tour, Day of Shame (Wellington protest poster, 1981)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/apartheid-kills-stop-the-tour-wellington-1981/) (Jul 1981 · Bandwagon, Name-calling)
- [Дым, в котором мы живём (The Smoke in Which We Live)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/dym-v-kotorom-my-zhivyom-1988/) (1988 · Fear appeal, Transfer)
- [Homeland Security Advisory System threat-level chart](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/homeland-security-advisory-system-2002/) (2002 · Fear appeal, Card stacking)
- ['What would you do?' Israel Defense Forces infographic](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/what-would-you-do-idf-infographic-2012/) (Nov 19, 2012 · Fear appeal)
- ['#RussiaIsolated' Foreign & Commonwealth Office infographic](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/russia-isolated-fco-infographic-2014/) (Mar 21, 2014 · Bandwagon, Card stacking)
- ['Don't watch Russian! Russian kills!' Boycott Russian Cinema poster](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/russian-films-kill-boycott-poster-2014/) (Aug 28, 2014 · Transfer, Name-calling)
- [Recognize the Signs of Terrorism-Related Suspicious Activity ("If You See Something, Say Something")](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/see-something-say-something-dhs/) (2018 · Fear appeal, Card stacking)
- ["We are woke to your PLANdemic" placard, Columbus, Ohio](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/plandemic-protest-sign-2020/) (May 9, 2020 · Name-calling)
- ['Liberte / Support Truck Drivers' banners on a truck at the 2022 Canadian convoy rally](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/freedom-rally-truck-banners-canada-2022/) (Jan 31, 2022 · Name-calling, Glittering generalities)
- ['Z #заПутина' LED billboard](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/z-za-putina-billboard-2022/) (Sep 24, 2022 · Identity fusion). Content note: Pro-war 'Z' symbol supporting the Russian invasion of Ukraine; displaying it is restricted by law in some countries.
- ['Bravery is in our DNA' Brave.ua panel, Berlin](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/brave-ua-bravery-in-our-dna-berlin-2023/) (Dec 22, 2023 · Glittering generalities)

## Why we built this

[Read more](https://propagandaarchive.org/about/#why)

Propaganda works best when nobody notices it. A 1915 recruiting poster and this week's wave of coordinated accounts lean on the same few moves: a fear, a flag, a crowd that seems to agree, an enemy with a face. Once you can name those moves, they lose much of their grip.

## The techniques

[Technique map](https://propagandaarchive.org/map/) [All 28 techniques](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/)

Every object and brief here is tagged with the techniques it uses. A technique is a technique regardless of who uses it.

### Classical

Institute for Propaganda Analysis (1937) seven devices and close descendants. Work on emotion, identity, and selective evidence.

- [Name-calling](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/name-calling/)
- [Glittering generalities](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/glittering-generalities/)
- [Transfer](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/transfer/)
- [Testimonial](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/testimonial/)
- [Plain folks](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/plain-folks/)
- [Card stacking](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/card-stacking/)
- [Bandwagon](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/bandwagon/)
- [Fear appeal](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/fear-appeal/)
- [Scapegoating](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/scapegoating/)

### Rhetorical

Argument-form tricks that survive even when the speaker is named.

- [Whataboutism](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/whataboutism/)
- [Semantic hijacking](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/semantic-hijack/)
- [Motte and bailey](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/motte-and-bailey/)
- [Bothsidesism](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/bothsidesism/)
- [Euphemism / doublespeak](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/euphemism/)
- [Identity fusion](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/identity-fusion/)

### Operational

Campaign architecture: how a message is staged, sourced, or made to look like consensus.

- [Flooding the zone](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/flooding-the-zone/)
- [Narrative laundering](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/narrative-laundering/)
- [Manufactured consensus](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/manufactured-consensus/)
- [Overton window shifting](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/overton-shift/)
- [Limited hangout](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/limited-hangout/)
- [Disclosure theater](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/disclosure-theater/)
- [Accusation in a mirror](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/accusation-in-a-mirror/)

### Computational

Volume, automation, synthetic production, or poisoning of ranking and retrieval systems.

- [Firehosing](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/firehosing/)
- [Astroturfing](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/astroturf/)
- [Synthetic media](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/synthetic-media/)
- [Corpus poisoning](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/corpus-poisoning/)
- [Outrage bait](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/outrage-bait/)
- [Sleeper effect](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/sleeper-effect/)

## Latest from the watch

[Case studies](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/) [All 181 briefs](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/)

The live sensor, not the archive.

- Sep 29, 2026Impersonated — [ANO Dialog, as named in Meta's H2 2026 CIB report, rented local media brands and AI talking-heads to boost Strong Armenia while a 28 September NGO file restated the wider Russian stack.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-1142Z-ano-dialog-armenia-elections/) — [Astroturfing](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/astroturf/) [Narrative laundering](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/narrative-laundering/) [Synthetic media](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/synthetic-media/) [Manufactured consensus](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/manufactured-consensus/) [Card stacking](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/card-stacking/)
- Sep 29, 2026Identified — [China's Foreign Ministry used a one-sided White House readout to treat opposing Taiwan independence as the correct U.S. position after talks Trump's fact sheet did not mention.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0815Z-correction-prc-readout-taiwan-oppose/) — [Semantic hijacking](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/semantic-hijack/) [Card stacking](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/card-stacking/) [Transfer](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/transfer/) [Overton window shifting](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/overton-shift/) [Glittering generalities](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/glittering-generalities/)
- Sep 29, 2026Identified — [UK Prime Minister Andy Burnham used UNGA catastrophe language to sell a National Centre for Information Defence as the remedy for a poisonous tide.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0810Z-correction-uk-ncid-burnham/) — [Fear appeal](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/fear-appeal/) [Semantic hijacking](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/semantic-hijack/) [Scapegoating](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/scapegoating/) [Glittering generalities](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/glittering-generalities/) [Card stacking](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/card-stacking/)
- Sep 29, 2026Identified — [Justice Department reminder named public demonstrations among activities a foreign power's agent must register, drawing warnings that protest could be read as unregistered propaganda.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0805Z-correction-doj-fara-demonstrations/) — [Semantic hijacking](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/semantic-hijack/) [Fear appeal](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/fear-appeal/) [Euphemism / doublespeak](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/euphemism/) [Overton window shifting](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/overton-shift/) [Card stacking](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/card-stacking/)
- Sep 29, 2026Identified — [Qatar's International Media Office framed Israeli aid-to-Hamas reports as a far-right smear so UN-cleared transfers would read as civilian-only.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0800Z-correction-qatar-imo-scapegoat/) — [Card stacking](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/card-stacking/) [Scapegoating](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/scapegoating/) [Transfer](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/transfer/) [Name-calling](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/name-calling/) [Euphemism / doublespeak](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/euphemism/)

## Campaigns

[All dossiers](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/)

- [Brazil's WhatsApp and platform messaging networks, 2018 to 2022, and the state's response](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/brazil-whatsapp-networks-2018-2022/)Unidentified
- [SCL Group and Cambridge Analytica: behavioural targeting, the Kogan data harvest and the regulatory record](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/cambridge-analytica-scl-2013-2018/)Unidentified
- [CENTCOM / Pentagon “gc_” newsroom network](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/centcom-gc-network/)Unidentified
- [PRC-linked AI content farms targeting Taiwan](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/china-taiwan-ai-farms/)Unidentified
- [U.S. Committee on Public Information (Creel Committee), 1917-1919](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/committee-on-public-information-1917-1919/)Identified
- [Gulf state-linked Twitter networks and the 2017 Gulf rift information war (2014-2020)](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/gulf-state-twitter-networks-2014-2020/)Impersonated
- [Hanover Institute for Public Policy (LaPam / Piro / Havas)](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/hanover-institute/)Unidentified
- [Indian Chronicles: revived NGOs, look-alike outlets and a newswire relay (2005 to 2023)](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/indian-chronicles-network-2005-2020/)Unidentified
- [Information Research Department (UK Foreign Office), 1948-1977](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/information-research-department-1948-1977/)Unidentified
- [Internet Research Agency (Russian operation aimed at US audiences, 2014 to 2018)](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/internet-research-agency-2014-2018/)Impersonated
- [Iran-origin Meta CIB — fake US activist personas (H2 2026)](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/iran-meta-cib-2026/)Impersonated
- [The Islamic State media apparatus and the effort to dismantle it (2013-2019)](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/islamic-state-media-apparatus-2013-2019/)Identified
- [Operation Matryoshka / Overload — German state elections 2026](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/matryoshka-germany-2026/)Impersonated
- [Pentagon retired military analyst outreach (2002-2008)](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/pentagon-military-analyst-program-2002-2008/)Unidentified
- [Paid and volunteer online influence networks in Philippine politics, 2016 to 2022](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/philippines-troll-networks-2016-2022/)Unidentified
- [Russia Social Design Agency — Projects 2026](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/sda-projects-2026/)Unidentified
- [South Africa's Department of Information secret projects, 1972-1979 ("Muldergate")](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/south-africa-department-of-information-1972-1979/)Unidentified
- [US Cigarette Makers' Joint Doubt Programme (1953 to 2006)](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/tobacco-industry-doubt-campaign-1953-2006/)Unidentified

### What counts as propaganda here

Communication designed to shape belief or behavior by bypassing or overwhelming reasoned evaluation, through emotion, identity, repetition, omission, authority, or volume, rather than by making a claim that can survive open scrutiny.

[Read the working definition](https://propagandaarchive.org/about/working-definition/)