# FRAME > FRAME, the Forensic Research Archive of Manipulation and Exploitation, is an open archive of propaganda and influence operations tagged by the techniques they use, with a cited psychology library and a handbook for open, attributed advocacy. It applies the same definitions to every side, country and era. Append `.md` to any page URL below to get the page as Markdown instead of HTML (`https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/fear-appeal/` becomes `https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/fear-appeal.md`). Both forms carry the same content. Prefer the Markdown form for parsing and the HTML URL when citing. ## Primary - [LLM info](https://propagandaarchive.org/llm-info/): What FRAME is, how its pages are built and sourced, and how an AI assistant should fetch, quote and cite them. - [Identity](https://propagandaarchive.org/identity/): FRAME's name, logo, colours, type and brand files. ## Key pages - [FRAME home](https://propagandaarchive.org/): A free archive of propaganda from every side and era: posters, campaigns and case studies catalogued by technique, plus the psychology behind them. - [Propaganda posters and images](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/): Public-domain propaganda posters and images from the First World War to today, each catalogued by technique, maker, source and rights. - [Propaganda techniques and how they work](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/): The named types of propaganda technique, from the 1937 classic devices to automated influence campaigns: definitions, tells and sourced examples. - [Propaganda in motion](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/): Dated, sourced reads of current influence operations from every side, each scored on method rather than on who is speaking. - [Campaign dossiers](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/): Long-form dossiers on named influence campaigns, laying out the mechanism, the public evidence, what would falsify the read, and how to counter it. - [Propaganda examples: case studies](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/): Illustrated, sourced case studies of propaganda and counter-propaganda, from the ancient world to 2026, with the techniques used and each side's record. - [Then and now](https://propagandaarchive.org/then-and-now/): A modern example beside a historical one that uses the same technique: who was behind each, the context, and where the two are alike and where they differ. Content note: Ethnic slur against Japanese people in the headline. - [The psychology of persuasion](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/): The research on attention, memory, emotion, identity and belief that explains how a message gets past reasoned evaluation, with the evidence rated. - [Writing persuasive political material](https://propagandaarchive.org/write/): A handbook and templates for writing open, attributed political material: framing, story, structure and language, with the techniques named. - [About FRAME](https://propagandaarchive.org/about/): What FRAME is, how it scores propaganda by method rather than by side, and the rules it holds itself to. - [Doctrine (working definition)](https://propagandaarchive.org/about/working-definition/): How FRAME defines propaganda: communication built to shape belief or behavior by bypassing reasoned evaluation, applied the same way to every side. - [Method (how to file)](https://propagandaarchive.org/about/method/): This is the working method for hourly briefs and for campaign dossiers. Doctrine defines the object. This file defines the work. - [Terms of use](https://propagandaarchive.org/terms/): For readers 18 or older, or younger readers with parental supervision. The archive shows offensive propaganda unaltered. Licences, warranty, reporting. - [Privacy policy](https://propagandaarchive.org/privacy/): FRAME has no accounts, cookies, analytics or ads. It lists the two settings your browser keeps, what the host sees, and how to contact us. ## Full text Every page's Markdown twin, joined into files by section, each under about 500K tokens (a single file for the whole site would be several times that). Each page starts with a `` line. - [Techniques and then-and-now](https://propagandaarchive.org/llms-full-techniques.txt): 38 pages, about 261K tokens - [Learn and Write](https://propagandaarchive.org/llms-full-learn-write.txt): 73 pages, about 265K tokens - [About, doctrine and campaigns](https://propagandaarchive.org/llms-full-about.txt): 36 pages, about 132K tokens - [The collection, part 1 of 2](https://propagandaarchive.org/llms-full-collection-1.txt): 259 pages, about 449K tokens - [The collection, part 2 of 2](https://propagandaarchive.org/llms-full-collection-2.txt): 170 pages, about 272K tokens - [Watch briefs, part 1 of 2](https://propagandaarchive.org/llms-full-briefs-1.txt): 179 pages, about 449K tokens - [Watch briefs, part 2 of 2](https://propagandaarchive.org/llms-full-briefs-2.txt): 3 pages, about 7K tokens - [Case studies, part 1 of 4](https://propagandaarchive.org/llms-full-case-studies-1.txt): 59 pages, about 448K tokens - [Case studies, part 2 of 4](https://propagandaarchive.org/llms-full-case-studies-2.txt): 68 pages, about 444K tokens - [Case studies, part 3 of 4](https://propagandaarchive.org/llms-full-case-studies-3.txt): 66 pages, about 444K tokens - [Case studies, part 4 of 4](https://propagandaarchive.org/llms-full-case-studies-4.txt): 17 pages, about 121K tokens - [The home page and machine-facing pages, part 1 of 3](https://propagandaarchive.org/llms-full-reference-1.txt): 43 pages, about 435K tokens - [The home page and machine-facing pages, part 2 of 3](https://propagandaarchive.org/llms-full-reference-2.txt): 58 pages, about 448K tokens - [The home page and machine-facing pages, part 3 of 3](https://propagandaarchive.org/llms-full-reference-3.txt): 36 pages, about 142K tokens ## Techniques - [Accusation in a mirror](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/accusation-in-a-mirror/): Accusation in a mirror accuses a target of the method or crime the accuser is preparing or running. Definition, the tell and examples. Content note: Photograph of armed white men standing before the burned building of a Black-owned newspaper during the 1898 Wilmington violence. - [Astroturfing](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/astroturf/): Astroturfing fakes or rents grassroots support with personas, pages or crowds that are not what they claim. Definition, the tell and examples. - [Bandwagon](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/bandwagon/): The bandwagon technique treats popularity, momentum or 'everyone knows' as proof. Definition, the tell, what it is not, and examples. - [Bothsidesism](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/bothsidesism/): Bothsidesism presents two positions as equally supported when the cited evidence differs in weight. Definition, the tell, what it is not, and examples. - [Card stacking](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/card-stacking/): Card stacking selects, omits or orders facts so the remaining pile can only be read one way. Definition, the tell, what it is not, and examples. - [Corpus poisoning](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/corpus-poisoning/): Corpus poisoning seeds search indices, encyclopedias or model-facing text so downstream systems repeat a frame as independent research. - [Disclosure theater](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/disclosure-theater/): Disclosure theater is a technically present disclosure that does not travel with the content the audience actually sees. Definition, the tell and examples. - [Euphemism / doublespeak](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/euphemism/): Euphemism and doublespeak replace a concrete act or harm with a sanitizing or inflating phrase. Definition, the tell and examples. - [Fear appeal](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/fear-appeal/): A fear appeal pairs imminent harm with an offered protection, so the audience may accept it without comparing alternatives. Definition, tell, examples. - [Firehosing](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/firehosing/): The firehose of falsehood is high-volume, multi-channel output that ignores internal consistency, aiming at exhaustion. Definition, the tell and examples. - [Flooding the zone](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/flooding-the-zone/): Flooding the zone saturates attention so a preferred frame, or confusion itself, crowds out slower checking. Definition, the tell and examples. - [Glittering generalities](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/glittering-generalities/): Glittering generalities use virtue words such as freedom, security or justice in place of a testable claim. Definition, the tell and examples. - [Identity fusion](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/identity-fusion/): Identity fusion collapses checking a claim into betraying the tribe, so criticizing a method feels like treason. Definition, the tell and examples. - [Limited hangout](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/limited-hangout/): A limited hangout releases a partial, survivable truth to block a larger one. Definition, the tell, what it is not, and examples. - [Manufactured consensus](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/manufactured-consensus/): Manufactured consensus creates the appearance that independent voices independently reached the same conclusion. Definition, the tell and examples. - [Motte and bailey](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/motte-and-bailey/): Motte and bailey advances a bold claim, retreats to a modest one when pressed, then reoccupies the bold one. Definition, the tell and examples. - [Name-calling](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/name-calling/): Name-calling attaches a loaded label to a target so the audience rejects it without checking the claim. Definition, the tell and examples. - [Narrative laundering](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/narrative-laundering/): Narrative laundering passes a state or factional message through a more legitimate-looking surface so its origin is hard to see. Definition and examples. - [Outrage bait](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/outrage-bait/): Outrage bait crafts content to provoke fury, which then does the distribution. Definition, the tell and examples. Content note: Caricature mocking Joseph Pulitzer's accent. - [Overton window shifting](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/overton-shift/): Overton window shifting moves a position from the margins into mainstream discussion by repetition, extremes or endorsement. Definition and examples. Content note: Reproduction of the Nazi Reich Citizenship Law and the opening of the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour. - [Plain folks](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/plain-folks/): Plain folks propaganda has a speaker perform ordinary-person identity so the message feels homegrown. Definition, the tell and examples. - [Scapegoating](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/scapegoating/): Scapegoating parks blame for a complex harm on a bounded out-group so the in-group stays clean. Definition, the tell and examples from the archive. - [Semantic hijacking](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/semantic-hijack/): Semantic hijacking captures a high-prestige or high-stigma word and stretches it to cover a preferred set. Definition, the tell and examples. - [Sleeper effect](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/sleeper-effect/): The sleeper effect: a discounted source is forgotten faster than its claim, so the claim later feels ownerless and true. Definition and examples. - [Synthetic media](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/synthetic-media/): Synthetic media is machine-made or machine-rewritten content presented as human witness, journalism or research. Definition, the tell and examples. - [Testimonial](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/testimonial/): The testimonial technique has a named person or institution vouch for a message so the audience stops checking. Definition, the tell and examples. - [Transfer](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/transfer/): Transfer borrows prestige or stigma from a respected or hated symbol and attaches it to a message. Definition, the tell and examples. - [Whataboutism](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/whataboutism/): Whataboutism answers an accusation with a different accusation instead of addressing the claim. Definition, the tell, what it is not, and examples. Content note: Segregation sign using the racial term 'Colored' of its period. ## Collection - ["A Sacrifice to Aguinaldo's Ambition" (commercial stereograph, 1899)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/sacrifice-to-aguinaldos-ambition-1899/): A commercial stereograph sold to American households shows two dead Filipino soldiers behind their trenches at Malabon, captioned as a sacrifice to one… Content note: Photograph of two dead Filipino soldiers. - ["Am 13. August gab's roten Pfeffer": house-community banner, Bitterfeld](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/bitterfeld-red-pepper-banner-1961/): Two men hang a long banner over a doorway while a third steadies it: 'On 13 August there was red pepper for Brandt's agents and RIAS yappers!', signed… Content note: East German banner using insult words ('agents', 'yappers') for named West Berlin figures and a radio station. - ["Boycot Outspan" Protest Outside Albert Heijn, Amsterdam (1973)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/boycot-outspan-albert-heijn-1973/): Campaigners outside an Albert Heijn supermarket hold banners reading 'Boycot Outspan' and 'Outspan bloed-sinaasappelen' (blood oranges) and wear matching… - ["Credere Obbedire Combattere": a school group photograph, Mirandola, 1938](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/credere-obbedire-combattere-mirandola-1938/): Students and teachers of the Royal Liceo-Ginnasio in Mirandola pose under portraits of the King and of Mussolini and a banner reading CREDERE OBBEDIRE… - ["Delavci, tovarne so vaša last!" (Workers, the factories are your property!), workers' council election poster](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/delavci-tovarne-so-vasa-last-yugoslavia-1951/): Two men in work clothes and one in a suit lean over an unrolled plan before a window onto blast furnaces and chimneys, above the text 'Workers, the… - ["Denkt an Ungarn: Seid wachsam!" CDU poster, 1957 Bundestag election](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/cdu-denkt-an-ungarn-1957/): Text poster over a black sky, a red horizon and a skyline of ruined buildings: 'Denkt an Ungarn: Seid wachsam!' above a large yellow CDU. The tell is the… - ["Der Schutzpatron der Westberliner Spionageorganisation Lemmer": ADN photomontage](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/adn-lemmer-photomontage-1962/): Composite press image: a man on all fours, a 'BILD' newspaper in his back pocket, crawls toward a painted tunnel mouth in a wall while a stooping figure… - ["Die Wiege des Völkerbundes" (Simplicissimus cartoon, 1919)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/simplicissimus-wiege-des-voelkerbundes-1919/): A gaunt, bespectacled man in black sits under a willow holding a small tablet, one hand resting on a black coffin marked with a cross that stands on a… - ["England and the War in South Africa" (Der wahre Jacob, 1899)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/war-and-capitalism-der-wahre-jacob-1899/): A glass still distils a battle of British soldiers and Boer fighters into blood-red liquid that runs through a pipe into a vat and out as gold coin… - ["Frontul Democrației și Unității Socialiste - cel mai larg organism politic": Romanian wall chart](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/romanian-front-of-democracy-and-socialist-unity-1985/): A wheel chart with 'Partidul Comunist Român' at the hub and 33 blue spokes naming unions, councils, professional associations and nationality councils… - ["I did not raise my girl to be a voter"](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/puck-did-not-raise-my-girl-1915/): A Puck cartoon parodies the anti-war song 'I Didn't Raise My Boy to Be a Soldier'. - ["I hear they want more Bovril. My place is at the front" (Bovril poster, 1915)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/bovril-my-place-is-at-the-front-1915/): Two-sheet colour lithograph poster in which a bull walks up to an army recruiting table draped with the Union Flag, where a smiling sergeant and an… - ["Il congresso socialista di Bologna" (L'Asino cover, 1904)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/lasino-congresso-socialista-bologna-1904/): Colour cover in two panels. Above, a red-and-black scene of delegates hurling chairs and clubs at one another; below, a fat top-hatted gentleman and a… - ["In the Rubber Coils" (Punch, 1906)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/congo-rubber-coils-punch-1906/): A Congolese rubber collector is crushed in the coils of a snake wearing King Leopold II's crowned head, over the caption "Scene - The Congo 'Free'… Content note: Period caricature of a rubber collector crushed by a snake with Leopold II's head. - ["It's none of the public's business"](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/none-of-the-publics-business-1923/): Kirby's 'Mr. Dry', a scowling top-hatted figure that stood for all prohibitionists, sprawls over a heap of coins labelled 'Political Contributions', his… - ["Julen 1904": the first Christmas seal (Denmark, 1904)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/denmark-first-christmas-seal-1904/): A purple perforated label reading 'JULEN 1904' above an oval portrait of Queen Louise under a crown, framed by flowers, over the Danish arms of three… - ["Jungles Today, Gold Mines Tomorrow" (Empire Marketing Board, 1926)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/jungles-today-gold-mines-tomorrow-1926/): A poster for Britain's state Empire Marketing Board draws two African figures in stock costume beside a ledger showing colonial trade rising from £2.25… Content note: African figures drawn as racial stereotypes. - ["Kill Every One Over Ten" (New York Evening Journal, 1902)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/kill-every-one-over-ten-1902/): A U.S. Marine, captioned "Criminals," stands over blindfolded Filipino children awaiting execution on an American flag, responding to General Jacob… Content note: Blindfolded Filipino children before a firing squad. - ["Kärntner Volksabstimmung, 10. Oktober 1920" postcard](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/carinthian-plebiscite-postcard-1920/): Two men in rural dress shake hands before families of both sides, flanked by a farmer and a rifleman, under a banner quoting Schiller's oath of unity… - ["La Constitución ha muerto" protest at El Hijo del Ahuizote (1903)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/hijo-del-ahuizote-constitucion-ha-muerto-1903/): Sepia photograph of a two-storey building front under a signboard reading 'El Hijo del Ahuizote': a black-draped placard 'La Constitución ha muerto....'… - ["Monsieur Cécil Rhodes" (Le Rire cover, 1900)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/le-rire-cecil-rhodes-leandre-1900/): Colour cover caricature of a heavy-jowled Cecil Rhodes leaning on the barred top of a stone tower, a champagne bottle stuffed in his collar, a small flag… - ["Na atoomreagan geen zonneschijn": banner at a Dutch anti-nuclear demonstration](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/na-atoomreagan-banner-1982/): Marchers in The Hague carry a hand-lettered banner reading 'NA ATOOMREAGAN GEEN ZONNESCHIJN'. - ["Ned med militarismen - Leve socialismen" propaganda stamp (Norway, 1914)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/norway-down-with-militarism-stamp-1914/): A red adhesive label in stamp form, with a broken rifle inside an oval and the paired slogans "Ned med militarismen" (Down with militarism) and "Leve… - ["Negro Rule" vampire cartoon with sworn affidavit](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/negro-rule-vampire-1900/): A bat-winged Black figure labelled 'Negro Rule' rises from a 'Fusion ballot box' and claws at fleeing white people. Content note: Racist "Negro Rule" caricature. - ["Porte timbre de guerre des Alliés" poster stamp (Allied powers, 1914-1915)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/porte-timbre-de-guerre-des-allies-1915/): A perforated colour label with a white central panel reading 'Porte timbre de guerre des Alliés', framed by the flags of the Allied states, each with a… - ["Propheten einer neuen Welt" (Nebelspalter cartoon, 1918)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/nebelspalter-prophets-of-a-new-world-1918/): Two towering robed figures, one with an ape-like face and one bespectacled, stand before glaring rays holding twin tablets numbered in Roman numerals… - ["Right to Life" demonstration, at White House and Capitol](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/right-to-life-abortion-is-murder-1978/): Marchers on the fifth anniversary of Roe v. Wade carry hand-lettered signs reading "Abortion is murder / Save my life / I want to live", with a fetal… - ["School Begins" (Puck, 1899)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/school-begins-puck-1899/): Uncle Sam lectures new pupils labelled Philippines, Hawaii, Porto Rico and Cuba, drawn as ragged and sullen, while a blackboard reads that the U.S. "must… Content note: Racial caricatures of Filipino, Hawaiian, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Black, Native American and Chinese children. - ["Sous le soleil équatorial" (Le Petit Journal illustré, 6 July 1924)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/petit-journal-congo-ocean-railway-1924/): The colour cover of a Paris weekly shows African workers digging a railway cutting while two pith-helmeted engineers study a map, under the caption 'Sous… - ["Swear!"](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/swear-dry-and-klan-1923/): Kirby's recurring 'Mr. Dry', a top-hatted figure with an umbrella labelled 'Anti Saloon League' that stood for all prohibitionists, clasps hands with a… - ["The Aguinaldo Guard" (Puck, 1900)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/aguinaldo-guard-puck-1900/): Named American anti-imperialists are drawn as a ragged honour guard marching behind Emilio Aguinaldo, casting domestic opposition to the war as service… - ["The British Lion's Vengeance on the Bengal Tiger" (Punch, 1857)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/punch-british-lion-bengal-tiger-1857/): A maned lion leaps in from the left onto a tiger that crouches over the body of a woman with an infant in her arm. - ["The Feminine of Jekyll and Hyde" (Puck, 1913)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/puck-feminine-of-jekyll-and-hyde-1913/): Colour centrefold: a classically draped woman raises a huge yellow banner reading 'Woman Suffrage' while, directly below her, a wild-eyed, ragged… - ["The Good Shopper" (Empire Marketing Board)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/good-shopper-emb/): An Empire Marketing Board poster casts buying Empire-grown goods as an ordinary household virtue, folding a state advertising campaign into the persona… - ["The White Man's Burden (Apologies to Rudyard Kipling)" (Judge, 1899)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/white-mans-burden-judge-1899/): Uncle Sam and John Bull carry racially caricatured figures labelled the new colonial subjects up a hill marked civilization, borrowing the prestige of… Content note: Racial caricatures of colonised peoples carried in baskets. - ["Vote Yes for Woman Suffrage" poster stamp, New Jersey Next Campaign Committee (United States, 1915)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/new-jersey-next-vote-yes-suffrage-stamp-1915/): A colour poster stamp stuck on the campaign committee's envelope: a running rider in old-fashioned tricorn hat, knee breeches and cape, blowing a horn… - ["Vous l'aimez votre pays": Communist Party of Belgium election poster, Brussels](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/belgian-communist-votez-555-1968/): A Brussels hoarding carries a Communist Party of Belgium poster for the 31 March 1968 general election: 'You love it, your country', a young couple in… - ["We are woke to your PLANdemic" placard, Columbus, Ohio](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/plandemic-protest-sign-2020/): A hand-lettered placard at an anti-lockdown rally, five days after the video Plandemic appeared, renames the pandemic a 'PLANdemic' and refuses 'a Gates… - ["Yamato-damashii no gochisō" (Nihon banzai hyakusen hyakushō print, 1904)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/banzai-hyakusen-yamato-damashii-feast-1904/): Colour woodblock print under a red 'Nihon banzai' title cartouche: two trim Japanese soldiers serve shells and cartridges on a plate to two bloated… - ["Zmaga je naša!" Carinthian plebiscite leaflet (1920)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/zmaga-je-nasa-plebiscite-leaflet-1920/): A small text-only leaflet under the headline "Zmaga je naša!" (Victory is ours!) tells readers the Entente commission has set the Zone B vote for 31… - ["为革命实行计划生育" (Practise family planning for the revolution), Shanghai poster](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/family-planning-for-the-revolution-china-1975/): A smiling woman in a white apron stamped with the slogan 'Grasp revolution, promote production' holds a 'Family Planning Propaganda Handbook' and a… - ['#RussiaIsolated' Foreign & Commonwealth Office infographic](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/russia-isolated-fco-infographic-2014/): Tall blue infographic headed '#RussiaIsolated' and 'In numbers: the international support for Russia's position on Crimea'. - ['A Grã-Bretanha, Defensora da Liberdade' (British poster in Portuguese)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/britain-defender-of-liberty-portuguese-1942/): A painted view from above shows an RAF twin-engined aircraft and others over the government-offices quarter of Berlin, with bombs falling among buildings… - ['Allons-y... Canadiens!' (Canadian Department of National War Services)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/allons-y-canadiens-1941/): A young soldier with a fixed bayonet and a 'CANADA' shoulder title cries out in front of a large, backlit Union Jack. - ['Askari wetu washinda Wajapani / Smash the Japs!' (British poster for East Africa)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/askari-wetu-smash-the-japs-1939/): Five African soldiers in jungle kit rush and fire on Japanese troops, some of whom flee while others lie dead. Content note: Wartime racial slur ('Japs') in the slogan; depicts Japanese soldiers killed in combat. - ['Attention! The border with Poland is heavily guarded' (Polish Interior Ministry notice for migrants, Arabic)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/poland-mswia-notice-to-migrants-arabic-2021/): The Arabic-language version of a notice that Poland's Interior Ministry posted for migrants at the Belarusian border, reached by a text message sent to… - ['Bravery is in our DNA' Brave.ua panel, Berlin](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/brave-ua-bravery-in-our-dna-berlin-2023/): A large printed panel on a construction fence in Berlin: a blue field with the Ukrainian trident and the words 'Bravery is in our DNA' and 'brave.ua'… - ['Builders! The count is in minutes!' Sobyanin poster](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/sobyanin-builders-poster-2020/): Poster of Moscow mayor Sergei Sobyanin jabbing a finger straight at the viewer above the words 'Builders! - ['BUT if you continue to resist...' (Japanese leaflet to Australian troops)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/but-leaflet-australian-troops-1942/): The opened inner face of a folded surrender leaflet. Above a moonlit battlefield and a bloodied, dismembered Allied soldier it reads: 'BUT if you… Content note: Japanese leaflet showing a dead, dismembered soldier, with a sexual appeal in its text. - ['Buy Your Victory Bonds' Canadian Victory Loan poster](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/buy-your-victory-bonds-canada-1917/): A head-and-shoulders drawing of a helmeted soldier in a collar badge marked CANADA, glaring out with a pointing finger aimed at the viewer, over the… - ['Chávez vive' banners on the Centro Financiero Confinanzas, Caracas](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/chavez-vive-confinanzas-banners-2014/): Two tall banners on the unfinished Centro Financiero Confinanzas tower in Caracas spell CHÁVEZ VIVE ('Chávez lives'), one above a portrait of Hugo Chávez… - ['Core Socialist Values' billboard, Puding County, Guizhou](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/core-socialist-values-billboard-2020/): A red fan-shaped billboard in Puding County, Guizhou, lists the twelve Core Socialist Values (prosperity, democracy, civility, harmony, freedom… - ['Dangan kitte' (Bullet Stamps) war-savings lottery advertisement, back cover of Shashin Shūhō](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/dangan-kitte-shashin-shuho-1943/): The back cover of the government photo weekly Shashin Shūhō advertises 'dangan kitte', 2-yen war-savings stamps drawn as rifle bullets. - ['Deutsche! Wehrt Euch! Kauft nicht bei Juden!' (Germans! Defend yourselves! Don't buy from Jews!): SA and SS men post a boycott sign, Berlin](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/kauft-nicht-bei-juden-boycott-1933/): A uniformed SA man presses a large sign to a shop window while an SS man in cap and swastika armband stands beside him and a woman looks on. - ['Deutscher, hilf den Frieden erhalten' (German, help preserve peace): banner on a state farm, Petkus, East Germany](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/deutscher-hilf-den-frieden-erhalten-petkus-1950/): A painted board on the brick wall of a farm building reads 'Deutscher, hilf den Frieden erhalten, für die Welt ein besseres Leben gestalten.' The… - ['Dig for Victory' banner across the Royal Exchange, London, used as a Ministry of Information poster site](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/dig-for-victory-royal-exchange-banner-1940/): A long banner reading 'DIG FOR VICTORY' hangs between the columns of the Royal Exchange in the City of London, which the Ministry of Information used as… - ['Don't watch Russian! Russian kills!' Boycott Russian Cinema poster](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/russian-films-kill-boycott-poster-2014/): Black poster with a white film projector whose handle is an assault-rifle grip, throwing a beam in the Russian tricolour, under the Ukrainian words… - ['Gennady Rakitin,' an invented pro-war poet](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/rakitin-ai-persona-2023/): The AI-generated profile photo of 'Gennady Rakitin,' presented as a 49-year-old teacher and pro-war 'Z-poet' on the Russian network VKontakte from… - ['He's coming south. It's fight, work or perish' (Australian Department of Information)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/hes-coming-south-australia-1942/): A caricatured Japanese soldier with a submachine gun strides across a globe from a rising-sun flag, his boot poised over Australia. Content note: Racialised caricature of a Japanese soldier stepping on Australia. - ['Heroes of Z: Our cause is just' Russian Ministry of Defence poster](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/geroi-z-nashe-delo-pravoe-mod-poster-2022/): Poster from the Russian Ministry of Defence: a helmeted, masked soldier in profile with a rifle beside the words 'Heroes of Z: Our cause is just'. - ['Instructions to All Persons of Japanese Ancestry' (exclusion order posted in San Francisco)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/exclusion-order-japanese-ancestry-1942/): Posted beside an air-raid shelter notice, a U.S. Army civilian exclusion order instructs 'all persons of Japanese ancestry, both alien and non-alien' to… - ['Japan's pro-communist policy: let us smash it!' (日本의容共政策을粉碎하자): school banners at a rally, South Korea](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/smash-japans-yonggong-policy-rally-1955/): Uniformed students hold a long banner in mixed Chinese characters and Hangul reading 'Japan's pro-communist policy: let us smash it!', with the school… - ['Johnson Oorlogsmisdadiger' (Johnson, war criminal): placard at an anti-American demonstration, Amsterdam](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/johnson-oorlogsmisdadiger-banner-1968/): Marchers in Amsterdam carry a printed placard reading 'JOHNSON / [O]ORLOGSMISDADIGER' (Johnson, war criminal), with flags behind and mounted police… - ['Join us in a victory job' (Australian Department of National Service)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/join-us-in-a-victory-job-australia-1943/): Six smiling women in the uniforms of the women's services, in nursing dress and in munitions overalls, are lined up shoulder to shoulder under the… - ['Kiitos tov. Stalinille onnellisesta lapsuudesta!' (Thanks to Comrade Stalin for a happy childhood): banner over a hut door, Vidlitsa](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/kiitos-tov-stalinille-vidlitsa-1941/): A cloth banner hung over a log hut's open door reads 'Kiitos tov. Stalinille onnellisesta lapsuudesta!', the Finnish-language form of the Soviet slogan… - ['Let's preserve our native culture and language' Pushkin 'Constitution 2020' billboard](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/pushkin-constitution-2020-billboard-2020/): Roadside billboard in Yekaterinburg, 21 March 2020: a painted portrait of the poet Alexander Pushkin beside the words 'Let's preserve our native culture… - ['Liberte / Support Truck Drivers' banners on a truck at the 2022 Canadian convoy rally](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/freedom-rally-truck-banners-canada-2022/): A photograph of the rear of a red pickup carrying two printed panels headed 'LIBERTE' and 'Supportons nos camionneurs / Support truck drivers', flags… - ['Miners for Trump' rally poster (Internet Research Agency)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/miners-for-trump-ira-2016/): A 'Miners for Trump' rally poster reproduced in the Special Counsel's report. - ['Mission Accomplished' banner on USS Abraham Lincoln](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/mission-accomplished-banner-2003/): Sailors man the rails of USS Abraham Lincoln under the 'Mission Accomplished' banner that hung behind President George W. Bush on 1 May 2003, when he… - ['Mossadeq's Spy Service' (CIA-prepared propaganda text, Iran, 1953)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/cia-mossadeq-spy-service-1953/): A one-page English typescript written in the first person plural as if by ordinary Iranians ('many of us remember...'), accusing Prime Minister Mossadeq… - ['My Struggle!' by Adolf Hitler, the sculptor (British poster in Arabic)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/hitler-sculptor-swastika-arabic-1939/): Four photographs of dead civilians, among them children, are set inside the arms of a red swastika whose lower edge drips blood. Content note: Photographs of dead civilians, including children, arranged as a bleeding swastika. - ['No Way. You will not make Australia home' poster](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/no-way-operation-sovereign-borders-2013/): Australian Government poster from Operation Sovereign Borders: a small boat in a storm-dark sea beneath the words NO WAY, over a list of rules stating… - ['Russian Ads on Facebook' (House Intelligence Committee exhibit)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/ira-facebook-ads-hpsci-2018/): A page of the House Intelligence Committee's 2018 report reproducing Facebook pages that the Internet Research Agency ran while posing as American… - ['The Congress Cross or "Swastik"' (Pickings from the Hindi Punch, Bombay, February 1896)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/hindi-punch-congress-swastik-1896/): A young woman in a crown lettered 'Congress' receives from a bearded man, named in the caption as Mr. - ['The enemy intensifies information terrorism' (Ukraine CCD warning card)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/ccd-enemy-information-terrorism-card-2022/): A red social-media card from Ukraine's Centre for Countering Disinformation that reproduces two anonymous chain messages predicting mass missile strikes… - ['The trace of the Zionists in the Incident of Nine-eleven' khamenei.ir poster](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/khamenei-zionists-nine-eleven-poster-2018/): Square poster quoting Ayatollah Khamenei that, after the September 11 incident, 'to which there are countless indications of Zionists' involvement', they… - ['To New Zealand's Manhood' recruiting board manifesto](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/to-new-zealands-manhood-recruiting-board-1916/): A text-only government broadside in bold and small type, headed 'To New Zealand's Manhood. - ['Wer hatte recht?' ('Who was right?') (Allied leaflet to Germany)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/wer-hatte-recht-raf-leaflet-1943/): One printed sheet lays out dated quotations from Göring, Hitler, Goebbels and 'Dr. - ['What would you do?' Israel Defense Forces infographic](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/what-would-you-do-idf-infographic-2012/): An Israel Defense Forces social-media graphic from Operation Pillar of Defense: rockets fall across Sydney, New York, London and Paris landmarks beneath… - ['You will vote for Trump on Election Day or we will come after you' (Iranian 'Voter Threat Emails', DOJ indictment page)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/iran-voter-threat-emails-indictment-2020/): Page 5 of a 2021 U.S. indictment quoting in full the threatening email sent to registered Democrats in October 2020: 'We are in possession of all your… - ['Z #заПутина' LED billboard](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/z-za-putina-billboard-2022/): A portrait-format LED screen on a building shows a large white Z over a Russian-tricolour background with the hashtag #заПутина ('for Putin'). Content note: Pro-war 'Z' symbol supporting the Russian invasion of Ukraine; displaying it is restricted by law in some countries. - ['Zeitaku wa teki da!' (Luxury Is the Enemy!) street sign, Tokyo](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/luxury-is-the-enemy-sign-1940/): A street-side standing sign reading 'ぜいたくは敵だ!' ('Luxury is the enemy!'), with a 'Kōa Hōkō' ('serve the rise of Asia') banner beside it. - [...per la Patria i miei occhi! per la Pace il vostro denaro. Prestito Nazionale (For the Fatherland my eyes, for Peace your money)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/per-la-patria-i-miei-occhi-prestito-1918/): A standing Italian infantryman with blood-stained bandages over his eyes speaks the line 'for the Fatherland my eyes, for Peace your money', above the… - [1904 Meiji Japan Navy: Seventy-Seven Brave Soldiers Decide to Die](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/port-arthur-blockships-1904/): A commemorative print titled '1904 Meiji Japan Navy: Seventy-Seven Brave Soldiers Decide to Die' depicts the volunteer crews of Japan's Port Arthur… - [1953년 새해를 맞는 米帝 强占下의 南半部風景 (Scenes of the Southern Half under U.S. Imperialist Occupation, at the 1953 New Year)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/kpa-new-year-1953-south-scenes-leaflet-1953/): A four-panel Korean-language card under a 'January 1' 1953 calendar pairs captioned scenes of the South: bowed figures before a top-hatted caricature and… - [4 Minute Men: A Message from Washington](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/four-minute-men-message-from-washington-1917/): A town crier in a tricorn hat rings a handbell in front of Independence Hall beneath the words '4 Minute Men', with a card reading 'A Message from… - [? (The German Ogre), Norman Lindsay recruiting poster](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/question-mark-german-ogre-lindsay-1918/): A spiked-helmet ape-like ogre grips a globe in blood-red hands while blood runs from Europe across the map, beside a large question mark and no other… - [A diadalmas magyar és bolgár seregek egyesülése Kladovónál (The Union of the Victorious Hungarian and Bulgarian Armies at Kladovo), bilingual postcard](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/muhlbeck-kladovo-hungarian-bulgarian-postcard-1915/): Hungarian hussars in blue and Bulgarian cavalry in grey greet each other in the field, hats and sabres raised, a wrecked gun wheel in the foreground. - [A Frank Statement to Cigarette Smokers](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/frank-statement-1954/): A full-page newspaper advertisement from the major U.S. tobacco companies answers new studies linking smoking to lung cancer by stating that 'there is no… - [A nova espada que o governo pretende apresentar ao exército (The New Sword the Government Means to Present to the Army)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/nova-espada-revista-illustrada-1887/): A lithograph cartoon shows a crowned figure in imperial robes (identified as the Baron of Cotegipe) and two ministers pressing on an army marshal… Content note: A sabre ending in whip lashes (the emblem of slavery's punishment) offered to an army marshal by caricatured ministers. - [Aan de Nederl. Arbeidersklasse (SDAP and NVV manifesto calling a congress, Netherlands, November 1918)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/sdap-nvv-aan-de-arbeidersklasse-1918/): Front of a printed appeal signed by the Dutch Social Democratic Workers' Party and the trade-union federation, addressed 'to the Dutch working class' as… - [Abortion Action Week, May 1-6, 1972](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/abortion-action-week-1972/): A poster for a week of protests before Roe v. Wade shows marchers behind a banner reading "Women unite: abortion is our right!!" under the headline… - [Address 'Drive the occupiers out, drive these slaves out' to the residents of Ukrainian cities](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/zelenskyy-drive-out-slaves-address-2022/): President Zelenskyy in an olive shirt, seated at a desk with papers, desk phones and a green leather chair behind him, in the photograph the President's… - [Address announcing a 'special military operation'](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/special-military-operation-address-2022/): President Putin during the televised address that launched Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, which he called a 'special military operation' aimed… - [AI-generated image from the Springfield pet-eating claim](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/springfield-pets-ai-image-2024/): Content note: racist caricature. An AI-generated image of Donald Trump carrying two kittens away from two shirtless Black men, shared by pro-Trump… Content note: Racist caricature: an AI-generated image depicting Haitian immigrants as pet-eaters. - [AI-generated image of Donald Trump being arrested](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/trump-arrest-ai-images-2023/): One of a series of Midjourney images of Donald Trump being tackled by police, posted on Twitter by Bellingcat founder Eliot Higgins on 20 March 2023… - [AI-generated image of the Hollywood sign on fire](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/hollywood-sign-fire-ai-2025/): An AI-generated image of the Hollywood sign surrounded by flames, shared as breaking news on social media on 9 January 2025 while wildfires were burning… - [Al Frontón Condal: El Banquet de la Victoria (At the Frontón Condal), ¡Cu-Cut!](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/al-fronton-condal-cu-cut-1905/): A small cartoon of an army officer in plumed shako and braided tunic talking to a civilian outside a hall marked 'Frontón Condal', where crowds are… - [All the Ear-Marks of a Sneaky Jap!](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/all-the-earmarks-of-a-sneaky-jap-1943/): A giant ear drawn as the Japanese rising-sun flag hangs over a shipyard while one worker starts to talk about his section and another hushes him: 'Don't… Content note: Ethnic slur against Japanese people in the headline. - [Allen in de Nederlandsche Unie (All in the Netherlands Union)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/allen-in-de-nederlandsche-unie-1940/): A large photographic close-up of a weathered older man in a beret smiles under the headline 'Allen in de Nederlandsche Unie' (All in the Netherlands… - [America When Feminized](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/america-when-feminized-1920/): A broadside from the Southern Woman's League for Rejection of the Susan B. Anthony Amendment, Montgomery, Alabama, opens with a quotation attributed to… - [Americans All! Victory Liberty Loan](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/americans-all-1919/): A woman in a white gown, backed by the Stars and Stripes, raises a laurel wreath over an 'Honor Roll' of surnames: Du Bois, Smith, O'Brien, Cejka… - [Americans Will Always Fight for Liberty](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/americans-will-always-fight-for-liberty-1943/): Ragged Continental soldiers of '1778' under a starred flag stand beside helmeted GIs of '1943' marching past, over the line 'Americans will always fight… - [An Answer to Mark Twain (Brussels pamphlet cover, 1907)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/an-answer-to-mark-twain-1907/): An anonymous Brussels pamphlet cover answers Mark Twain's "King Leopold's Soliloquy" and E. D. Morel's campaign by drawing both men with tongues spelling… Content note: Caricature of Morel and Twain, and a burning village. - [An das arbeitende Volk der Schweiz! Aufruf zum Landesstreik (To the working people of Switzerland! Call for the general strike), 11 November 1918](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/landesstreik-aufruf-oltener-komitee-1918/): Front of a two-column flyer calling an indefinite general strike from midnight on 11 November 1918, with a nine-point minimum programme and separate… - [ANC Western Cape Poster: "DP + NNP Stole Your Homes" (c. 2001)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/anc-district-six-election-poster-2001/): A black-and-white election poster reads 'DP + NNP STOLE YOUR HOMES' over 'ANC GIVES DISTRICT 6 BACK', splitting the sheet into an accusation in the top… - [Apartheid Kills: Stop the Tour, Day of Shame (Wellington protest poster, 1981)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/apartheid-kills-stop-the-tour-wellington-1981/): A black-and-white protest poster over a dense silhouetted crowd of raised fists, headed 'APARTHEID KILLS' and 'STOP THE TOUR', that announces a 'day of… - [Armi della morte - armi per la vita! Sottoscrivete al prestito della vittoria (Weapons of death, weapons for life! Subscribe to the Victory Loan)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/armi-della-morte-prestito-1918/): An Italian loan poster shows two bare-chested smiths at a forge hammering a sword into a ploughshare, laurel branches at the foot, under the legend… - [As duas imprensas (The Two Presses)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/as-duas-imprensas-o-malho-1922/): On a Senate rostrum a grey-haired presiding figure raises a giant axe labelled 'Lei de Imprensa' while a woman with Justice's scales stands by and a… - [Attenti! il serpente tedesco è preso! (Attention! The German serpent is caught!)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/attenti-veleno-1919/): A hand clenches the neck of a serpent whose coils are patterned with Iron Crosses, blood dripping from its fangs, over the text 'Attention! Content note: Dehumanizing animal metaphor for Germans: a serpent marked with Iron Crosses, blood dripping from its fangs, gripped by a hand. - [Attention American Soldiers! I Cease Resistance (surrender pass, leaflet 17-J-1)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/i-cease-resistance-leaflet-1945/): A U.S. surrender pass for Japanese soldiers. The English, addressed to American troops, says the leaflet 'guarantees humane treatment to any Japanese… - [Auch die Geduld hat ein Ende (Even Patience Has an End), German-language leaflet for German soldiers](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/allied-leaflet-auch-die-geduld-hat-ein-ende-1918/): A small text-only sheet addressed 'Kameraden!' to German soldiers. It blames 'the rich', 'war profiteers' and the Hohenzollern for the war, redefines… - [Australia's imperishable record. Australians! The empire needs you (Farmer's, Sydney)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/australias-imperishable-record-1915/): A Union Jack drapes the top and left of a black panel that quotes a named senior officer, General Sir Ian Hamilton, on the Australian and New Zealand… - [Aux Femmes Françaises (To French Women) — government appeal, 6 August 1914](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/aux-femmes-francaises-viviani-1914/): A text-only official proclamation headed 'République Française' asks women, children and the elderly to bring in the harvest while men are at the front. - [Axis battledores (hagoita) and 'Axis young ladies': cover of Shashin Shūhō No. 151, Japan](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/axis-hagoita-shashin-shuho-1941/): The colour cover of the government photo weekly shows three young women in a garden, each holding a New Year hagoita (battledore) painted with a leader's… - [Azad Hind, English edition, front page (Syonan/Singapore, 1 February 1945)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/azad-hind-english-edition-1945/): Front page of the English edition of Azad Hind, dated 1 February 1945. - [Banania "y'a bon" (advertising poster, Paris, 1915)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/banania-y-a-bon-poster-1915/): Colour lithograph advertisement in which a broadly grinning soldier in the blue jacket, red-trimmed cuffs, red chechia and white trousers of a French… - [Bande Mataram (Lahore), commemorative page for Lala Lajpat Rai, 16 November 1929](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/bande-mataram-lahore-lajpat-rai-1929/): A three-colour front page dominated by a large engraved portrait of Lala Lajpat Rai, with a boxed Urdu elegy below headed 'Why should the death of Lajpat… - [Bande Mataram (Paris), memorial page to Madan Lal Dhingra, 17 August 1909](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/bande-mataram-paris-dhingra-memorial-1909/): Head of a sheet dated 17 August 1909 dedicated 'to the sacred and inspiring memory of the patriot Madan Lal Dhingra who died for his country', with an… - [Bangsa "Merdeka", Negara "Merdeka": Inilah Tudjuan Kita! (Free Nation, Free State: This Is Our Goal!)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/bangsa-merdeka-negara-merdeka-1948/): A stencilled purple-ink poster shows an armed soldier under the slogan 'Bangsa Merdeka, Negara Merdeka. Inilah tujuan kita! - [Barre Cult of Personality Mural](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/siad-barre-mural-1976/): A public mural fuses Maj. Gen. Mohamed Siad Barre's portrait directly into a giant Somali flag, with marching soldiers and warplanes streaming out of it… - [Bayeux Tapestry, scene 23: UBI HAROLD SACRAMENTVM FECIT VVILLELMO DVCI](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/bayeux-tapestry-harold-oath-to-william-1070/): An embroidered panel of the Bayeux Tapestry: Duke William, seated and pointing, watches Harold rest a hand on each of two reliquaries, while the titulus… - [Beat Back the Hun with Liberty Bonds](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/beat-back-the-hun-1918/): A bloody, ape-like caricature of a German soldier looms over a burning village, his handprint stamped in blood across the scene, under the single loaded… Content note: Dehumanizing caricature of Germans as an ape-like figure, and bloody imagery. - [Belajarlah! Pakailah! Bahasa Nippon! (Learn! Use! The Japanese Language!)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/belajarlah-pakailah-bahasa-nippon-1942/): A Malay youth in a songkok reads aloud from a book marked 'Nippon-go' while three smaller faces in a turban, a bun and a topknot fill the rays of light… - [Belgian Red Cross (donations poster, London)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/belgian-red-cross-buchel-1915/): A nurse with angel's wings and a Red Cross armband tends a wounded soldier in front of a huge black-yellow-red Belgian tricolour, under the title… - [Berliner Tageblatt, evening edition, 22 September 1914: "Der Brand der Kathedrale von Reims"](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/berliner-tageblatt-reims-cathedral-1914/): Front page of a Berlin daily under the lead headline "Das Vorrücken der deutschen Truppen" (The advance of the German troops). - [Bharat Mata (Mother India)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/bharat-mata-tagore-1905/): Abanindranath Tagore's 1905 painting personifies India as a four-armed, haloed woman in saffron robes, holding a manuscript, a garland, a bowl of grain… - [Bielschowitz 1-Mark plebiscite note: "Mörderbuben und Banditen" (Upper Silesia, 1921)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/bielschowitz-plebiscite-notgeld-1921/): Both faces of a 1-mark emergency note issued before the Upper Silesian plebiscite. - [Boletín nuevo: Noticias importantes (New Bulletin: Important News), Revolución del Parque](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/boletin-nuevo-revolucion-del-parque-1890/): A single-sheet news bulletin headed 'Boletin nuevo / Noticias importantes' and stamped 'Martes 29, 2 de la tarde' reports that the fleet is firing on the… - [Bonaparte, Premier Consul de la Republique Francaise: Revue du Quintidi (Boilly, Levachez, Duplessis-Bertaux)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/bonaparte-premier-consul-revue-du-quintidi-1802/): A colour aquatint pairs an oval bust of Bonaparte, in a gold-embroidered red coat and framed by the lettering 'Bonaparte Premier Consul de la Republique… - [Breisgauer Zeitung, Telegramme: "Die französische Armee geschlagen" (The French army beaten), August 1914](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/breisgauer-zeitung-franzoesische-armee-geschlagen-1914/): A single-sheet news extra under the masthead of a Freiburg daily. Its headline says the French army was beaten; the dispatch below reports one battle… - [Bronze sestertius of Gaius (Caligula), reverse S P Q R P P OB CIVES SERVATOS in an oak wreath](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/sestertius-caligula-ob-cives-servatos-0037/): A Roman bronze sestertius: the obverse shows the emperor's laureate head with his name and titles, the reverse a four-line legend inside an oak wreath. - [Bulgaren-Held (Bulgarian Hero)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/bulgaren-held-1915/): A Bulgarian soldier in field kit, bayonet in one hand and a cigarette in his mouth, stands under the words 'Bulgaren-Held' (Bulgarian hero) in an… - [Bỏ phiếu cho nhà cách mạng Ngô-Đình-Diệm (Vote for the Revolutionary Ngo Dinh Diem)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/vote-for-diem-revolutionary-1955/): A pink-paper poster prints a photograph of Ngo Dinh Diem walking among uniformed officers and straw-hatted villagers, with the line 'Vote for the… - [Calaveras: revelación de ultra tumba del espíritu de Francisco Villa (Skulls: Revelation from Beyond the Grave of the Spirit of Francisco Villa)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/calaveras-espiritu-de-villa-vanegas-arroyo-1923/): A commercial broadside of verse framed in a border of skeleton figures, headed 'Revelation from beyond the grave of the spirit of Francisco Villa'… - [Call for Freedom and Independence with Support for Saad and Safiya Zaghlul (al-Siyasa al-Musawwara)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/wafd-zaghlul-cartoon-siyasa-musawwara-1923/): A colour cartoon shows portraits of Saad Zaghlul (the 'esteemed president') and his wife Safiya (veiled, 'the esteemed president's wife') clasped by hand… - [Can I Afford to Pay for Freedom (Canadian Patriotic Fund)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/can-i-afford-canadian-patriotic-fund-1915/): A text-only poster in red and blue type sets 'Freedom' against 'Slavery' and Belgium's occupation against Canadian safety, then asks the reader to… - [Careless Talk Costs Lives: "...strictly between these four walls!"](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/careless-talk-four-walls-fougasse-1940/): One of Fougasse's eight cartoon posters for the Ministry of Information's national campaign against careless talk, launched in February 1940. - [Catania, Sicily: reading Allied news under U.S. and British flags, 1943](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/catania-allied-news-display-1943/): Sicilians in Catania study a pillar of Allied news photographs above U.S. and British flags, with a poster headed La Liberta in the window. - [Centenaire de l'Algérie, 1830-1930 (poster by Léon Cauvy)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/centenaire-algerie-cauvy-1929/): Colour poster for the 1930 centenary of French Algeria: a tricolour bearing an 'R F' monogram flies over Algiers harbour, where Algerian dockers and… - [Chile como el cuervo de la fábula (Chile as the Raven of the Fable)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/chile-como-el-cuervo-de-la-fabula-caras-y-caretas-1901/): A large bird of prey perches on a rock above a stretch of ground lettered 'Argentina', a cheese-shaped slab in its beak marked 'Tacna Arica'. - [China Fights On](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/china-fights-on-united-china-relief-1943/): A young Chinese soldier with the Nationalist white-sun cap badge gazes upward at formations of aircraft, one marked with the Chinese roundel, above the… - [Chúng tôi đã rời bỏ hàng ngũ V.C... Các bạn còn chần chờ gì nữa? (We Left the VC Ranks... What Are You Still Waiting For?)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/chieu-hoi-reunion-spring-1967/): A 1967 Chieu Hoi poster (code SP-1805) prints 96 passport-style photographs of named ralliers, each with village, district, former role (most are village… - [Civil rights March on Washington, D.C.](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/march-on-washington-reflecting-pool-1963/): Warren K. Leffler's view from the Lincoln Memorial on 28 August 1963 shows the crowd of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom filling both sides… - [Coalition leaflet warning Iraqi units not to use weapons of mass destruction](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/iraq-leaflet-do-not-use-wmd-2003/): Both faces of a Coalition leaflet in English and Arabic: a line of gas-masked soldiers before a fireball and a biohazard sign under the words 'Do not use… Content note: Wartime leaflet showing gas-masked soldiers, an explosion and a biohazard sign, with a threat of retribution. - [Cold-Blooded Murder! Remember Germany's Crowning Infamy](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/cold-blooded-murder-1915/): A text-only recruiting poster that leads with the Lusitania sinking, then lists eight charges beginning 'Germans have', from murdered civilians and gas… - [Come & See the Palestine Exhibition, Vienna (XIV Zionist Congress poster)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/palestine-exhibition-zionist-congress-1925/): A trilingual (English, Hebrew, German) poster invites visitors to a Palestine Exhibition held during the XIV Zionist Congress in Vienna, 18 to 31 August… - [Consult of the doctors on the grave illness of the Grand Sultan (Consult vande medicijnen inde swaere siekte vanden grooten Sultaen)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/consult-of-the-doctors-sick-sultan-antwerp-1683/): An etched allegory of the Ottoman defeat at Vienna: a sick sultan lies in a canopied bed while nine 'doctors', each labelled as a state (Lorraine… - [Crowd at the Arkansas State Capitol protesting school integration, with signs reading "Race mixing is Communism," Little Rock, Arkansas](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/race-mixing-is-communism-1959/): A speaker addresses a crowd at the Arkansas State Capitol on 20 August 1959 at a rally against the integration of Little Rock's schools. - [Cuba's Heroes and Their Flag: Souvenir Lithograph of the Grand Cuban-American Fair](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/cubas-heroes-and-their-flag-1896/): A souvenir lithograph groups portraits of five leaders of the Cuban insurgency, with José Martí at centre captioned 'Father of the Revolution', around… - [Daddy, what did YOU do in the Great War?](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/daddy-what-did-you-do-1915/): A father in a civilian suit sits in an armchair after the war, hand at his chin, while his daughter, a book open on her lap, asks the title question and… - [Das ganze Deutschland soll es sein. Haut sie auf den Chassepot! (German broadsheet song and caricature, Franco-Prussian War)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/das-ganze-deutschland-soll-es-sein-chassepot-1870/): A German broadsheet pairs a six-stanza marching song with a lithograph of six German states, labelled Hessen, Baden, Sachsen, Wurttemberg, Bayern and… - [Das ist der Weg zum Frieden, die Feinde wollen es so! Darum zeichne Kriegsanleihe! (That Is the Way to Peace, the Enemies Want It So! Therefore Subscribe to the War Loan!)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/weg-zum-frieden-1917/): An armoured, spiked fist fills the frame above the words 'That is the way to peace, the enemies want it so!' 'Peace' is offered as the goal with no terms… - [Das sind die Feinde der Demokratie! Hinweg damit! (These Are the Enemies of Democracy! Away with Them!)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/spd-feinde-der-demokratie-1930/): Three dark figures loom over the slogan: a man in a cap with a red star, a hooded man in a swastika cap raising a dagger, and a skull-faced man in a… - [De politieke heksenkeuken (The Political Witches' Kitchen)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/politieke-heksenkeuken-1901/): Two old women in dark cloaks, captioned as Dr. Kuyper and Dr. Schaepman, stoke a fire under a cauldron marked '2e Kamer' (Second Chamber), from which… - [Der neue Dreibund (The New Triple Alliance): postcard](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/der-neue-dreibund-postcard-1915/): Sepia postcard with oval portraits of Wilhelm II, Franz Joseph I and the Ottoman sultan Mehmed V, each under a crest, around an Iron Cross marked 'W… - [Der Warner (broadsheet lampoon on the Jesuits after Breitenfeld and Rain)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/der-warner-anti-jesuit-broadsheet-1632/): A single-sheet broadsheet shows a plumed, pointing 'Warner' above a Protestant camp and town, with a two-column German rhyme in his voice: he claims to… - [Desert Storm surrender leaflets (CIA museum display)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/cia-desert-storm-surrender-leaflets-1991/): A framed CIA display of Desert Storm surrender leaflets: cartoon panels of aircraft bombing an airfield and a tank column, a bomb marked 'Warning,' a… - [Destroy This Mad Brute — Enlist](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/destroy-this-mad-brute-1917/): A rampaging ape wearing a German 'militarism' helmet carries off a half-naked woman while stomping onto American shores holding a club labeled 'kultur.'… Content note: Dehumanizing caricature of Germans as an ape, implied sexual violence and partial nudity. - [Deutsche Mütter, schützt Eure Kinder vor der Tuberkulose (German Mothers, Protect Your Children from Tuberculosis)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/deutsche-mutter-tuberkulose-1906/): A dark portrait of a mother holding a small child sits under a headline addressed to 'German mothers' that calls tuberculosis 'the worst enemy of public… - [Diagrams of the resettlement work, plate 66 of the Atlas of Asiatic Russia (1914)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/russia-resettlement-diagrams-plate-66-1914/): A colour plate of pictograms: gold coins stamped with the imperial double-headed eagle grow in size for credits from 1906 to 1912, green squares show… - [Die beste Sparkasse: Kriegsanleihe! (The Best Savings Bank: War Loan!)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/beste-sparkasse-kriegsanleihe-1917/): A hand holds out an upturned steel helmet into which banknotes are falling, over the line 'The best savings bank: war loan!' The superlative comes with… - [Die erste Million (The First Million), British balloon leaflet A.P. 74](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/british-balloon-leaflet-die-erste-million-1918/): An American soldier carries the Stars and Stripes at the head of a column that runs back through marching ranks and transports to the Statue of Liberty… - [Die Fahnen flattern hoch im Wind! (The Flags Flutter High in the Wind!)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/die-fahnen-flattern-1917/): German soldiers charge under a mass of banners, among them a flag bearing a crescent that the Library of Congress catalogue reads as probably Ottoman. - [Die neuen Steuern: Restlose Ausplünderung des Proletariats! (The New Taxes: Total Plundering of the Proletariat!)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/kpd-die-neuen-steuern-1924/): A bound worker in red kneels while a priest, two men in top hats, a man in a feathered hat and two men in caps marked 'SPD' rifle him and reach for a… - [Do broni! Wszyscy na front! (To Arms! Everyone to the Front!)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/do-broni-poland-1920/): A Polish recruiting poster shows a soldier in an Adrian-pattern helmet lunging forward with a fixed bayonet beneath the command 'To Arms! - [Don't Let That Shadow Touch Them: Buy War Bonds](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/dont-let-that-shadow-touch-them-1942/): Three children play on a lawn, a boy with a toy warplane, a toddler with a paper hat and a flag, and a girl with a doll, while a large dark shadow in the… - [Eesti rahwas, hoia kokku! (Estonian people, hold together!): Rahvarinne election leaflet](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/eesti-rahvas-hoia-kokku-rahvarinne-1938/): A blackletter Estonian handbill for the 1938 Riigivolikogu election tells voters to 'hold together', not to 'split your votes', and to vote only for… - [Ein Volk, ein Führer, ein Ja (One People, One Leader, One Yes)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/ein-volk-ein-fuehrer-ein-ja-1933/): A banner several storeys high on Berlin's Voßstraße for the single-list Reichstag election and referendum of 12 November 1933 reads 'One people, one… - [Ejército Constitucionalista de México: billete de cinco pesos (Constitutionalist Army of Mexico: Five-Peso Note)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/constitucionalista-cinco-pesos-1914/): Obverse of a green five-peso note dated Chihuahua, 30 March 1914, issued in the name of the Constitutionalist Army. - [El soldado de Cuba: —¡Ven tú, cobarde! (The Soldier of Cuba: 'Come here, you coward!')](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/el-soldado-de-cuba-blanco-y-negro-1898/): A Spanish soldier on a Cuban shore shouts 'Come here, you coward!' across the water at Uncle Sam, who stands before the Capitol holding out a long pole… Content note: Caricature of Cuban insurgents as tiny, dark-faced figures carried on a pole and in a basket by Uncle Sam. - [Emprunt de la Libération: on souscrit à la Banque d'Alsace et de Lorraine (Hansi, 1918)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/banque-alsace-lorraine-emprunt-liberation-hansi-1918/): Colour lithograph poster from a bank inviting subscriptions to the 1918 'Loan of Liberation': French soldiers with drums march into Strasbourg between… - [En posesión de su presa (In Possession of Its Prey)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/en-posesion-de-su-presa-el-diablo-1894/): A large lion labelled 'Inglaterra' lies with one paw on a woman in a sash marked 'Venezuela', who is sprawled on the ground; a sword lettered 'Crespo'… - [Enlist](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/enlist-lusitania-1915/): A mother holding an infant sinks through dark green water, eyes closed, a trail of bubbles rising from her hair, above the single word 'Enlist.' The… Content note: A mother and infant drowning in the Lusitania sinking. - [Entre um ministro e um larapio (Between a Minister and a Pilferer), Os Pontos nos ii](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/entre-um-ministro-e-um-larapio-1889/): A full-page cartoon of a stout, top-hatted John Bull with a slip marked 'NOTE' at his mouth, gripping the raised fist of a bearded minister in a bicorne… - [Ersatzmittel-Ausstellung, Wien, 1918 (Exhibition of Substitute Materials, Vienna, 1918)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/ersatzmittel-ausstellung-wien-1918/): A chemist rises from a smoke cloud above a factory island ringed by warships, holding a test tube over a flame, inside a sunburst and a halo-like arch… - [Exit Liberté a la Francois! or Buonaparte closing the Farce of Egalité, at St. Cloud (James Gillray)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/exit-liberte-buonaparte-gillray-1799/): A hand-coloured etching published eleven days after the 18 Brumaire coup shows Bonaparte and his grenadiers clearing the Council of Five Hundred from the… - [Exposition coloniale, Marseille 1922 (Colonial Exhibition, Marseille 1922), poster by Leonetto Cappiello](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/exposition-coloniale-marseille-cappiello-1922/): A laurel-crowned woman in white, blue and red draperies, an olive sprig in her hand, stands with raised arms above figures in varied non-European dress… - [Fegyverbe! Fegyverbe! (To Arms! To Arms!)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/fegyverbe-hungarian-soviet-1919/): A Hungarian Soviet Republic poster fills the frame with a shouting soldier in a red-banded cap, one clenched fist raised and the other hauling a huge red… - [Fidèles compagnons du buveur : Misère & Mort (The Drinker's Faithful Companions: Misery and Death)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/misere-et-mort-anti-alcohol-1905/): At a Paris cafe table under a 'Taverne, Brasserie' awning, with the Moulin Rouge behind, a drinker holding a glass sits between a gaunt figure and a… - [Freedom-Gram: Help Truth Fight Communism](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/freedom-gram-1952/): A fundraising mailer for Radio Free Europe asks Americans to sign a 'Freedom-Gram' stating 'I am one of millions of American citizens who has voluntarily… - [FRIEDENSVERTRAG: East Berlin street board on a German peace treaty](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/gdr-friedensvertrag-board-1961/): A freestanding street board on East Berlin's Unter den Linden pairs the word FRIEDENSVERTRAG (peace treaty) with a cartoon of a pot-bellied figure… Content note: Cartoon caricature of a West German militarist figure marked with SS runes and an Iron Cross mace. - [Frontispiece to Eikon Basilike, The Pourtraicture of His Sacred Majestie in his Solitudes and Sufferings (Hollar, 1649)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/eikon-basilike-frontispiece-hollar-1649/): A two-panel etching: on the left a palm hung with weights and a rock unmoved in a storm; on the right Charles I in ermine, kneeling, gripping a crown of… - [Gandhi spins while addressing a crowd (1930)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/gandhi-spinning-1930/): Gandhi spins khadi by hand on a raised platform while addressing a crowd during the 1930 Civil Disobedience movement, performing the boycott's own… - [Gee!! I Wish I Were a Man, I'd Join the Navy](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/gee-i-wish-i-were-a-man-1917/): A smiling young woman in a Navy petty officer's jumper and cap says 'Gee!! I wish I were a man, I'd join the Navy,' above the line 'Be a man and do it.'… - [Gemeinschaftsempfang der Rede des Führers (communal listening to the Führer's speech): shop notice](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/gemeinschaftsempfang-communal-listening-1935/): A notice in a shop door reads: 'On the occasion of the communal reception of the Führer's speech there will be a sales break from 16 to 17 hours.'… - [Give Freedom to the Captive Nations! Fight Communism!](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/crusade-for-freedom-stamp-1951/): A donor stamp from the Crusade for Freedom sets a sunlit skyline of church spires, a synagogue's Star of David, a minaret, onion domes and a pagoda above… - [Gold coin of Kanishka: King of Kings legend, king at the altar, deity Oesho](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/gold-dinar-kanishka-king-of-kings-0130/): A Kushan gold coin: the obverse shows the king standing at a small fire altar under a legend in Greek letters that reads King of Kings, Kanishka the… - [Gold gab ich zur Wehr, Eisen nahm ich zur Ehr (I Gave Gold for Defence, I Took Iron for Honour)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/gold-gab-ich-zur-wehr-1916/): A kneeling woman in black silhouette, framed like a commemorative medal, holds out a gold chain under the rhyme 'I gave gold for defence, I took iron for… - [Gold solidus of Constantine I, reverse RESTITVTORI LIBERTATIS](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/solidus-constantine-i-restitutori-libertatis-0313/): A Roman gold solidus: the obverse is the laureate portrait of Constantine, the reverse a standing emperor in military dress facing a seated helmeted… - [Gold solidus of Justinian I, reverse VICTORIA AVGGG with Victory holding a Christogram staff](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/solidus-justinian-i-victoria-avggg-0538/): A gold solidus: the obverse is the emperor's frontal helmeted bust holding a cross-topped orb, the reverse a winged Victory carrying a staff topped with… - [Guerra Vaccino-Obrigateza! (Compulsory-Vaccination War!), O Malho cartoon](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/guerra-vaccino-obrigateza-o-malho-1904/): A colour cartoon shows a street battle: a column of soldier-nurses in Red Cross caps, led by a moustached commander with a lancet, wheels forward… - [Halt the Hun! Buy U.S. Government Bonds, Third Liberty Loan](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/halt-the-hun-1918/): Against a wall of flame, an American soldier grips the shoulder of a German soldier in a spiked helmet who holds a bayoneted rifle and has seized a… Content note: "Hun" epithet for Germans, and a German soldier seizing a half-clothed woman holding a child, implying sexual assault. - [Halâskârân-ı İslâm (Saviours of Islam): National Struggle poster of Mustafa Kemal and fourteen commanders](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/halaskaran-i-islam-national-struggle-poster-1921/): A colour lithograph under the banner 'Halâskârân-ı İslâm' shows a woman draped in a crescent-and-star flag, dagger in hand, pointing to a map labelled… - [Have You Any Women-Folk Worth Defending? Remember the Women of Belgium. Join To-Day](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/women-folk-worth-defending-1915/): A young woman in a green shawl looks out from a white circle under the question 'Have you any women-folk worth defending?' The words 'Remember the women… - [He Can't Put It Out](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/he-cant-put-it-out-1917/): A heavy man in a top hat, labelled 'Liquor Interests', flees from a towering lit firecracker labelled 'Public Indignation'. - [He needs a mind of his own ... he needs Radio Free Europe](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/rfe-mind-of-his-own-1970/): A transit advertisement pairs a solemn child's face, a chain and a padlock wrapped round his head with "He needs a mind of his own" and "He needs Radio… - [He's Watching You](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/hes-watching-you/): A menacing, disembodied German helmet and eyes loom over the phrase 'He's watching you,' with no context, unit, or evidence given for the claim of… - [Helft uns siegen! Zeichnet die Kriegsanleihe (Help Us Win! Subscribe to the War Loan)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/helft-uns-siegen-1917/): A steel-helmeted German infantryman stares out of the frame beneath the imperative 'Help us win!' The soldier's exhausted resolve is transferred onto the… - [Himmler-head forgery of the 6-pfennig Deutsches Reich stamp](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/himmler-stamp-forgery-1943/): A British forgery of the violet 6-pfennig Hitler-head definitive with Heinrich Himmler's face in place of Hitler's, shown here in its two printings… - [Homeland Security Advisory System threat-level chart](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/homeland-security-advisory-system-2002/): A five-color scale (green through red) communicated a national terrorism threat level to the public from 2002 to 2011, with no attached base rate and… - [Homenagem da Revista Illustrada aos gloriosos vencedores de Canudos (Tribute of the Revista Illustrada to the Glorious Victors of Canudos)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/homenagem-vencedores-de-canudos-revista-illustrada-1897/): A bust portrait of a uniformed general in epaulettes sits inside a wreath of laurel and flowers while a robed allegorical woman in a Phrygian cap sweeps… - [Human Sterilization Today](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/human-sterilization-today-1938/): First page of a 1938 pamphlet from a private California foundation promoting eugenic sterilization. Content note: Pro-sterilisation pamphlet using "insane and feebleminded" for patients, with a disparaging remark about Catholics. - [Hurban, Hodzsa es Stur szemelyes leirasuk (wanted notice for the Slovak uprising leaders, Hungarian, German and Slovak)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/hurban-hodzsa-stur-wanted-notice-beniczky-1848/): A trilingual (Hungarian, German, Slovak) broadside gives physical descriptions of the Slovak national leaders Hurban, Hodzsa and Stur and offers 100… - [I vy občané, vzhůru do boje! Upisujte 7. válečnou půjčku! (You too, citizens, on to the fight! Subscribe to the 7th War Loan!)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/i-vy-obcane-1917/): A grey-bearded civilian holding a loan certificate stamped with the imperial eagle stands shoulder to shoulder with a decorated infantryman, under the… - [I Want You for U.S. Army](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/i-want-you-for-us-army-1917/): Uncle Sam, in a star-banded top hat and framed in red, white and blue, points straight out at the viewer under the words 'I Want You for U.S. Army.' The… - [I.W.W. Hat Card](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/iww-bread-or-revolution-1914/): A man at an IWW rally for the unemployed in Union Square, New York, wears a hat card reading 'Bread or revolution'. - [Ik val aan... volgt mij (I attack... follow me)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/ik-val-aan-volgt-mij-1945/): A large portrait of a naval officer in a white cap rises above burning warships and a shell-splash, on a red-white-blue field. - [Illustration of the Issuing of the State Constitution in the State Chamber of the New Imperial Palace (憲法發布式之圖)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/constitution-promulgation-adachi-ginko-1889/): A nishiki-e triptych dated March 1889 shows the promulgation of the Meiji Constitution in the palace's main hall: Emperor Meiji stands beside the throne… - [Ils assassinent ! Enveloppés dans les plis de notre drapeau (They murder! Wrapped in the folds of our flag)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/ils-assassinent-vichy-1941/): A gunman with caricatured features fires from inside the white and red folds of a tricolour, while a larger figure in a red-star cap looms behind him… - [India's Martyrs (Ghadar Party handbill, San Francisco, 1916)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/ghadar-indias-martyrs-handbill-1916/): Ten head-and-shoulders portraits in a grid under the heading 'INDIA'S MARTYRS', with one footnote saying the ten are 'among the 400 who have been hanged… - [Invest a "Truth Dollar" in Radio Free Europe](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/truth-dollar-1954/): A Crusade for Freedom advertisement asks Americans to 'Invest a "Truth Dollar" in Radio Free Europe', with George Washington's portrait framed like a… - [Ireland & Poland (recruiting appeal quoting the Rev. William P. Burke)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/ireland-and-poland-1915/): A text-only Irish recruiting poster headed 'Ireland & Poland' reprints a clergyman's speech: Germany has 'uprooted some 25,000 Polish farmers', Britain… - [Ireland's Solemn League and Covenant: A National Pledge (anti-conscription, 1918)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/irelands-national-pledge-1918/): A printed pledge form in Celtic-knot borders, headed 'Ireland's Solemn League and Covenant', with blanks for name, address and date. - [Irrévocablement. Ouverture 15 avril. Marseille. Exposition coloniale (1906)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/marseille-exposition-coloniale-irrevocablement-1906/): Colour poster for the 1906 Marseille colonial exhibition: a robed West African man, a white-turbaned North African, a smaller Asian face and a… - [Is Ireland a part of England? Vote for Sinn Fein (Sinn Féin publicity sheet, 1918 general election)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/sinn-fein-election-poster-1918/): A text-only Sinn Féin publicity sheet asks 'Is Ireland a part of England?', quotes Captain D. D. Sheehan's words in the House of Commons about the… - [Japanese leaflet for India in Hindi and Bengali: Allied leaders pull an Indian (1943)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/japanese-leaflet-india-tug-of-war-1943/): Colour leaflet with a Hindi and a Bengali text. A turbaned Indian stands with folded arms while caricatured Allied leaders tug at him (one holds a yellow… - [John Bull chamber pot (Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro, Caldas da Rainha)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/john-bull-potty-bordalo-1890/): A glazed red-clay chamber pot modelled as a stout, scowling John Bull with clenched fists and a striped waistcoat moulded with the words JOHN BULL, so… Content note: A chamber pot modelled as the personified figure of Britain (John Bull). - [Kalem cartoon of Abdulhamid II and his secretary ("Il y a mis du temps, mais il a compris")](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/kalem-abdulhamid-severed-head-cartoon-1909/): A full-page cartoon from the Istanbul satirical weekly Kalem shows Sultan Abdulhamid II slumped in an armchair beneath a framed picture of a severed head… - [Karl Goetz "Lusitania" medal (Germany, 1915)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/goetz-lusitania-medal-1915/): Both faces of a cast-iron medal: one shows the liner sinking under the legend "Keine Bannware" and a dated caption, the other shows a skeleton selling… Content note: German satirical medal showing a sinking passenger liner and Death selling tickets, made after the 1915 sinking that killed over 1,100 people. - [Keep Calm and Carry On](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/keep-calm-and-carry-on-1939/): The third of the Ministry of Information's three 1939 'Home Publicity' posters, designed between 27 June and 6 July 1939 and printed in almost 2.5… - [Kenya Government Surrender Pass for Mau Mau Fighters (1955)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/kenya-mau-mau-surrender-pass-1955/): A red safe-conduct pass headed 'Mwigito wa Kwihonokia Ukineana' carries the same offer in English, Kikuyu and Swahili: the bearer wishes to surrender and… - [Kolonial-Ausstellung, Gruppe XXIII, Berliner Gewerbe-Ausstellung 1896](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/berlin-kolonialausstellung-plakat-1896/): Colour poster for the colonial section of the 1896 Berlin trade exhibition: a barefoot, turbaned African man in a wrap holds a spear in one hand and a… - [Kolonial-Krieger-Spende. von Lettow-Vorbeck (Colonial Servicemen's Fund)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/kolonial-krieger-spende-lettow-vorbeck-1918/): A German fundraising poster for a colonial servicemen's fund shows General Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck upright on a black horse in slouch hat and tunic, with… - [Kreuzburg O.S. 25-pfennig note: "97% für Deutschland!" (Upper Silesia, 1921)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/kreuzburg-97-percent-notgeld-1921/): Both faces of a municipal emergency note. The front has the town arms and the issuing terms; the back shows two bells ringing out "97% für Deutschland!"… - [Kriegs-ABC (German children's war alphabet, letters A and B, 1915)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/kriegs-abc-hachez-glaser-1915/): Inside page of a rhymed picture alphabet for children. For A, a German eagle on a crag is circled by carrion birds, in a verse that calls those circling… - [Kriegsfürsorge für die türkischen Truppen in Galizien (War Welfare for the Turkish Troops in Galicia)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/kriegsfuersorge-tuerkische-truppen-galizien-1916/): Bilingual German and Ottoman Turkish poster: an Austro-Hungarian and an Ottoman soldier shake hands before a rising sun, with a minaret skyline behind… - [L'Homme a la boule (Draner), French caricature of a Prussian leader on a globe](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/lhomme-a-la-boule-draner-1870/): A full-page caricature by Draner shows a moustached figure with an oversized head and a spindly body in a spiked helmet with a Prussian eagle, teetering… - [La fin de la guerre anglo-boer ou Donnant donnant (Alfred Le Petit, Le Grelot)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/fin-de-la-guerre-anglo-boer-le-grelot-1902/): Alfred Le Petit's cartoon shows a crowned, goggle-eyed Edward VII grasping a sack marked 1.250.000 f while two grotesque figures reach out their hands… - [La paix de l'ennemi (Peace on the Enemy's Terms)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/la-paix-de-lennemi-prouve-1918/): A spiked-helmet Kaiser tramples a prone man and thrusts a 'Traité de Paix' at a kneeling woman while a dagger points at her; the printed text lists what… - [La paz según el Perú – La paz según los chilenos (Peace According to Peru, Peace According to the Chileans)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/la-paz-segun-el-peru-el-banquillo-1880/): A Lima woodcut splits 'peace' in two: on the left a Peruvian soldier with a flag stands by a cannon and shot, on the right a Chilean soldier in a boat… - [La vuelta del desterrado (The Return of the Exile)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/la-vuelta-del-desterrado-vanegas-arroyo-1911/): A broadside prints a full-length portrait of General Porfirio Díaz in uniform and medals beside a news-style column reporting that his friends want the… - [Laissez-Passer of the People's Republic of the Congo, Stanleyville (1964)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/stanleyville-laissez-passer-lumumba-1964/): The opened travel pass of a rebel administration carries the printed title 'Laissez-Passer', a star-and-shield emblem, and on the facing page a portrait… - [Le Traître: Dégradation d'Alfred Dreyfus (The Traitor: Degradation of Alfred Dreyfus), Le Petit Journal, 13 January 1895](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/le-traitre-petit-journal-dreyfus-1895/): Cover of a mass-circulation illustrated weekly showing the public military degradation of Captain Alfred Dreyfus in the courtyard of the Ecole militaire… - [Les communistes pris en flagrant délit de mensonge (The Communists Caught in the Act of Lying)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/communists-caught-lying-1952/): A U.S. government photo poster answering the 1952 germ-warfare charges, printed in French and at least eight Asian languages. - [Let's Fly This Flag: Everybody at Least 10 Percent in War Bonds](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/lets-fly-this-flag-1943/): A workplace poster ties raising a flag to a collective quota: everybody putting at least 10 percent of pay into war bonds. - [Locarno? Wählt deutschnational! (Locarno? Vote German National!)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/dnvp-locarno-waehlt-deutschnational-1928/): A giant, dark-faced soldier in a steel helmet with a fixed bayonet looms out of smoke over a Rhine valley of castle, vineyards and church spires, with a… - [London's Underground to Wembley (British Empire Exhibition poster)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/londons-underground-to-wembley-1924/): A dense pictorial plan of the 1924 British Empire Exhibition ground at Wembley: crowds pack the main entrance, the Palaces of Industry, Art and… - [Loose Lips Might Sink Ships](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/loose-lips-might-sink-ships/): A sinking, burning ship fills the frame under a slogan warning that idle conversation causes naval losses. - [Many Happy Returns - of the Gold to the Rightful Owners (Tom Browne, The Sketch)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/many-happy-returns-kruger-gold-1900/): Tom Browne's Sketch cartoon shows Paul Kruger, President of the South African Republic, as a stooped, bearded man in a top hat clutching a bulging money… - [Marche du Dom Quichotte moderne pour la deffence du Moulin des Abus (March of the Modern Don Quixote in Defence of the Mill of Abuses)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/dom-quichotte-moulin-des-abus-1791/): A hand-coloured print mocks the Prince de Condé's emigre army as a Don Quixote parade: Condé on a white horse, Mirabeau-Tonneau as Sancho Panza on a… - [Mariquita, Legionaria: Muñecos recortables no. 69 (Mariquita, Legionnaire: Cut-Out Dolls no. 69)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/mariquita-legionaria-paper-doll-1922/): A colour cut-out sheet for children: a smiling girl in Spanish Foreign Legion khaki, rifle at her side, holds by the hair the severed, dripping head of a… - [Matchbox label, Japanese wartime propaganda in Malay: "Tentoe dapat kemenangan" (Victory will surely be won), No. 3 (c. 1943)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/japanese-java-propaganda-matchbox-1943/): A cardboard matchbox printed in Malay with Japanese wartime propaganda. - [May Day parade satire: dollar-throne figure and 'US'-helmeted puppets, Budapest](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/budapest-mayday-dollar-throne-1953/): In Budapest's 1 May march a costumed group draws ribbons from a throne topped by a dollar-sign disc, where a top-hatted man in a striped costume sits, to… Content note: Costumed parade satire of the United States: a dollar-sign throne, striped costume and helmets marked 'US', some worn with dark full-face coverings. - [Mayakovsky, Советская азбука (Soviet Alphabet), letter Б (Moscow, 1919)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/mayakovsky-soviet-azbuka-1919/): Page for the letter Б in a rhymed picture alphabet for children. A lanky figure in a top hat and tails, whose body forms the initial letter, bolts away… - [Meany in Miami Beach with our union dues](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/plp-meany-miami-beach-union-dues-1971/): A poster shows a portly man in a hat and glasses, a cigarette in his mouth, looking into a wallet he holds, under the headline "Meany in Miami Beach with… - [Melati bedonbal-e shah-e khod (A Nation Following Its Shah): Pahlavi government poster](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/pro-shah-nation-follows-shah-1965/): Painted poster showing Mohammad Reza Shah in full-dress uniform walking beside a Persepolis relief of Achaemenid dignitaries, with flag-bearing crowds… - [Message to the 45th North Korean Division: Kim Il Sung as a marionette](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/eusak-kim-puppet-leaflet-45th-division-1951/): A Korean-language leaflet addressed to the 'People's Army comrades, 45th Division' shows a moustached figure with a hammer-and-sickle collar emblem… Content note: Wartime leaflet cartoon showing named North Korean and Soviet leaders as marionette and puppeteer, with a death warning. - [Mobile Production Facilities for Biological Agents (UN Security Council slide)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/powell-un-mobile-labs-2003/): A computer-rendered diagram of truck-mounted biological-weapons plants, shown to the UN Security Council six weeks before the invasion of Iraq. - [Mojrem-e Beynolmelali (International Criminal): khamenei.ir poster](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/khamenei-international-criminal-poster-2026/): Poster showing a figure in a dark suit with a U.S. flag lapel pin standing at a courtroom rail, with three case files labelled 'Slanders', 'Damages' and… - [Mr. John Dillon, M.P., on recruiting in Ireland. Join an Irish regiment to-day](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/john-dillon-on-recruiting-in-ireland-1915/): An all-text poster, without a picture, gives a named Irish Nationalist MP's words as its whole argument: enlisting is 'a patriotic act', and to say a… - [Muscovites at TASS Window No. 5, 'What Hitler Wants' (Chego Gitler khochet)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/what-hitler-wants-tass-window-1941/): A crowd, a Red Army officer among them, reads TASS Window No. 5 in a shop window on Kuznetsky Most in Moscow, weeks after the German invasion. Content note: Caricature of Hitler with a swastika. - [Máquinas para fabricar yankées (Machines for Manufacturing Yankees)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/maquinas-para-fabricar-yankees-blanco-y-negro-1896/): A boiler-like machine plated 'Estados Unidos 1896' is fed from a hopper marked 'Cloaca' by pipes labelled sawdust, bacon, cork waste, filth, potato… - [Nachrichten für die Truppe, No. 358, 9 April 1945](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/nachrichten-fuer-die-truppe-1945/): A daily German-language newspaper for German soldiers, dropped from B-17s of the U.S. Eighth Air Force's leaflet squadron between April 1944 and May 1945. - [Nancy Reagan holds up a 'Just Say No' sign for press photographers](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/just-say-no-sign-ranch-1986/): On horseback at Rancho del Cielo, the Reagans' California ranch, Nancy Reagan holds up a hand-lettered 'Just Say No' sign for the press while President… - [Nanyang Brothers Tobacco advertisement: "Chinese people love Chinese goods" (Chinese Mail, Hong Kong, 1925)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/nanyang-brothers-tobacco-chinese-love-chinese-goods-1925/): Newspaper advertisement in which a tin and a loose cigarette marked 'Double Cross, 50 Cigarettes' sit against a background made entirely of one repeated… - [Nixon with the edited White House tape transcripts](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/nixon-edited-transcripts-1974/): President Nixon addresses the nation beside stacked binders of edited transcripts of his White House tapes, released in place of the recordings that the… - [Notice of Justice: Aguinaldo's decree of 3 August 1900 paying 'imperialist soldiers' for surrendered rifles](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/aguinaldo-decree-imperialist-soldiers-1900/): A handwritten English-language decree in Emilio Aguinaldo's name, mounted on a woven bamboo board and found hung on a fence on Panay, offers eighty… Content note: Wartime decree from the Philippine-American War calling US soldiers 'imperialist soldiers' and offering money for surrendered rifles. - [Now for a round-up](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/now-for-a-round-up-iww-1918/): Uncle Sam walks away from the Capitol, where a banner reads 'Sedition law passed', dragging a bundle of small figures labelled 'Spy', 'Traitor', 'IWW'… - [Nsala of Wala, with his daughter's hand and foot (1904)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/nsala-of-wala-1904/): Missionary photographer Alice Seeley Harris photographed Nsala of Wala seated beside the severed hand and foot of his five-year-old daughter, killed by… Content note: Photograph of a Congolese man beside the severed hand and foot of his five-year-old daughter. - [On les aura! 2e Emprunt de la Défense Nationale. Souscrivez (We'll get them! Second National Defence Loan. Subscribe)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/on-les-aura-1916/): A French infantryman, rifle in one hand, turns with his other arm raised and shouts 'On les aura!' ('We'll get them!') above a call to subscribe to the… - [Ondersoeckt de Geesten, ofse van den Duyvel syn, of niet (the De Witt brothers as devils)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/ondersoeckt-de-geesten-de-witt-devils-1672/): An etched broadsheet shows Johan and Cornelis de Witt flying through the air as winged, horned devils over a restless crowd, with the Prince of Orange… - [ORDER: safe-conduct pass of the Chinese People's Volunteers' Headquarters](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/cpv-safe-conduct-order-1951/): A bilingual (Chinese and English) surrender pass headed 'ORDER' tells the 'BEARER, regardless of his nationality or rank' of United Nations forces that… - [Oro alla Patria: handing in gold wedding rings in Milan, 1935](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/oro-alla-patria-milan-1935/): Men, women and a small girl queue to hand in gold at a collection desk in Milan during the Ethiopian war, under a poster reading "Date oro alla Patria"… - [Os "gigolôs" da Velha República (The "Gigolos" of the Old Republic)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/gigolos-da-velha-republica-careta-1930/): A rowboat under a pennant reading 'Exilados políticos' carries a crowd of men in dark suits weeping into handkerchiefs. - [Palazzo Braschi dressed for the 1934 plebiscite: rows of "SI" around the Duce](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/palazzo-braschi-si-1934/): For the single-list plebiscite of March 1934, the facade of Palazzo Braschi in Rome, seat of the Fascist Federation of Rome, was covered with a giant… - [Palestine Entangled by World Jewry (Falastin newspaper cartoon)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/falastin-palestine-entangled-world-jewry-1936/): A cartoon printed with a bilingual caption, 'Palestine entangled by World Jewry', draws an octopus marked with a Star of David wrapping its tentacles… - [Parlano di pace e nascondono il pugnale! (They Talk of Peace and Hide the Dagger!)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/parlano-di-pace-nascondono-il-pugnale-borilli-1918/): A grinning, stooped soldier in a field-grey uniform holds out a sheet marked 'Chiacchiere di pace' (peace chatter) while a dagger is hidden behind his… - [Partido Socialista posters on a Lisbon building front, early 1975](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/partido-socialista-posters-lisbon-1975/): A Lisbon building front pasted with red 'Partido Socialista' posters, several copies of a raised-fist emblem under 'Pela liberdade e unidade dos… - [Passional Christi und Antichristi: the emperor kisses the pope's foot (leaf 'Antichristus')](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/passional-christi-antichristi-emperor-kisses-pope-1521/): A woodcut leaf from the Passional Christi und Antichristi shows a crowned emperor kneeling to kiss the foot of an enthroned, blessing pope while… - [Payam: Ay Iraniyan (Message: O Iranians): Iraqi armed forces notice with image of Imam Ali](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/iraq-notice-to-iranians-imam-ali-1980/): Persian-language leaflet addressed to Iranian troops, with a portrait captioned as Imam Ali beside the text. - [Peace, Little Girl ("Daisy")](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/daisy-ad-1964/): A frame from the 1964 Johnson campaign ad. A girl counts petals as she pulls them from a daisy; a man's voice counts down and the picture cuts to a… - [Pears' Soap: "The first step towards lightening the White Man's Burden" (Cosmopolitan advertisement, 1899)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/pears-soap-white-mans-burden-1899/): Full-page magazine advertisement in which a white-uniformed naval officer washes his hands at a shipboard basin, framed by warships and a quay stacked… - [Pershing Says: The S.O.S. Shares the Success With Us](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/pershing-says-sos-1918/): A morale poster for AEF supply personnel quotes General John J. Pershing by name, thanking the Services of Supply for its 'prompt response' to every… - [Pershing's Crusaders](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/pershings-crusaders-1918/): General John J. Pershing rides at the head of American troops under the Stars and Stripes while ghostly medieval knights with red-cross shields ride… - [Portugal e a Gran Bretanha apertam as suas mãos de antigos aliados (Portugal and Great Britain Clasp Hands, Old Allies)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/portugal-e-a-gran-bretanha-postcard-1917/): A colour postcard in which a British and a Portuguese soldier in pith helmets shake hands between massed Union Jacks on the left and a large Portuguese… - [Pražané! (Praguers!): leaflet from the first days of the 1968 occupation](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/prazane-leaflet-prague-1968/): A single-page Czech leaflet headed 'Praguers!' that calls on readers to 'hold out, inform, ... wait for our president' and protest, and marks 'the 4th… - [President Bush holds up a bag of crack in the Oval Office](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/bush-crack-bag-address-1989/): President George H. W. Bush holds up a bag of crack cocaine during his first prime-time Oval Office address, 5 September 1989, saying it had been seized… - [President Johnson's Gulf of Tonkin 'Midnight Address'](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/gulf-of-tonkin-address-1964/): President Johnson at the podium for his late-night televised address of 4 August 1964, telling Americans that North Vietnamese boats had attacked U.S.… - [Prisoner of the Soviet secret police: Boris Penson, Soviet Jew: let my people go!](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/sssj-boris-penson-let-my-people-go-1970/): A poster of a young man's portrait crossed by dark vertical bars, headed "Prisoner of the Soviet Secret Police, Boris Penson, Soviet Jew", between two… - [Proclama que dirigió al país el 9 de Diciembre de 1902 el General Cipriano Castro (Proclamation Addressed to the Country by General Cipriano Castro, 9 December 1902)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/proclama-cipriano-castro-bloqueo-venezuela-1905/): A decorative lithograph of a presidential proclamation: a large initial P beside an allegorical woman holding a palm branch, the national arms above, and… - [Proclamation by the Queen in Council, to the Princes, Chiefs, and People of India (printed sheet, Allahabad, 1 November 1858)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/queens-proclamation-to-the-people-of-india-1858/): Three pages of the printed Proclamation announcing direct Crown rule in India, with an amnesty for most of those who had rebelled in 1857. - [Proclamation of the Irish Republic (Poblacht na hÉireann), Easter Rising](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/proclamation-of-the-irish-republic-1916/): A dense text-only broadside headed 'Poblacht na h Eireann', addressed 'to the people of Ireland' and signed by seven named leaders. - [Proclamation Suppressing Slavery in Tigray (Adwa, 1935)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/de-bono-tigray-slavery-proclamation-1935/): A bilingual Italian and Tigrinya proclamation, issued eleven days after the invasion began, declares slavery abolished in Tigray and tells its people… - [Proclamation to all our Muslim brothers (Sharif Hussein, Arab Revolt, 27 June 1916)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/sharif-hussein-proclamation-arab-revolt-1916/): The single-sheet Arabic proclamation issued by Sharif Hussein of Mecca at the outbreak of the Arab Revolt, printed in dense justified lines under the… - [Protests in front of SCOTUS after Dobbs](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/dobbs-day-supreme-court-2022/): Crowds gather outside the U.S. Supreme Court on 24 June 2022, the day the Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization ruling overturned Roe v. Wade. - [Putting the mortgage on the cradle](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/mortgage-on-the-cradle-1917/): A saloon keeper, his apron labelled 'The Saloon', nails a sign reading 'Inherited Appetite for Liquor' to a sleeping baby's cradle while the father… - [Recognize the Signs of Terrorism-Related Suspicious Activity ("If You See Something, Say Something")](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/see-something-say-something-dhs/): Under the line 'Protect your every day', a cheerful landscape of homes, a stadium, a farm and a marina sits above fifteen icons of 'terrorism-related… - [Reinforcements. Our scrap of paper, honor it. Vote Yes. Referendum (Australia, 1917)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/reinforcements-referendum-vote-yes-1917/): A torn strip of paper carries a quotation signed by former Prime Minister Andrew Fisher, 'We will fight to the last man and the last shilling', framed as… - [Remember Belgium — Enlist To-Day](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/remember-belgium-1915/): A defiant British soldier stands between the viewer and a woman and child fleeing a burning village, invoking the 1914 invasion and occupation of Belgium. - [Remember Belgium. Buy Bonds. Fourth Liberty Loan](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/remember-belgium-buy-bonds-1918/): A German soldier in a spiked helmet, drawn as a black silhouette, pulls a girl by the hand past a burning town under the words 'Remember Belgium'. Content note: A German soldier drags a girl past a burning town, implying abduction and sexual violence against a child. - [Remember the Maine! And Don't Forget the Starving Cubans! (Judge)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/remember-the-maine-starving-cubans-judge-1898/): A colour lithograph shows Uncle Sam in mourning armband and a clenched fist standing between the two open pages of a photograph album. - [Republic of Korea, Certificate of Indebtedness ($10 bond, no. 462), signed by Syngman Rhee](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/republic-of-korea-indebtedness-certificate-1919/): A ten-dollar 'Certificate of Indebtedness' in the form of a sovereign gold-standard bond: engraved border, numbered, 'Republic of Korea' as its masthead… - [Rival presidential billboards, Istanbul, election day 2014](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/turkey-election-billboards-2014/): Street displays of three rival campaigns at Mecidiyeköy, Istanbul, on election day: Erdoğan's billboard 'Add strength to Turkey's strength,' İhsanoğlu's… - [Românii basarabeni, Bucovinenii și minoritarii pașnici (leaflet for Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, Romanian and Russian sides)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/romanian-german-leaflet-bessarabia-1941/): A two-sided slip, Romanian on one side and Russian on the other, that tells Bessarabian and Bukovinian Romanians and 'peaceful minorities' they have… - [Russian Defence Ministry satellite image, MH17 briefing](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/mh17-buk-briefing-image-2014/): A satellite image shown at a Russian Defence Ministry press briefing four days after Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 was shot down over eastern Ukraine… - [Saludo y felicitación al Señor D. Francisco I. Madero al tomar posesión de la presidencia (Salute and Congratulations to Francisco I. Madero on Taking the Presidency)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/saludo-madero-1911/): A commercial broadside on green-white-red tissue paper marks Francisco I. Madero's inauguration as Mexico's president on 6 November 1911, comparing him… - [Salzburg 20-Kronen "Anschluss" voucher (1921)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/salzburg-anschluss-voucher-20-kronen-1921/): A 20-Kronen note in the form of money carries the slogan "Wir Deutsche wollen Deutsche sein!" (We Germans want to be Germans!) between the denominations… - [Sans-Culottes, feeding Europe with the Bread of Liberty (James Gillray)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/sans-culottes-bread-of-liberty-gillray-1793/): A hand-coloured etching in five scenes shows ragged, red-capped sans-culottes forcing loaves down the throats of John Bull at centre and of Holland… - [Save Serbia our ally: Serbian Relief Committee of America poster](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/save-serbia-our-ally-steinlen-1916/): A crayon lithograph shows a column of Serbian refugee women and old men behind two soldiers, one in a French kepi with a comradely hand on the shoulder… - [Save Your Child from Autocracy and Poverty: Buy War Savings Stamps](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/save-your-child-from-autocracy-1918/): A small naked child stands with a hand on his hip in front of the Statue of Liberty's green copper arm and torch, which shines rays behind the words… - [Schonen Sie Ihren Organismus (Spare Your Organism)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/schonen-sie-ihren-organismus-1940/): A man in profile smokes a cigarette; a red arrow labelled with mucous membranes, throat and nose runs down his neck to bronchi, two lungs, a heart and a… - [Sedari Menanam Hingga Memetik (From Planting to Harvest)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/sedari-menanam-hingga-memetik-1943/): A smiling woman in a printed blouse holds a basket of leaves while a child picks from the plant behind her and two figures work the ground. - [Seljuq gold dinar of Sanjar, dated 493 AH, with the Abbasid caliph named on one face](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/seljuq-gold-dinar-sanjar-caliph-name-1099/): A Seljuq gold dinar with no figures, only Arabic in Kufic script on both faces. - [Sepsis: Get First Aid](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/sepsis-get-first-aid-1943/): A pale hand with red lines of infection running from a pricked fingertip down the arm is set against a dark blue skull. - [She May Look Clean—But](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/she-may-look-clean-but-1943/): A smiling young woman fills the frame over the words 'She may look clean—but'. - [Sind wir die Barbaren? (Are We the Barbarians?)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/sind-wir-die-barbaren-1916/): A statistical chart comparing Germany, England and France, issued to rebut Allied 'German barbarism' atrocity propaganda. - [So hilft dein Geld Dir kämpfen! In U-Boote verwandelt, hält es Dir feindliche Granaten vom Leib! (This Is How Your Money Helps You Fight! Turned into U-boats, It Keeps Enemy Shells off Your Body!)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/u-boote-kriegsanleihe-1917/): A ghostly figure in a naval cap puts an arm around a steel-helmeted soldier and points to a ship burning and sinking on the horizon. - [Sovetskie soldaty! Russian-language appeal to Soviet troops, Budapest 1956](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/hungarian-youth-appeal-soviet-soldiers-1956/): A hand-lettered Russian sheet tacked to a Budapest board addresses 'Soviet soldiers' directly: do not shoot unarmed people, because 'traitors of the… - [Spartakus bei der Arbeit (Spartacus at Work)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/spartakus-bei-der-arbeit-1919/): A gaunt man strangles another man while a woman and an infant lie in a pool of blood beneath them, under the title 'Spartacus at work' and the address of… Content note: Graphic violence: a strangling above a woman and infant lying in blood. - [Staking brengt alleen ellende over uw eigen volk (Strike brings only misery upon your own people)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/staking-brengt-alleen-ellende-1944/): A white-on-black poster in which railway track runs beneath the word STAKING (strike), with a large skull centred above the line 'brings only misery upon… - [Stemt Rood! Kiest de kandidaten der Soc. Dem. Arb. Partij (Vote Red! Choose the candidates of the Social Democratic Workers' Party), poster by Albert Hahn](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/stemt-rood-sdap-hahn-1918/): A workman in a red shirt swings a pickaxe down onto a green money-bag with a snarling mouth and skulls, whose tentacles wrap around him and are labelled… - [Still from "Japanse propaganda tentoonstelling", Japanese military propaganda film shot in Java (c. 1944)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/japanese-propaganda-film-exhibition-java-1944/): Two men stand before a painted naval battle: a visitor in a black peci cap and a gallery attendant in a light shirt and cap, both Indonesian. - [Students burning Japanese goods, Tsinghua School](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/burn-japanese-goods-tsinghua-1919/): A photograph shows students at Tsinghua School in Peking gathered in a circle to burn Japanese-made goods in 1919, part of the nationwide boycott that… - [Suomen armeijan sotilaat! (Soldiers of the Finnish Army!): Soviet leaflet signed by named Finnish prisoners](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/soviet-leaflet-suomen-armeijan-sotilaat-1939/): A Finnish-language Soviet leaflet, photographed on a glass negative: a group portrait of eight men in winter caps above a small-print list of their home… - [Suomen Mies ja Nainen! Äänestä Kansallista Kokoomuspuoluetta! (political postcard of the National Coalition Party)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/kokoomus-suomen-mies-ja-nainen-1918/): A small Finnish party postcard shows a soldier in a fur cap gripping a spear-topped pole from which a large blue-cross flag streams, beside three… - [SWAPO: The People Armed (c. 1976 solidarity poster)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/swapo-the-people-armed-1976/): A green, blue and red poster shows two armed fighters advancing under the headline 'SWAPO: the people armed' and the line 'August 26, 1966 - Beginning of… - [Sífilis: Curación absoluta y radical en el Sanatorio para sifilíticos (Syphilis: Absolute and Radical Cure at the Sanatorium for Syphilitics)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/sifilis-sanatorio-abreu-1900/): An elegant woman in a pink shawl holds a white lily; behind her back, knotted into the shawl, a small dark snake hangs unseen. - [Số hồi chánh viên tại Phú-Yên đã lên đến hơn 2400! (Ralliers in Phu Yen Have Risen to Over 2,400!)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/chieu-hoi-phu-yen-2400-1966/): A Chieu Hoi poster (code SP-1647) says that by mid-November 1966 more than 2,400 Viet Cong and North Vietnamese fighters in Phu Yen had returned to the… - [Tasvir-i Efkar front page, 29 October 1915: Ottoman-Entente war anniversary](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/tasvir-i-efkar-war-anniversary-1915/): The Istanbul daily's front page marks the war's first anniversary with a framed soldier holding a bayoneted rifle before a huge red flag with white… - [Tell That to the Marines!](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/tell-that-to-the-marines-1918/): A civilian in shirtsleeves and waistcoat tears off his jacket, fists clenched, his hat thrown down beside a newspaper whose headline reads 'Huns kill… Content note: "Hun" epithet for Germans in a headline reporting the killing of women and children. - [Tened confianza, seréis peruanos (Have Faith, You Will Be Peruvians)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/tened-confianza-tacna-arica-mundial-1925/): A painted poster: a man in a waistcoat and sandals raises a straw hat in one hand while his other arm grips a large red-and-white flag; beside him a… - [That Liberty Shall Not Perish from the Earth: Buy Liberty Bonds](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/that-liberty-shall-not-perish-1918/): Lower Manhattan burns under an orange sky as aircraft fly overhead and a submarine crosses the harbour; the Statue of Liberty stands headless and broken… - [The Balance Sheet of British Rule in India (Hindustan-Gadar broadside)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/balance-sheet-british-rule-india-1917/): A one-page Ghadar Party broadside sets out 'some main items' of British rule in India as eleven numbered entries, from an annual rupee 'drain' and the… - [The Black Stork (cinema advertisement)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/black-stork-1917/): A 1917 U.S. newspaper advertisement for The Black Stork, a film in which surgeon Harry J. Haiselden, who the text says 'refuses to operate' on… Content note: Advertises a film arguing that disabled newborns should be left to die, and calls them "defective infants". - [The Blood Vote (anti-conscription leaflet)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/the-blood-vote-anti-conscription-1916/): A woman in a straw hat drops a slip marked YES into a box labelled 'Conscription Ballot-Box' while blood drips from the frame and a leering man watches… - [The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King Street Boston on March 5th 1770 by a party of the 29th Regt.](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/revere-bloody-massacre-king-street-1770/): A hand-coloured engraving shows a line of redcoats firing on an unarmed crowd in King Street at an officer's signal, with bleeding bodies in the… - [The Bombay Chronicle reports a foreign-cloth bonfire (1921)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/bombay-chronicle-cloth-bonfire-1921/): The Bombay Chronicle reports a public bonfire of foreign cloth during Gandhi's Non-Cooperation campaign, part of a wave of bonfires that turned owning… - [The Cairo Punch: The English Councillors (Sir Eldon Gorst and the ministers)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/cairo-punch-english-councillors-1908/): A colour cartoon from the trilingual Cairo Punch shows Sir Eldon Gorst, the British Consul-General, reclining in a deckchair with strings tied to his… - [The fleet protects the nation - Prudential Life Insurance protects the home (Puck centerfold, 1909)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/prudential-fleet-protects-nation-1909/): Colour centrefold advertisement in a humour weekly: a column of white-hulled steam battleships, one flying the Stars and Stripes, passes a mountain… - [The Great Battle of Ansong Ford: The Valor of Captain Matsuzaki](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/ansong-ford-toshikata-1894/): A nishiki-e woodblock print titled 'The Great Battle of Ansong Ford: The Valor of Captain Matsuzaki' shows a Japanese officer leading a bayonet charge… - [The Greatest Mother in the World: Red Cross Christmas Roll Call](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/greatest-mother-in-the-world-1918/): A monumental, veiled Red Cross nurse sits enthroned and cradles a small wounded soldier on a stretcher across her lap, beside a large red cross, under… - [The Highlanders Medley, or The Duke Triumphant (A Loyal Song)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/highlanders-medley-duke-triumphant-1746/): A trompe-l'oeil sheet of overlapping prints centres on a portrait of the Duke of Cumberland with a sword, ringed by scenes of loyal troops, Britannia and… - [The Menace front page, 12 April 1913 (Aurora, Missouri)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/the-menace-front-page-1913/): Front page of an anti-Catholic weekly. A boxed counter in the masthead prints "574,845" total subscriptions above a line asking readers to hand the copy… Content note: Anti-Catholic newspaper front page with a skull-and-crossbones emblem labelled 'Temporal Power' and claims of a Roman Catholic conspiracy. - [The Modern Civilization of Europe: France in Morocco & England in Egypt (Cairo Punch supplement)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/cairo-punch-modern-civilization-of-europe-1908/): A special colour supplement to the Cairo Punch shows a French and a British soldier clinking champagne glasses across a field of skulls, with burning… Content note: Allegorical colour cartoon with skeletons, a bloodied corpse and a hanged figure, depicting French and British colonial violence. - [The More Women at Work the Sooner We Win!](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/more-women-at-work-sooner-we-win-1943/): A young woman in a red dress and snood fits a curved frame inside a clear aircraft nose dome, above the promise that more women at work means an earlier… - [The New Left is revolting](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/yaf-new-left-is-revolting-1969/): A poster headed "The New Left is revolting" fills the page with one photograph of a bearded, shirtless man with a bandolier and a rifle. - [The Perpetrators of the War, in Japan to Her Allies (Tokyo)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/japan-to-her-allies-perpetrators-of-the-war-1917/): A page of a 1917 Tokyo book addressed to Japan's allies, headed 'The Perpetrators of the War', argues that Germany 'must be held equally guilty' with… - [The Radical Programme, No. 4: Dismemberment of the Empire (Gladstone & Co. auction India), St Stephen's Review Presentation Cartoon](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/radical-programme-selling-india-st-stephens-review-1891/): A colour lithograph shows an auctioneer labelled 'Gladstone & Co., Auctioneers' knocking down 'India' to a fur-coated Russian bidder while posters offer… - [The Real Cost — "Your Skin"](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/real-cost-your-skin-2014/): A teen actor's face is shown with skin visibly peeling away in a televised anti-smoking PSA, dramatizing a real, longer-term harm (premature skin aging… Content note: Graphic body-horror imagery. - [The unemployed](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/iww-i-wont-workers-1914/): A crowd of well-dressed idle men under a banner reading 'I Won't Workers' refuses to shovel snow, with a sign demanding two dollars a day and overtime… - [There are but two sides in a war: she fights on the side of African freedom, Gulf finances the other: Boycott Gulf](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/pan-african-liberation-committee-boycott-gulf-1972/): A photograph of a woman holding a child, a rifle slung on her shoulder, carries the text "There are but two sides in a war - she fights on the side of… - [This American Airman Drives the Jap from China's Skies: Give Him Your Help! (Chinese New Year poster)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/american-airman-chinas-skies-1945/): A U.S. Office of War Information poster in Chinese, headed 恭賀新禧 ('Happy New Year'), borrows the form of a Chinese New Year door-god print: an American… Content note: Caricature of a Japanese soldier trampled underfoot, and a wartime slur ("Jap") in the object's title. - [This Is the Enemy](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/this-is-the-enemy-1943/): Office of War Information Poster No. 76: a hand in a sleeve with a swastika armband drives a bayonet down through a Holy Bible, above the words 'This is… Content note: Nazi swastika and violent imagery. - [This Man Is Your Friend: Chinese. He Fights for Freedom](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/this-man-is-your-friend-chinese-1942/): A photograph of a smiling Chinese Nationalist soldier in a field cap is framed by 'This man is your FRIEND / Chinese / He fights for FREEDOM.' One… - [This Man Is Your Friend: Russian. He Fights for Freedom](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/this-man-is-your-friend-russian-1942/): A smiling Red Army soldier with a rifle on his shoulder is introduced to American viewers as 'your friend' who 'fights for freedom.' The virtue word does… - [Toma! Y qué hacen aquí esos tres? (Look! And What Are These Three Doing Here?), El Centinela cartoon](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/three-apes-el-centinela-1867/): A woodcut cartoon from a Paraguayan army newspaper shows three seated or standing apes in braided uniforms, with tails, around a small table holding an… - [Torturing Women in Prison. Vote Against the Government](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/torturing-women-in-prison-wspu-1910/): A woman in a prison dress is held in a chair by a warder and a man in a frock coat while a bespectacled man pours liquid down a tube in her nose; 'Votes… - [Totaler Krieg – kürzester Krieg (Total War – Shortest War): the Sportpalast rally of 18 February 1943](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/sportpalast-total-war-speech-1943/): The Berlin Sportpalast during Goebbels's 'total war' speech, under a banner reading 'Total war – shortest war'. - [Tripoli è italiana! (postcard)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/tripoli-e-italiana-postcard-1912/): Photographic postcard under the headline 'Tripoli è italiana!': a young woman in a mural crown, a national personification of Italy, holds a Savoy… - [Trois Tetes sous l'meme bonnet (three heads under the same cap)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/trois-tetes-sous-le-meme-bonnet-1789/): A coloured print shows a rustic in a red coat, seated among a plough, a rake and a scythe, raising a red cap on a stick over a triangle that frames a… - [U.S. out of S.E. Asia now! Stop racism! Inauguration Day, Jan. 20, Washington, D.C.](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/sds-us-out-of-se-asia-inauguration-day-1973/): A typed protest flyer calls a national demonstration on Inauguration Day and lists five demands, from ending the Vietnam War to ending the wage freeze. - [Ultimo acto d'um valente (Last Act of a 'Brave Man'): Sidónio Pais and Afonso Costa](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/sidonio-pais-ultimo-acto-valente-1918/): A colour postcard shows a caricatured Afonso Costa kneeling with clasped hands, a rosary and a cross-shaped decoration before a uniformed Sidónio Pais… Content note: Ridicule caricature of a political figure kneeling with a rosary at swordpoint. - [Un combate en el río Zapote (A Fight on the Zapote River), Blanco y Negro](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/un-combate-en-el-rio-zapote-1898/): A full-page illustration of Spanish infantry in light tropical uniform firing across a river from cover, one man fallen in the grass in the foreground… - [United We Win](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/united-we-win-1943/): A Black and a white war worker rivet an aircraft section side by side under a full-width American flag, with the words 'United We Win.' The flag… - [Unser Kaiser an sein Volk (Our Emperor to His People)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/unser-kaiser-an-sein-volk-1914/): An armoured Saint George drives his lance into the jaws of a bleeding dragon above the Kaiser's words of 31 July 1914: 'Envious rivals everywhere force… - [V = Duitschland wint voor Europa op alle fronten (V = Germany wins for Europe on all fronts)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/v-duitschland-wint-voor-europa-1941/): A landscape-format letter poster whose headline defines the letter V as 'Duitschland' (Germany) and claims Germany wins for Europe on all fronts, above… - [Van Moscouw tot Elba moest ik wyken (From Moscow to Elba I had to give way), Napoleon caricature by Wijnand Esser](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/van-moscouw-tot-elba-napoleon-esser-1814/): An etching after the Hague art dealer Wijnand Esser draws Napoleon as a short, big-headed figure in oversized boots, peering through a telescope and… - [Varokaa! Vakoilija! (Beware! Spy!): Finnish Winter War poster](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/finland-varokaa-vakoilijaa-1939/): A glass-negative photograph of a Finnish poster that reads 'Beware! Spy!' in stencil capitals around two dark silhouettes: a bearded figure in a long… - [Vaterland, Familie, Zukunft: 8. Kriegsanleihe (Fatherland, Family, Future: 8th War Loan)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/vaterland-familie-zukunft-1918/): A helmeted soldier holds a sleeping child, with a woman at his shoulder, under the words 'Fatherland, Family, Future'. - [Victory Bonds will help stop this. Kultur vs. humanity (Canada)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/victory-bonds-kultur-vs-humanity-canada-1918/): A uniformed man swims with a Red Cross nurse held against his chest, shaking his fist at a surfacing submarine, beside a lifebuoy lettered for the… - [Virginia Arnold (holding Kaiser Wilson banner)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/kaiser-wilson-banner-1917/): Virginia Arnold of the National Woman's Party holds a White House picket banner addressed to 'Kaiser Wilson', photographed in 1917 while the United… - [Viva Pascual Orozco, valiente luchador y fiel amante de rasgar la careta del tirano (Long Live Pascual Orozco, Brave Fighter Who Loves to Rip the Mask Off the Tyrant)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/viva-pascual-orozco-vanegas-arroyo-1911/): A commercial broadside pairs a full-length halftone photograph of Pascual Orozco, rifle at his side and cartridge belt across his hips, with verse… - [Việt-Cộng hãy coi chừng!! (Viet Cong Beware!)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/viet-cong-beware-blackhorse-1967/): A U.S. Army leaflet shows a tank drawn as a fanged monster breathing fire at fleeing guerrillas. - [Vote Against Woman Suffrage](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/georgia-vote-against-woman-suffrage-1915/): A printed card from the Georgia Association Opposed to Woman's Suffrage gives seven 'BECAUSE' reasons to vote against woman suffrage. - [Wanted! For Murder — Her Careless Talk Costs Lives](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/wanted-for-murder-careless-talk/): Styled as a wanted poster, this image accuses an unnamed, glamorous woman of 'murder' for indiscreet conversation, superimposing drowning soldiers behind… - [Was England will! (What England Wants!)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/was-england-will-1918/): Squadrons of aircraft with British roundels fill a burning sky over blast furnaces and factory chimneys under the headline 'What England wants!' The only… - [We asked four leading crooks for their opinion on gun control](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/four-leading-crooks-gun-control-1977/): A fundraising poster sets drawn portraits of four prison inmates beside quotes such as 'You don't want to ban them — That makes it easier for us to get… - [We Can Do It!](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/we-can-do-it-1943/): A factory worker in a red bandana flexes her arm under the line 'We Can Do It!', an internal Westinghouse motivational poster later adopted as the emblem… - [We need handguns like we need a hole in the head](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/we-need-handguns-hole-in-head-1976/): A fundraising poster puts a young woman's face under the headline 'We need handguns like we need a hole in the head', with a round white hole printed… - [Wer Kriegsanleihe zeichnet, macht mir die schönste Geburtstagsgabe! (Whoever Subscribes to the War Loan Gives Me the Finest Birthday Present!)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/hindenburg-geburtstagsgabe-1917/): A close-cropped portrait of Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg sits above a facsimile of his handwriting: 'Whoever subscribes to the war loan gives me the… - [Why should we help communists kill Americans?](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/mothers-crusade-help-communists-kill-americans-1966/): A full-page, newspaper-style advertisement headed "Why should we help communists kill Americans?" says Soviet-bloc weapons reach the Viet Cong and that… - [Why We Fight: The Battle of Britain (film frame)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/why-we-fight-battle-of-britain-1943/): A frame from 'The Battle of Britain' (1943), the fourth film in Frank Capra's U.S. Army 'Why We Fight' series. - [Winox anti-German poster stamps: Zeppelin, Edith Cavell, "Kultur", Lusitania (Britain, 1915)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/winox-anti-german-poster-stamps-1915/): A block of four British poster stamps from 1915: "The Zeppelin Triumph" (a child asks whether Mother had done wrong), "Remember Edith Cavell, murdered… - [Wolkiger Beobachter, Luftpost-Ausgabe, 1. Jahrgang Nr. 7 (Cloudy Observer, air-mail edition, front page)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/wolkiger-beobachter-luftpost-1940/): The front page of a German-language leaflet newspaper whose title plays on the Nazi party daily Völkischer Beobachter. - [Wolność Bolszewicka (Bolshevik Freedom): Polish Army propaganda poster](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/wolnosc-bolszewicka-poland-1920/): Under the headline 'Bolshevik Freedom', a nude, blood-red male figure in round spectacles (identified in secondary sources as Leon Trotsky) sits on a… - [Ya abna' al-jaysh al-'iraqi (O Sons of the Iraqi Army): Iranian Army leaflet](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/iran-army-leaflet-to-iraqi-army-1981/): Arabic-language leaflet addressed to Iraqi soldiers under the Iranian state emblem. - [Yaşasın Vatan, Yaşasın Millet, Yaşasın Hürriyet! (Long Live the Fatherland, the Nation, Liberty!)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/young-turk-constitution-postcard-1908/): A postcard marking the 24 July 1908 restoration of the Ottoman constitution shows Enver Bey framed by a laurel wreath, Ottoman flags and the chant 'Long… - [You Are a Filipino / My Dear Son (voting poster sheet for the Philippines)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/you-are-a-filipino-my-dear-son-1951/): A two-panel sheet in English: a hatted farmer points at the viewer under 'You Are a Filipino', and a distraught woman pleads 'My Dear Son' above… - [You can jail a revolutionary, but you can't jail the revolution ...](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/black-panther-party-fred-hampton-1969/): A memorial poster sets a large portrait of Fred Hampton, and a smaller figure speaking at a microphone, against radiating blue beams, with slogan text… - [Your Courage, Your Cheerfulness, Your Resolution Will Bring Us Victory](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/your-courage-your-cheerfulness-1939/): The first mass poster of the Ministry of Information, put up across Britain from September 1939. - [Za naši samostatnost! Hrr na vraha! Za demokracii! Československá armáda (For our independence! Charge at the murderer! For democracy! Czechoslovak Army)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/za-nasi-samostatnost-1918/): A green-and-black recruiting poster shows two soldiers locked in close combat, one in a spike-crested helmet, beneath 'For our independence! Content note: Stylised hand-to-hand combat between two soldiers; the enemy is labelled a 'murderer' in the headline. - [Zeichnet 7. Kriegsanleihe! Živnostenská Banka Filiale in Wien (Subscribe to the 7th War Loan! Živnostenská Banka, Vienna Branch)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/zivnostenska-banka-7-kriegsanleihe-1917/): A girl in folk dress dances barefoot through a field of flowers toward a white dove, inside a lace-like border. - [¡¡Glorias de México!! Porfirio Díaz y Ramón Corral, electos por el voto unánime del pueblo (Glories of Mexico!! Porfirio Díaz and Ramón Corral, Elected by the Unanimous Vote of the People)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/glorias-de-mexico-diaz-corral-1904/): A pink broadside topped by a laurel-framed portrait of Porfirio Díaz announces that he and Ramón Corral were 'elected by the unanimous vote of the… - [«Единая Россія» 1-ruble stamp (Armed Forces of South Russia, Denikin, 1919)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/denikin-edinaya-rossiya-1-ruble-stamp-1919/): A postage stamp of the anti-Bolshevik Armed Forces of South Russia: St George on horseback, in the arms of Moscow, in a red oval under the legend 'Единая… - [À qui le crime profite-t-il? (Viet Minh leaflet on the back of a French Indochina one-piastre note, 1948)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/viet-minh-piastre-leaflet-1948/): Back of a Banque de l'Indochine one-piastre note carrying French-language slogans: 'To whom does the crime benefit?', 'We must end the Indochina war'… - [Бо війна війною (For War Is War), Sich Riflemen postcard series II](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/kurylas-bo-viina-viinoiu-sich-riflemen-postcard-1917/): A mounted rifleman in field grey with a pipe leans toward a village girl in a headscarf who points down the road, a wagon train behind them, over a strip… - [Братерство, рівність. Чу-чу! Гидь московська! (Fraternity, Equality. Shoo! Muscovite Filth!): Ukrainian People's Republic leaflet-poster](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/gyd-moskovska-upr-1917/): A man in a long traditional coat and sash, seen from behind with a pitchfork and sabre, faces two horned, shaggy, demon-like figures: one wears a… - [Вместе с Россией. 16 марта – Референдум! (Together with Russia. 16 March: Referendum!): Simferopol billboards](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/vmeste-s-rossiei-simferopol-2014/): Two roadside billboards beside a highway in Simferopol carry the same design: a white field with the blue headline 'Together with Russia', a red-outlined… - [Военный 5½% заём (Russian War Loan postcard, 1916)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/russian-war-loan-postcard-1916/): Two soldiers with a searchlight on a rampart look down on a burning town behind barbed wire, above the printed line "Our cities, villages and churches… - [Военный заём 5½% (War Loan, Cossack lancer poster)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/voenny-zaem-cossack-lancer-1916/): A Cossack lancer charges out of smoke and cloud above the words 'Военный заемъ 5½%' and the printed line 'Purpose of the loan: to hasten victory over the… - [Възвание към селския народ в Варненския окръг (Appeal to the peasant people of the Varna district)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/vazvanie-bzns-varna-1922/): A full-sheet Bulgarian appeal 'to the peasant people in the Varna district' for the 19 February 1922 rural-municipal elections. - [Делегату 1-го Всеузбекского с'езда (To the Delegate of the 1st All-Uzbek Congress): bilingual Uzbek and Russian Soviet poster](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/delegatu-vseuzbekskogo-syezda-1925/): On a solid red ground, a portrait of Lenin in a suit is set inside a spray of grain ears and a flowering branch, above draped banners and a red star… - [Державний кредитовий білет, 100 гривень (State Credit Note, 100 Hryven; legend 'Ukrainian People's Republic', 1918)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/unr-100-hryven-note-1918/): Obverse of a 100-hryven state credit note dated 1918: a woman in embroidered national dress holding a sheaf and sickle and a man in a work apron leaning… - [Дым, в котором мы живём (The Smoke in Which We Live)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/dym-v-kotorom-my-zhivyom-1988/): An apartment tower rendered as an open cigarette pack, with cigarettes rising from it, stands among city blocks and factory chimneys venting white smoke. - [Заём свободы. Война до победы (Liberty Loan. War until Victory)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/zaem-svobody-voina-do-pobedy-1917/): A shouting soldier unfurls a red banner reading 'War until victory' under the heading 'Liberty Loan'. - [Капитал (Capital)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/kapital-deni-1919/): A caricatured capitalist in a top hat sits enthroned on heaps of gold coins inside a web of church spires and factory smokestacks, boasting in… - [Красный подарок белому пану (A Red Gift for the White Lord): Soviet Polish-Soviet War poster](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/krasny-podarok-belomu-panu-1920/): A grinning worker and a Red Army soldier heft an outsized red artillery shell on their backs, aimed at a tiny, plump cartoon nobleman with a sabre at the… - [Миръ и свобода въ Совдепіи (Peace and Freedom in Sovdepia)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/mir-i-svoboda-v-sovdepii-1919/): A White Army cartoon titled 'Peace and Freedom in Sovdepia' shows a giant red, horned figure of Leon Trotsky wearing a Star-of-David pendant crouched… Content note: This 1919 poster uses antisemitic caricature (a demonic Trotsky wearing a Star of David) and depicts extrajudicial killing. - [Подошёл колбасник к Лодзи (A Sausage-Maker Came to Łódź)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/sausage-maker-came-to-lodz-1914/): In two panels a giant Russian peasant in bast shoes doffs his cap to Kaiser Wilhelm II and his army, then strolls off while the Kaiser limps away in rags. Content note: The ethnic slur "kolbasnik" for Germans. - [Позивъ към земледѣлското население (Appeal to the Farming Population)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/bulgaria-appeal-to-farmers-1917/): A text-only printed appeal to farmers, signed by a general. It states that the enemy hopes to break the nation by hunger, that a plough is worth a cannon… - [РСФСР расчётный знак, 500 рублей, reverse with the multilingual slogan (Soviet Russia, 1919)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/rsfsr-500-rubles-reverse-slogan-1919/): Reverse of a 500-ruble 1919 note of Soviet Russia: the state arms (hammer and sickle in a wreath of grain) with the slogan 'Proletarians of all… - [Сдал австриец русским Львов (The Austrian Surrendered Lvov to the Russians)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/austrians-surrendered-lvov-1914/): Russian lancers under the tricolour charge past a Cubist-styled Lvov while Austrian soldiers crouch, flee and drop their weapons. - [Ты записался добровольцем? (Have You Volunteered?)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/did-you-volunteer-moor-1920/): A Red Army soldier in uniform strides forward and points directly at the viewer beneath the words 'Have YOU volunteered?', with the Bolshevik slogan… - [Японский Император и его лукавые доброжелатели (The Japanese Emperor and His Cunning Well-Wishers): Russian Russo-Japanese War print](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/japanese-mikado-cunning-well-wishers-1904/): A Japanese emperor in full uniform sits a rearing horse at the lip of a cliff while two smiling, jostling figures in national costume, John Bull and… - [Կռիվ պալատներին!! Խաղաղություն խրծիթներին (War to the Palaces! Peace to the Huts): Armenian-language Soviet poster](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/lenin-war-to-palaces-armenian-1924/): A large black-suited figure of Lenin, in a cap against a flat red ground, points left toward a colonnaded building that is crumbling under attack by two… - [שפייז וועט געווינען דיא קריעג! (Food Will Win the War!), Yiddish edition](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/food-will-win-the-war-yiddish-1917/): Immigrants crowd a ship's rail as it passes the Statue of Liberty, with the New York skyline under a rainbow of flag stripes. - [اودھ کے برہمنوں اور راجپوتوں سے ایک اپیل (An Appeal to the Brahmins and Rajputs of Oudh)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/oudh-appeal-to-brahmins-and-rajputs-1918/): An Urdu broadsheet in two dense columns under a calligraphic headline, addressed to the Brahmins and Rajputs of Oudh. - [यह सिपाही हिन्दुस्तान की हिफ़ाज़त कर रहा है (This Soldier Is Defending India), Indian Army recruiting poster, Bombay](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/indian-army-hindi-recruiting-poster-1914/): A khaki-uniformed Indian infantryman with fixed bayonet stands in front of a red map of the subcontinent, above a Hindi panel saying that this soldier… - [คอมมิวนิสต์ หรือ เสรีภาพ (Communism or Freedom), Thai-language poster no. II, religion panel](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/communism-or-freedom-thai-religion-1966/): Two-panel colour poster with the Thai headline 'Communism or Freedom'. - [วัฒนธรรมของไทย (Thai Culture), dress-code poster of the Phibunsongkhram government](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/thai-culture-dress-poster-1940/): Two-panel poster under the state emblem and the title 'Thai Culture'. The left panel, headed 'Don't', shows people in sarongs, bare-chested or with head… - [不澈底的重建 (An Incomplete Reconstruction), Beiyang Huabao no. 116](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/beiyang-huabao-incomplete-reconstruction-1927/): A cartoon of a city wall flying the Nationalist (Kuomintang) sun flag, being rebuilt by labourers from a pile of bricks stamped with the labels… - [中日基本條約簽訂一週年來矣！ (The Sino-Japanese Basic Treaty's first anniversary has come!), four-panel leaflet for Hankou](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/hankou-basic-treaty-anniversary-leaflet-1941/): A leaflet in Chinese explains the 'four principles' of the 1940 Japan-China-Manchukuo Basic Treaty in four cartoon panels, each with a slogan pair… - [劉永福懸賞抓拿日本奸細告示 (Liu Yongfu's notice offering rewards for capturing Japanese spies), Taiwan](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/liu-yongfu-reward-notice-japanese-spies-1895/): A printed and brush-completed official notice, sealed and dated in the third lunar month of Guangxu 21 (1895), announces silver rewards for handing in… - [和平實現是我們第一步的勝利 (The Realisation of Peace Is Our First Step to Victory), Xi'an poster](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/xian-peace-first-step-victory-poster-1936/): A hand-drawn black-ink poster shows three marching soldiers in different caps, one with a star, rifles at the shoulder and mouths open, shouting a single… - [宣言書 (Declaration of Independence), 8 February 1919, first sheet of a handwritten copy](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/feb-8-declaration-korean-students-1919/): The first sheet of a handwritten copy of the 8 February 1919 declaration issued in Tokyo by Korean students addresses 'all the nations of the world that… - [建設馬來亞 / 破壞馬來亞 (Building Malaya / Destroying Malaya)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/building-and-destroying-malaya-1953/): A Chinese-language poster shows a muscular, smiling farmer hoeing under a partly cropped sign ending 'BHARU', captioned 'Build Malaya', above a haggard… - [我愈戰愈强，敵愈戰愈弱 (The more we fight, the stronger we grow; the more the enemy fights, the weaker he grows)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/the-more-we-fight-the-stronger-china-1940/): A giant red-printed Chinese soldier in a helmet looms over two much smaller Japanese soldiers who claw at the air inside flames, drawn with distorted… - [日清戰爭笑樂画會 (Comics of the Sino-Japanese War): 黄海のきづ and 尻へ帆 (Wounds of the Yellow Sea; Sails on the Rear)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/shoraku-gakai-yellow-sea-kiyochika-1895/): One uncut sheet of two comic panels from the series 'Comics of the Sino-Japanese War'. - [時局圖 (The Situation in the Far East / Map of the Present Situation), newer version with English labels](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/situation-in-far-east-tse-tsan-tai-1900/): A Chinese pictorial map of about 1900 shows a Russian bear over Manchuria and Mongolia, a British lion-bulldog in south and east China, a French frog in… - [東江陳軍餉械 英國 (Chen's East River Army: Pay and Arms, Britain), Canton newspaper cartoon](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/east-river-chen-army-pay-arms-canton-1925/): A newspaper cartoon shows a British officer, his cap marked with the character for Britain, standing with a hand on his hip while a pig labelled 'East… - [秘密戰ヲ防ゲ (Guard Against Secret Warfare), Japanese home-front counterintelligence poster](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/japan-counterintelligence-poster-1940/): A poster under the title 'Guard against secret warfare' shows a Rising Sun fan turning away a flurry of paper slips, each carrying one word: hoarding… - [蛇鼠同巢之擴大会議 (Snakes and Rats in One Nest: The Enlarged Conference), cartoon from Xinsheng magazine no. 12](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/snake-rat-one-nest-enlarged-conference-1930/): A line cartoon shows snakes and rats crowded together in a nest that is labelled 'Enlarged Conference', under the headline 'Snakes and rats in one nest… - [詔書 (Imperial Rescript on the Annexation of Korea), Korean translation, Official Gazette of the Government-General of Korea no. 1, p. 17](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/annexation-rescript-korea-gazette-1910/): Page 17 of the first Official Gazette of the Government-General of Korea prints, in Korean translation, the Emperor Meiji's rescript of 29 August 1910 on… Content note: Official Japanese imperial text on the 1910 annexation of Korea, printed in Korean translation; shown as issued. - [豬叫取胎圖 (Picture of the Pig Sect Extracting a Foetus), from Reverently Obeying the Sacred Edict: A Complete Picture Gallery to Repel Heterodoxy](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/pig-cry-taking-foetus-hunan-1891/): A colour woodblock print shows four foreign men in green hats and dark coats cutting a foetus from a seated woman in a Chinese courtyard, under a title… Content note: Colour woodblock caricature depicting foreign Christians as members of a 'pig' sect and showing them cutting a foetus from a woman; violence against a woman and derision of Christianity. - [銃後の總親和 第二回總選挙 (Total Harmony on the Home Front: Second General Election), Taiwan](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/jugo-no-soshinwa-taiwan-election-1939/): A red, black and yellow poster shows a hand in a dark sleeve dropping a ballot into a white box marked with a red sun disc and hung with paper shrine… - [閩浙贛省蘇維埃銀行壹圓 (Fujian-Zhejiang-Jiangxi Soviet Bank, one-yuan note, 1933)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/min-zhe-gan-soviet-bank-one-yuan-1933/): Obverse (top) and reverse (bottom) of a one-yuan note of a Soviet-area bank in south-east China: the obverse centres on a red flag with a star between… - [총선거 5월 10일 (General Election, May 10): 총선거로 독립문은 열린다 (The General Election Opens the Independence Gate)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/general-election-may-10-poster-south-korea-1948/): A colour lithograph poster for the 10 May 1948 election shows a crowd holding up ballots and marching through the Independence Gate towards the… ## Case studies - ["Désinfox coronavirus":the French government's page of selected press fact-checks](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/france-desinfox-coronavirus-2020/): in spring 2020 the French government put a page on its own website that listed Covid-19 fact-checking articles from five chosen news outlets as "safe and… - ["Liquidate the kulaks as a class":the propaganda campaign for collectivization (1929-1933)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/collectivization-dekulakization-propaganda-1929-1933/): in December 1929 Stalin announced a shift "from a policy of limiting the exploiting tendencies of the kulaks to a policy of liquidating the kulaks as a… Content note: Soviet poster caricaturing peasants labelled kulaks. - ['Asia for the Asiatics':Japan's Co-Prosperity Sphere and the movements that used it](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/co-prosperity-sphere-asia-for-asians/): from 1932 to 1945 Imperial Japan sold its expansion as Asia's liberation from Western rule, in words ("co-prosperity", "harmony of the five races"… - ['Benevolent assimilation':the Philippine-American War and the propaganda on every side](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/philippine-american-war-benevolent-assimilation/): Washington called its rule over the Philippines "benevolent assimilation", called the war that followed an "insurrection" and later made armed resistance… - ['For whites only':the forged Klan letters sent to Olympic committees in 1984](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/kgb-olympic-klan-letters-1984/): in July 1984, Olympic committees in Africa and Asia received letters on Ku Klux Klan letterhead threatening to shoot or hang their athletes in Los… - ['Trotskyism or Leninism':the press campaign that removed Trotsky from Soviet leadership (1924-1929)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/stalin-trotsky-power-struggle-1924-1929/): Between Lenin's death in January 1924 and Trotsky's deportation in February 1929, the men who succeeded Lenin kept his letter criticising Stalin out of… - [2004: outside-group ads on Kerry's Navy record and Bush's Guard record](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/us-2004-military-service-ads/): in the 2004 U.S. presidential race, groups outside both campaigns put veterans on camera to say that John Kerry lied about his Vietnam medals and that… - [A committee on every block:Cuba's Committees for the Defense of the Revolution](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/cuba-cdr/): on 28 September 1960, outside Havana's Presidential Palace, Fidel Castro answered a petard in the crowd by announcing a system of collective… - [A corner of the flag on a six-year-old:the Young Pioneers of China](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/young-pioneers-of-china/): Founded in October 1949 on the explicit model of the Soviet Union's Young Pioneers, the Chinese Young Pioneers enrolled, and still enrols, nearly every… - [Abolitionist and pro-slavery print, 1787-1860](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/slavery-debate-print/): for seventy years both sides of the slavery question fought with medallions, ship plans, woodcuts, lithographs, compiled evidence, memoirs and novels… Content note: Plan of a slave ship showing enslaved people packed in rows. - [Alaj: the portal Iranian state media promoted for reporting 'traitors abroad'](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/alaj-informant-portal/): Iranian state media announced a "remedy" platform, run by operators the record does not name, that asked citizens to send in the names of Iranians abroad… - [Algeria 1954-1962:'events', psychological action, and the FLN's single voice](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/algerian-war-action-psychologique/): for eight years France called a war "events" and "operations to maintain order", built an army branch for psychological action, staged crowds of… - [Angkar: language control in Democratic Kampuchea, 1975-1979, and the contests over its record](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/khmer-rouge-angkar/): the Khmer Rouge governed Cambodia as Angkar, "the Organization", an authority with no public face that emptied the cities on a false bombing warning… Content note: Prisoner intake photographs from the Khmer Rouge's S-21 torture centre. - [Anti-Rohingya propaganda in Myanmar, 2012-2018:the 'Bengali' label, the monks' sermons and the military's covert Facebook pages](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/rohingya-facebook-campaign/): for six years, a state label that recast the Rohingya as foreigners, monks' sermons warning that Buddhists would be "swallowed", and a covert military… Content note: Aerial photograph of a burned village. - [Apartheid South Africa's banned organisations, persons and publications](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/apartheid-publication-bans/): from 1950 South African law defined "communism" to include any doctrine aimed at change through "disturbance or disorder", let officials ban… - [Baltic counter-disinformation:Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/baltic-counter-disinformation/): from 2014 the three Baltic states answered Russian state media with a mix of tools: volunteer "elves" and a newsroom-backed debunking centre in… - [Before the state:the NSDAP's propaganda in its fringe years, 1920-1923](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/nsdap-early-propaganda-1920-1923/): Between February 1920, when a Munich beer-hall crowd heard a fringe party read out 25 demands and rename itself, and April 1924, when a Bavarian court… Content note: Photograph of Adolf Hitler and NSDAP members on a 1923 propaganda drive. - [Before Triumph of the Will:staging scale for a fringe party at Nuremberg, 1923-1933](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/nuremberg-rallies-origins-1927-1933/): Between a September 1923 coalition march-past and the September 1933 "Rally of Victory," the NSDAP turned an annual gathering of a few thousand into a… - [Better babies, fitter families:eugenics campaigns in the US, Sweden and Germany](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/eugenics-fitter-families/): between about 1910 and 1945, public campaigns in the United States, Sweden and Germany used the same toolkit (prize contests, science branding, cost… Content note: Pro-sterilisation pamphlet using "insane and feebleminded" for patients, with a disparaging remark about Catholics. - [Big-character posters:how the opening labels of China's Cultural Revolution did the work of charges (1966-68)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/cultural-revolution-big-character-posters/): In summer 1966 a campus wall poster, a People's Daily editorial and a poster by Mao Zedong set out labels ("ox-demons and snake-spirits", "capitalist… - [Black Lives Matter and Blue Lives Matter:two slogans, their campaigns, and a foreign operation that posed as both](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/black-lives-matter-and-blue-lives-matter/): a 2013 hashtag became a national movement over police killings of Black Americans, a counter-movement formed in 2014 around the deaths of police… - [Bolshevik agitprop, 1917-1921:soviets, decrees, agit-trains and the ROSTA windows](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/bolshevik-1917-agitprop/): Between Lenin's April 1917 return to Petrograd and the end of War Communism in March 1921, the Bolsheviks built a message chain running from party… - [Boluan Fanzheng:how Deng Xiaoping's faction used a debate about truth to break Hua Guofeng's hold on power, 1977-1981](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/boluan-fanzheng-repudiation-of-cultural-revolution/): Between February 1977 and June 1981, Deng Xiaoping's faction inside the Chinese Communist Party used an ostensibly abstract philosophical debate —… - [Brazil 2018 and 2022:WhatsApp blasts, removal orders against both campaigns, and the electoral court's new powers](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/brazil-elections-2018-2022-whatsapp/): in two Brazilian presidential races, the electoral court ordered posts and ads taken down on both sides: in 2018 a "kit gay" claim against Fernando… - [Britain's Ministry of Information and Political Warfare Executive:posters at home, black radio abroad](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/british-moi-pwe/): Britain ran two propaganda operations at once: an openly labelled Ministry of Information that told its own public to be cheerful, stay quiet and not… - [Britain's Ministry of Information films and London Can Take It! (1940-1942)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/british-ministry-of-information-films/): Britain's wartime information ministry made short films for home cinemas and village halls, and in autumn 1940 sent a Blitz film to neutral America… - [British election posters and broadcasts, 1978 to 2005:Conservative and Labour attack campaigns](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/uk-election-posters-1979-2005/): over five general elections, both of Britain's main parties paid advertising agencies to turn the other side's record or leader into a single image (a… - [Buy Empire, burn foreign cloth:the Empire Marketing Board and the swadeshi boycotts](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/empire-marketing-board-and-swadeshi/): in the same decade, the British government told shoppers that buying Empire butter was a duty to the Empire, and the Indian national movement told buyers… - [Chieu Hoi and Radio Hanoi:both sides' propaganda aimed at the other side's soldiers in Vietnam](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/vietnam-chieu-hoi-and-radio-hanoi/): from 1963 Saigon and Washington tried to talk NLF and North Vietnamese soldiers into changing sides with billions of leaflets, safe-conduct passes… - [China's Great Firewall and the June Fourth anniversary](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/china-great-firewall-june-fourth/): the Chinese government's official account of 1989 has changed labels over time ("turmoil", then "counter-revolutionary riot", then "political turmoil")… - [Chinese wartime propaganda, 1937-1945:Chongqing, Yan'an and Wang Jingwei's Nanjing](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/china-wartime-propaganda/): in the War of Resistance three Chinese governments competed for the same audiences: Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalists in Wuhan and then Chongqing, who… - [Christchurch and its copycats:livestreamed attacks and 'manifesto culture', 2019-2022](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/christchurch-livestream-copycats/): a gunman killed 51 people at two Christchurch mosques while streaming the attack on Facebook Live, after posting a document to 8chan that dressed the… - [Class struggle in the classroom:nationalizing China's school curriculum and textbooks, 1949-1977](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/maoist-school-curriculum-control/): Between 1949 and 1952 China's new government nationalized every private school and replaced a mixed textbook market with one national set, then remade… - [COINTELPRO:the FBI's covert media and information operations against U.S. groups, 1956-1971](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/cointelpro-media-operations/): for fifteen years under four presidents, the FBI placed material about U.S. political groups in the news through reporters it rated "friendly", and… - [Cold War radio jamming (1948 to 1988)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/cold-war-radio-jamming/): from 1948 the Soviet Union, and later most of its allies, broadcast noise on the frequencies of Western radio stations to stop their own citizens hearing… - [Collectivisation, the 1932-33 famine and its denial:the kulak label, the silence and the foreign press](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/holodomor-and-denial/): the Soviet leadership named the "kulak" as a class enemy, wrote that label into law and into orders blaming failed grain collection and peasant flight on… - [Crime and victim attack ads in two U.S. presidential races:Horton and the furloughs (1988), James Byrd Jr. and hate-crimes law (2000)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/us-crime-ads-1988-2000/): in 1988 an outside group and the Bush campaign ran ads that tied Michael Dukakis to crimes committed by prisoners on Massachusetts furloughs, one of them… - [Cuba's crisis years:Mariel, the Special Period, the Malecón, and 11 July](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/cuba-crisis-years/): in four crises since 1980 the Cuban government, speaking in its own name, framed shortage and protest as a test of revolutionary belonging and as the… - [Divide the land, label the enemy:propaganda and discipline in the Jiangxi Soviet (1927-1934)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/ccp-jiangxi-soviet-propaganda-1927-1934/): Between the 1927 split from the Guomindang and the October 1934 retreat that became the Long March, the Chinese Communist Party built peasant support in… - [Down to the countryside:how China rebranded a mass relocation of youth as revolutionary 're-education' (1968-1980)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/down-to-the-countryside-movement/): On 22 December 1968 the People's Daily published Mao Zedong's instruction that "it is necessary for educated young people to go to the countryside to be… - [Ethyl: how leaded petrol was named, defended and kept on sale](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/leaded-gasoline-ethyl/): tetraethyl lead was sold under a trade name that left out "lead", and after five workers died making it in 1924 the companies answered with a public… - [EUvsDisinfo and the EEAS East StratCom Task Force](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/euvsdisinfo-east-stratcom/): in 2015 EU leaders asked the EU's diplomatic service to "challenge Russia's ongoing disinformation campaigns"; the small team it set up built… - [Facebook's April 2019 takedowns in India:a Congress IT cell, a BJP-linked IT firm and a Pakistani military network](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/india-2019-facebook-takedowns/): ten days before India's 2019 general election began, Facebook removed two domestic networks it tied to people around both main parties: 687… - [Fascist Italy's propaganda machine:from the Duce's Press Office to the Ministry of Popular Culture](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/fascist-italy-minculpop/): between 1934 and 1937 Mussolini's government turned a prime-ministerial press office into a full ministry that sent newspapers daily written orders (the… - [Film under Goebbels:Triumph des Willens (1935) and Der ewige Jude (1940)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/nazi-film-triumph-and-eternal-jew/): Nazi Germany's propaganda ministry built a film system (a compulsory trade chamber, state-owned studios, one national newsreel, youth screenings) that… Content note: Nazi symbols at the 1934 Nuremberg rally. - [Finland's media literacy model](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/finland-media-literacy/): Finland has written media literacy into national policy (2013, 2019), the school curriculum (2016) and civil-service training (from about 2016), and it… - [Follow the science, Plandemic:COVID-19 messaging from officials and contrarians, 2020-2022](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/covid-messaging-2020-2022/): from 2020 to 2022, officials and their critics both issued confident claims that went further than the evidence of the day, borrowed authority from… - [Fossil-fuel industry climate doubt campaigns, 1977 to the 2000s](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/climate-doubt-campaigns/): internal documents show that Exxon scientists and an industry coalition's own science advisers described human-caused warming as well supported, while… - [From 'ill health' to Swan Lake:the GKChP's case for its own coup, 19-21 August 1991](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/gkchp-august-1991-coup-propaganda/): In the early hours of 19 August 1991, eight senior Soviet officials announced by TASS wire that President Mikhail Gorbachev was too unwell to govern and… - [From a fire to a vote:the Reichstag Fire Decree and the Enabling Act, February-March 1933](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/reichstag-fire-enabling-act-1933/): In 24 days a fire in an empty parliament building was turned, through an emergency decree, mass arrests, an election and a stage-managed floor vote, into… - [Gay plague, tombstones and Silence = Death:messaging in the AIDS crisis, 1981-1990](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/aids-panic-1980s/): in the first decade of AIDS, tabloid labels, moral commentary, quarantine campaigns, government health campaigns and activist posters all competed to… - [German South West Africa, 1904-1908:the war on the Herero and Nama and the contest over its record](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/herero-nama-genocide/): German forces destroyed most of the Herero and about half of the Nama between 1904 and 1908 while the colonial press, the General Staff and a Reichstag… Content note: Colonial-era postcard of prisoners, captioned in the dehumanising language of the period. - [Germany answers back:the Manifesto of the 93 and the Lusitania medal (1914-1916)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/manifesto-of-the-93-1914/): Ninety-three of Germany's most famous scholars and artists put their names to six flat denials about the invasion of Belgium, which later research showed… - [Glasnost:the controlled opening that outran the Soviet state (1985-1989)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/glasnost-end-of-soviet-information-control/): Gorbachev introduced glasnost ("openness") from 1985-86 as a controlled tool to build support for economic restructuring against a resistant party… - [Glavlit and the retouched photographic record](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/soviet-glavlit-photo-retouching/): from 1922 the Soviet censorship office Glavlit controlled what could be printed, and over the following decades people who fell from power were cropped… - [Government fact-check units:Russia, China, India and Ukraine](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/government-fact-check-units/): from 2017 several governments set up their own units to label reports as "fake", "rumour" or foreign narrative; they differ in whether a label carries… - [Government pressure on platforms and broadcasters ("jawboning"), 2020-2026](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/platform-moderation-jawboning/): officials of both major U.S. parties, and a European commissioner, have asked, urged or warned private platforms and broadcasters about speech they… - [Grief on schedule:Mao's death, Hua Guofeng's succession and the 'two whatevers', 1976-1978](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/mao-death-succession-propaganda-1976/): The Chinese state withheld news of Mao Zedong's 9 September 1976 death for sixteen hours, then staged a scripted week of national mourning that… - [Gun rights and gun control:persuasion on both sides of the U.S. gun debate](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/gun-control-and-gun-rights/): since the 1970s both the gun-rights and the gun-control movements have argued mostly in the open, under their own names, and both have also used several… - [Gwangju, May 1980:'rioters', 'spies' and the censored press](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/gwangju-1980-martial-law-media/): as troops put down the Gwangju uprising, censors let the national press print the Martial Law Command's account, which called protesters rioters and… - [Hamilton 68:the Russian-influence dashboard and its secret account list](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/hamilton-68-dashboard/): from August 2017 to the end of 2018 a think-tank dashboard charted what a private list of about 600 Twitter accounts was sharing; press coverage often… - [History will absolve me:the 26th of July Movement and Batista's press, 1953–1959](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/cuba-26-july-rise-1953-1959/): From the barracks attacks of 26 July 1953 to Fidel Castro's entry into Havana on 8 January 1959, the 26th of July Movement and Fulgencio Batista's… - [Hitler über Deutschland:the 1932 campaigns that made the NSDAP a mass party](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/hitler-over-germany-1932-campaigns/): across four national campaigns in a single year — the presidential race against Hindenburg (March-April), the July Reichstag election and the November… Content note: Photograph of Adolf Hitler speaking at a 1932 campaign rally with uniformed SA men beside him. - [Holy war on three sides:the Ottoman jihad call, Germany's Islam policy and Britain's Arab Revolt messaging (1914-1918)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/ottoman-holy-war-1914/): The Ottoman state declared the war a religious duty for all Muslims, Germany printed and carried that call to Muslims in enemy armies and colonies, and… - [How the US and UK governments presented the case for war in Iraq, 2002-03](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/iraq-wmd-case-2002-03/): in 2002-03 the Bush administration and the Blair government each published dossiers, speeches and a UN presentation that stated intelligence judgements… - [Imperial Japan's wartime propaganda at home:the Information Bureau, the neighbourhood associations and the war communiqués](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/imperial-japan-home-front/): between 1937 and 1945 the Japanese state built a single chain from doctrine to doorstep: the Ministry of Education wrote what a subject was, a cabinet… - [India's Emergency:'India is Indira' and the censored press](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/india-emergency-1975/): for 21 months India's government filtered the news through pre-censorship, blamed unrest on a "deep and widespread conspiracy", heard its party president… - [Indian Chronicles:fake local outlets, revived NGOs and a borrowed professor](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/indian-chronicles-network/): researchers at EU DisinfoLab traced hundreds of websites posing as local news outlets, a set of revived UN-accredited NGOs and the reused name of a dead… - [Israel's Strategic Affairs Ministry paid for news content, and a later ministry's STOIC campaign aimed at U.S. lawmakers](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/israel-strategic-affairs-paid-content/): Israel's Ministry of Strategic Affairs paid Israeli media groups to run articles, supplements and conference panels for its campaign against the boycott… - [Join or Die to the Boston Massacre:patriot and loyalist print, 1754-1783](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/american-revolution-prints/): for three decades both sides of the imperial quarrel used woodcuts, engravings, newspapers and pamphlets to fix a single reading of events, and the… Content note: Soldiers firing into a crowd, with the dead and wounded in blood. - [Just Say No and the fried egg:anti-drug campaigns, 1971-2016](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/war-on-drugs-campaigns/): for four decades U.S. presidents, a first lady, an advertising coalition, police educators and the press cast drugs as the nation's gravest threat with… - [Kadesh and Behistun:kings carving their own record](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/kadesh-behistun-royal-inscriptions/): Ramesses II carved an indecisive battle into five temples as his personal victory, the Hittite kings kept a record that reads differently, and Darius I… Content note: Relief showing battle dead. - [Kangura, Radio Rwanda and RTLM:Hutu Power propaganda before and during the genocide against the Tutsi, 1990-1994](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/rwanda-rtlm-kangura/): for three and a half years a newspaper, the state radio and then a private radio station told Hutu audiences that Tutsi were about to exterminate them… Content note: Dehumanizing caricature of Germans as an ape, implied sexual violence and partial nudity. - [Kinderlandverschickung:evacuating Germany's children into Hitler Youth camps, 1940-1945](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/kinderlandverschickung-child-evacuation/): after the RAF bombed Berlin in late summer 1940, Hitler ordered children moved out of threatened cities "on the free decision of the guardian," and the… - [Labor organizing and anti-union campaigns in the United States, 1910-1941](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/labor-organizing-and-anti-union-campaigns/): unions campaigned with songs, meetings, relief appeals and harsh labels for opponents; employers campaigned with signed advertisements, open-shop slogans… - [Land reform and the struggle session:how the CCP's class labels decided who kept their land, 1946-1952](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/land-reform-struggle-sessions-1946-1952/): Between 1946 and 1952 the Chinese Communist Party sorted every rural household into one of five classes under a formula it had written in 1933, then… Content note: U.S. government poster with photographs captioned as a people's court, an execution and bodies of executed men in Guangdong, 1952. - [Laws against "fake news":Germany, France and Malaysia under one standard](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/fake-news-laws/): between 2017 and 2018 three governments passed laws presented as answers to harmful or false content online; they differ sharply in who decides, who is… - [Lubang Buaya, 1965:the mutilation story the autopsies did not support](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/indonesia-1965-lubang-buaya-story/): after seven officers were killed at Lubang Buaya on 1 October 1965, army newspapers reported that communist women had mutilated them, autopsies ordered… Content note: Dehumanizing caricature of Germans as an ape, implied sexual violence and partial nudity. - [MAGA and the Resistance:grassroots organising for and against Trump, 2016-2021](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/maga-and-the-resistance/): between 2016 and 2021 supporters and opponents of Donald Trump built mass movements using hats, slogans, rallies, marches, town halls and social media… - [Managing the news:France's 'bourrage de crâne' and Austria-Hungary's War Press Office (1914-1918)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/bourrage-de-crane-1914-1918/): France, a republic, and Austria-Hungary, a multinational monarchy, both ran the war's news through military censors and official channels, and both sold… - [Manufactured unanimity:the Nazi single-list plebiscites, 1934-1938](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/nazi-plebiscite-elections-1934-1938/): three times between 1934 and 1938, a government that had already banned every opposition party and jailed or exiled its leaders put a single question to… Content note: Ballot paper for the 1936 single-list Reichstag election naming the NSDAP and Adolf Hitler. - [Marcos's martial law:the 'New Society' and the online contest over its memory](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/marcos-martial-law-and-revival/): in 1972 President Ferdinand Marcos placed the Philippines under martial law, citing a communist conspiracy, closed all media except outlets owned by his… - [Matryoshka's midterm clips:borrowed faces and a borrowed logo](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/matryoshka-midterm-clips/): a bot network that researchers attribute to the Russia-aligned Matryoshka operation recut real celebrity videos with cloned voices and a stolen CNN logo… - [McCarthy's numbers:205, 57, 81 and the move from 'card-carrying Communists' to 'security risks' (1950-54)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/mccarthy-wheeling-numbers-1950/): in February 1950 Senator Joseph McCarthy said he held a list of Communists in the State Department; the number changed from 205 to 57 to 81 within eleven… - [Media war over Croatia and Bosnia, 1987-1995, and the denial of Srebrenica](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/bosnia-war-media/): Belgrade state media under Slobodan Milošević told Serbs that Croats and Bosniaks were preparing to exterminate them and aired atrocity stories later… Content note: Aerial reconnaissance photograph of a suspected mass-grave site. - [Mobutu's authenticité:how Zaire's party-state wrote one man into the nation](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/mobutu-authenticite/): from 1971 Mobutu's government renamed the country, its river, its people and their clothes in the name of African authenticité, then wrote into the 1974… - [Mood over argument:"Morning in America" (Reagan-Bush 1984) and "Hope" / "Yes We Can" (Obama 2008)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/us-optimism-campaigns-1984-2008/): a Republican re-election ad in 1984 and a Democratic challenger's slogans in 2008 both sold a feeling (renewal, hope) more than a program; the 1984 ad… - [Nazi control of school curriculum and teachers, 1933-1938](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/nazi-school-curriculum-control/): within days of the Nazi seizure of power a civil-service law let the state dismiss Jewish and politically "unreliable" teachers; a party-run teachers'… Content note: Photograph of schoolchildren and a teacher giving the Nazi salute, Berlin, 1934. - [Nazi propaganda before and during the Holocaust, 1933-1945](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/holocaust-propaganda/): from 1933 a state ministry and a licensed press repeated one label for Jews for twelve years, in 1939 the head of government told the Reichstag that a… Content note: Nazi antisemitic newspaper display case. - [Octavian, Antony and the Res Gestae:how Augustus wrote his own reign](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/augustus-image-making/): in the civil war of 44-31 BC Octavian and Mark Antony fought with coins, borrowed gods, letters and a seized will as well as armies; the winner then… - [Operation Spectrum:Singapore's 'Marxist conspiracy' and its answers](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/singapore-operation-spectrum/): in 1987 Singapore's government detained 22 people without trial as a "Marxist conspiracy" and put their accounts on television; in 1988 nine of them… - [OxyContin's launch marketing:a one-paragraph letter and a "less than one percent" message](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/oxycontin-marketing/): after the FDA approved OxyContin on 12 December 1995, Purdue promoted it to doctors as less addictive and less subject to abuse than other pain drugs, a… - [Pengkhianatan G30S/PKI:how Indonesia's New Order kept 1965 on screen](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/new-order-g30s-film/): Indonesia's New Order government kept one account of 30 September 1965 in daily life through a monument, an official history, a state-made film shown… - [Perón cumple, Evita dignifica:Argentina's state media machine, and the decree that erased it](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/peron-evita-state-media/): Argentina's Peronist government built a state office that bought the country's radio networks, expropriated its leading opposition newspaper, made Eva… - [Pioneros por el comunismo:Cuba's youth ladder, the single textbook, and the reply that uses the same devices](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/cuba-youth-and-schools/): After 1959 Cuba built a ladder from a mass children's organization into the Union of Young Communists and the Communist Party, closed private schools… - [Playa Girón and the Bay of Pigs:mercenaries in one telling, Cuban patriots in the other](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/cuba-playa-giron/): the landing of 17–19 April 1961 was, in Havana's account, a mercenary invasion organised by the United States and defeated in under seventy-two hours… - [Pravda, Izvestia and TASS:the institutional structure of the Soviet press monopoly, 1912-1991](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/pravda-tass-soviet-press-institution/): the Bolsheviks inherited one illegal party paper (Pravda, 1912) and one soviet-born paper that became the government's own (Izvestia, 1917), centralised… - [Propaganda Fide, 1622:where the word comes from](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/propaganda-fide-1622/): the word "propaganda" entered modern languages from the name of a Catholic missionary office founded in Rome in 1622, the Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda… - [Propaganda of the Chinese Civil War, 1945-1949:land reform, surrender leaflets and the fall of the mainland](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/chinese-civil-war-propaganda-1945-1949/): between Japan's surrender in August 1945 and Mao Zedong's proclamation of the People's Republic on 1 October 1949, the Chinese Communist Party mobilised… - [Red Army Faction:communiqués, hunger strikes and the 'isolation torture' campaign](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/red-army-faction-communiques/): a small clandestine group in West Germany used claim letters, a founding text and a red-star logo to present bombings as war against "imperialism", then… - [Red scarf to Party card:a century of the Communist Youth League of China](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/communist-youth-league-china/): Founded in Guangzhou in May 1922, a year after the Chinese Communist Party itself and 27 years before the Party won power, the Communist Youth League… - [Reefer Madness and the 1930s marihuana campaign](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/reefer-madness-and-the-marihuana-campaign/): a low-budget independent feature made around 1936 as Tell Your Children was later sold on the exploitation circuit as Reefer Madness, framed from its… - [Remember the Maine:the yellow press and Spain, 1895-1898](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/yellow-press-1898/): two New York dailies fighting for circulation turned Cuba's independence war into a daily run of outrage stories and, when the USS Maine exploded in… Content note: Caricature mocking Joseph Pulitzer's accent. - [Revolution, counter-revolution and Napoleon's bulletins, 1789-1815](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/french-revolution-napoleon/): for twenty-six years every side in the French wars fought with print and paint: revolutionaries drew the king as a pig and the queen as an Austrian… Content note: Caricature showing cannibalism. - [RICU and the Integrity Initiative:UK government-funded messaging that did not show its source](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/uk-ricu-integrity-initiative/): two UK government departments paid for messages that reached their audiences under other names: the Home Office's RICU through a contracted media firm… - [Russia's war of words:tsarist lubki, the Liberty Loan and the fight over 'German agents' (1914-1918)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/russia-1914-1918/): In four years Russia's war messaging moved from comic prints that mocked the enemy by nature, through a hunt for enemies at home, to a revolutionary… - [Scar literature:China's state-permitted reckoning with the Cultural Revolution, 1977-1981](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/scar-literature-sanctioned-reckoning/): Between late 1977 and 1981, official Chinese literary journals published a wave of fiction — later named "scar literature" after Lu Xinhua's 1978 short… - [Screened, state-written and contested:East Asia's history-textbook disputes since 1955](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/east-asia-textbook-disputes/): Japan's privately written, state-screened history textbooks have been contested for seven decades over what screening changed or removed; the governments… - [Selling the Gulag:the "re-forging" of the White Sea-Baltic Canal, 1930-1937](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/gulag-forced-labor-propaganda/): the OGPU's camp administration, renamed the Gulag in November 1930, built the White Sea-Baltic Canal in 1931-33 with prisoner labor under the doctrine of… - [Shining Path:the Gonzalo cult, the 'people's war' and the state's reply](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/shining-path-propaganda/): a Maoist party in Peru built its message around one man, "Presidente Gonzalo", staged violence as instruction, and turned prisons into stages, while the… - [South Africa's information war:the apartheid state's secret projects and the ANC's Radio Freedom](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/south-africa-information-war/): in the 1970s South Africa's Department of Information secretly spent about R64 million of defence money on some 180 projects, including a daily newspaper… - [Soviet control of school curriculum and textbooks](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/soviet-school-curriculum-control/): the Bolsheviks first let educators experiment with exam-free, grade-free schooling under Anatoly Lunacharsky's Commissariat of Enlightenment; a run of… - [Soviet montage cinema as state film:Battleship Potemkin and October](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/soviet-montage-cinema/): the young Soviet state nationalised film, then commissioned feature films for the 20th anniversary of 1905 and the 10th anniversary of 1917; the… Content note: Film still showing a graphic wound. - [Soviet wartime propaganda, 1939-1945:Sovinformburo, Agitprop and the Red Army press](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/soviet-wartime-propaganda/): after Germany's invasion of 22 June 1941, the Soviet state ran its war message through a single party-controlled chain (the Central Committee's… Content note: Caricature of Hitler with a swastika. - [State television across borders:from Der schwarze Kanal and ZDF-Magazin to RT, CGTN, Alhurra and Al Jazeera](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/state-television-across-borders/): East and West German television each ran a long-lived programme aimed at the other side of the Wall, and from 1996 Qatar, the United States, Russia and… - [Swan Lake on loop:how Soviet television announced a coup by going silent (19-21 August 1991)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/swan-lake-broadcast-1991/): when hardline officials seized control of Soviet state television on the morning of 19 August 1991, the flagship news programme Vremya read their… - [Taxpayer-funded government advertising in Canada and Australia, 1996-2019](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/canada-australia-government-advertising/): four governments of four parties, in two countries, spent public money on advertising and sponsorship that carried the state's name and symbols while… - [Temperance, Prohibition and the wets:the dry campaigns and their opponents, 1874 to 1933](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/temperance-and-the-wets/): for sixty years "drys" and "wets" fought over alcohol with petitions, votes, lobbying, textbooks, posters, paid advertising and newspaper money; most of… - [The 1800 election:"Jefferson and no God" and "squints at monarchy"](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/us-election-1800-adams-jefferson/): in 1800 a Federalist daily told readers the only question was whether to stay loyal to "GOD—AND A RELIGIOUS PRESIDENT" or "impiously declare for… - [The 1933 book burnings and Nazi control of publishing](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/nazi-book-burnings-1933/): in spring 1933 the German Student Association posted twelve theses against the "un-German spirit", then on 10 May burned books by Jewish, left-wing… - [The 1981 Resolution:how the Chinese Communist Party engineered a single verdict on Mao](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/party-resolution-1981-verdict-on-mao/): Between March 1980 and June 1981, under Deng Xiaoping's direction, the Chinese Communist Party spent fifteen months and consulted about 4,000 senior… - [The 1990-91 Gulf crisis:Iraq's 'guests' and 'linkage', and Washington's Hitler analogy](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/gulf-crisis-1990/): after invading Kuwait, Iraq's government held more than a thousand Western and Japanese civilians at military and industrial sites and called them… - [The Active Measures Working Group (1981 to 1992)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/active-measures-working-group/): a part-time U.S. interagency committee, formed in 1981 under the State Department and later run through USIA, collected reports of Soviet forgeries and… - [The Agitprop Department:the Communist Party's standing propaganda apparatus, 1920-1991](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/soviet-agitprop-department-institution/): From its founding as a five-subsection Central Committee bureau in August 1920 to its absorption into a new Ideological Department in 1988 and the CPSU's… - [The Alar campaign:an advocacy report, a TV exclusive and a planned echo](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/alar-apple-campaign-1989/): an environmental group's report on pesticide residues in children's food was launched through a CBS "60 Minutes" exclusive, followed by a… - [The All-Union Pioneer Organization:scouting rebuilt as a communist pipeline, 1922-1991](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/young-pioneers-soviet-union/): On 19 May 1922 the Russian Communist Youth League voted to organize children's "Pioneer" detachments built, almost fixture for fixture, on the Scouting… - [The Armenian genocide, 1915-1923:the wartime 'internal enemy' frame, the rival record, and a century of state denial](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/armenian-genocide-and-denial/): in 1915 the Ottoman government described its Armenian subjects as a wartime internal enemy and their removal as "dispatch and settlement"; enemy… - [The Bund Deutscher Mädel:raising Nazi Germany's girls for the Volk](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/bund-deutscher-madel/): founded in 1930 as the Hitler Youth's girls' wing, the Bund Deutscher Mädel (BDM) grew from a voluntary club into the sole legal channel for raising… - [The civil rights movement and the Citizens' Councils:boycotts and marches, 'outside agitator' labels, state money and economic pressure](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/civil-rights-and-citizens-councils/): from 1954 the civil rights movement campaigned publicly with boycotts, marches, signs and lawsuits, while the Citizens' Councils and allied officials… - [The Committee on Public Information:how the U.S. government sold the First World War at home (1917-1919)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/cpi-creel-committee/): A week after entering the war, the United States created a federal propaganda agency that ran posters, films, a daily newspaper and some 75,000 volunteer… - [The Congo Free State press war:Leopold II's Press Bureau and the Congo Reform Association](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/congo-free-state-press-war/): Leopold II sold his Congo state to the powers as a civilising, anti-slavery mission; when evidence of forced-labour violence reached Europe, a secret… - [The Congress for Cultural Freedom:a CIA-funded intellectuals' network, 1950-1967](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/congress-for-cultural-freedom/): from 1950 to 1967 the CIA paid, through private foundations, for an international association of writers and scholars that presented itself as… - [The Crusade for Freedom:Truth Dollars for a CIA-funded radio, 1950-1971](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/crusade-for-freedom-radio-free-europe/): for two decades Americans were asked to fund Radio Free Europe with "Truth Dollars" and signatures, as if it were a private citizens' station, while most… - [The Cuba-United States radio war:Radio Swan's cover story and Havana's 'gusanos'](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/cuba-us-radio-war/): in May 1960 a station calling itself Radio Swan went on air from a Caribbean island, nominally owned by a shipping company that owned no ships, actually… - [The danwei:how the work unit became China's basic unit of political control, 1951-2003](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/danwei-work-unit-social-control/): from the early 1950s, urban China's state and collective employers were rebuilt as danwei — a single institution that was at once employer, landlord… - [The DHS Disinformation Governance Board (2022)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/dhs-disinformation-governance-board/): the U.S. Department of Homeland Security announced an internal "Disinformation Governance Board" on 27 April 2022, paused it three weeks later after… - [The end of the USSR:Gorbachev's resignation and the flag over the Kremlin (December 1991)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/gorbachev-resignation-and-ussr-dissolution-1991/): on 8 December 1991 the leaders of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus met without Mikhail Gorbachev at a government dacha in the Belavezha Forest and declared… - [The English Civil War pamphlet war, 1641-1649](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/english-civil-war-pamphlets/): when the Crown's press controls collapsed in 1641, royalists, parliamentarians, Irish insurgents and radicals all went to print, and within eight years… Content note: Sectarian atrocity print: men, women and children driven off a bridge and shot. - [The Gang of Four:arrest, denunciation and a trial that closed the Cultural Revolution's books (1976-1981)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/gang-of-four-arrest-and-trial-propaganda/): Twelve days after Mao Zedong's death, Hua Guofeng had Jiang Qing, Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan and Wang Hongwen arrested on 6 October 1976; a two-year… - [The German 'corpse factory':a false atrocity story and its long afterlife (1917-1925)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/corpse-factory-1917/): In April 1917 British newspapers reprinted a report that Germany was boiling down its own soldiers' corpses for fat; the story ran around the world, the… Content note: Dehumanizing caricature of Germans as an ape, implied sexual violence and partial nudity. - [The German Labour Front and Strength Through Joy, 1933-1945](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/daf-kraft-durch-freude/): three days after Nazi Germany's first "National Labour Day" ended with union halls occupied and their leaders under arrest, the regime folded every… - [The Gestapo's Denunciation Apparatus:Policing by Public Tip-Off, 1933-1945](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/gestapo-denunciation-apparatus/): founded by Hermann Göring on 26 April 1933 and never more than a few thousand field officers strong for a country of nearly 70 million, the Gestapo… - [The Great Leap Forward's 'sputnik' harvests and the famine that followed](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/great-leap-forward-yield-claims/): in 1958 China's Party press printed record crop yields as "sputniks". The records were added up into a national harvest figure, and the state took grain… Content note: Editorial cartoon showing rows of open graves and coffins labelled as victims of hunger. - [The Gyirong flood and the official death toll](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/gyirong-flood-death-toll/): after a deadly flood on the Tibet-Nepal border, officials published one death toll with rescue imagery, while police and platforms removed posts giving… - [The Hanover Institute:reports written for chatbots to cite](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/hanover-institute-chatbots/): Israel's state advertising agency (LaPam) paid, through two contractors, for a website styled as a U.S. think tank, which published a week of unsigned… - [The Hitler Youth:from a party wing to a legal duty, 1926-1945](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/hitler-youth-organization/): founded in 1926 as a small party auxiliary, the Hitler Youth grew during the Nazi seizure of power from about 108,000 members at the end of 1932 to over… - [The Hundred Flowers and Anti-Rightist Campaigns:soliciting criticism, then purging it (1956-1959)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/anti-rightist-campaign-1957/): from May 1956 the Chinese Communist Party invited non-Party intellectuals to criticize it under the slogan "let a hundred flowers bloom, let a hundred… - [The Index of Prohibited Books (1559-1966)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/index-librorum-prohibitorum/): from 1559 to 1966 the Catholic Church published a list of books its members were forbidden to print, sell, own or read without permission, backed by… - [The Institute for Propaganda Analysis (1937-1942)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/institute-for-propaganda-analysis/): a small nonprofit at Columbia University's Teachers College taught Americans to spot propaganda through a monthly bulletin, school materials and a list… - [The Islamic State's media machine:Dabiq, Rumiyah, Amaq and the 'virtual caliphate'](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/islamic-state-media-dabiq/): between 2014 and 2019 the Islamic State ran a state-style media system that told outsiders it was a working, godly state, told Muslims there was no… Content note: Dehumanizing caricature of Germans as an ape, implied sexual violence and partial nudity. - [The Justice Department's FARA release and public demonstrations](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/doj-fara-demonstrations/): a U.S. Justice Department press release said that a person acting as an agent of a foreign power to carry out "public demonstrations" furthering its… - [The Kenya Emergency, 1952-1960:'rehabilitation', the Hola water cart, and the oath](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/kenya-emergency-mau-mau/): in Kenya's Emergency, the colonial government publicised the rebels' killings and described its own detention system in words like "rehabilitation" and a… - [The Kim leader cult, the anti-US month and the leaflets sent back](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/kim-dynasty-leader-cult/): from 1967 the DPRK built rules, the Ten Principles, that make loyalty to the leader the test of political life, and paired them with a yearly anti-US… - [The Komsomol:youth pipeline, mass mobilization and internal discipline, 1918-1991](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/komsomol-young-communist-league/): founded on 29 October 1918 as the youth organization of the Bolshevik party, the Komsomol took in members aged 14 to 28 handed up from the Young… - [The Korean War germ-warfare charges:commissions, confessions and the 1953 recall](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/korean-war-germ-warfare-allegations/): in 1952 China and North Korea, backed by the USSR, accused the United States of spreading disease from the air in Korea and northeast China, and carried… - [The Lenin cult after 1924:an embalmed body, a mausoleum and a doctrine called "Leninism"](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/lenin-cult-after-1924/): Within days of Vladimir Lenin's death on 21 January 1924 the Politburo renamed Petrograd after him, staged an oath-like eulogy over his body, and by that… - [The Little Octobrists (Oktyabryata):a red star badge for seven-year-olds](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/little-octobrists-oktyabryata/): From 1923-24 the Soviet Union folded its youngest schoolchildren, aged about seven to nine, into the bottom rung of the party's youth ladder — the Little… - [The loudspeaker war:propaganda across the Taiwan Strait, 1949-1987](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/taiwan-strait-loudspeaker-war/): for four decades the two Chinese governments aimed loudspeakers, shells full of leaflets, radio and giant slogans at each other across a few kilometres… - [The Mao cult before the state:'Mao Zedong Thought' and 'The East Is Red', 1943-1949](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/mao-cult-origins-1943-1949/): Between a March 1943 Politburo decision giving Mao Zedong the final word inside the Chinese Communist Party and the party's seizure of state power in… - [The MMR scare:from a 1998 press conference to Vaxxed, and its 1802 ancestors](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/mmr-autism-scare/): a 12-child case series in The Lancet was launched at a hospital press conference where its lead author called for single vaccines in place of MMR; the… Content note: Period caricature of a monster devouring infants. - [The Moscow show trials:confession, spectacle and consent (1936-1938)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/moscow-show-trials-1936-1938/): Between August 1936 and March 1938 the Soviet government tried, in three public, transcript-published trials, most of the surviving senior leadership of… - [The Nayirah testimony:a Kuwaiti government PR campaign at a House human rights caucus](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/nayirah-testimony-1990/): in October 1990 a 15-year-old identified only as "Nayirah" told an informal House human rights caucus that Iraqi soldiers had taken babies out of… - [The Nero Decree:Hitler's order to destroy Germany, and the myth built on defying it](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/nero-decree-scorched-earth-propaganda/): on 19 March 1945, with the war plainly lost, Adolf Hitler ordered the destruction of all German transport, industrial and supply infrastructure that… - [The NKVD as its own propagandist:'enemies of the people,' informants and the vigilant state (1934-1946)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/nkvd-secret-police-propaganda/): the Soviet secret police, Dzerzhinsky's Cheka (1917) refounded in July 1934 as the NKVD, sold its own coercive power to the public as vigilant defence of… - [The Office of War Information's Domestic Branch, 1942-43](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/owi-domestic-branch/): in June 1942 President Roosevelt merged four information offices into the Office of War Information under the broadcaster Elmer Davis. Content note: Dehumanizing caricature of Germans as an ape, implied sexual violence and partial nudity. - [The Pavlik Morozov cult:a Soviet martyr built from a disputed murder](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/pavlik-morozov-denunciation-cult/): After 13-year-old Pavlik Morozov and his younger brother were murdered in the Ural village of Gerasimovka in September 1932, the Soviet Communist Party… - [The Pentagon's retired military analyst outreach programme (2002-2008)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/pentagon-military-analysts/): from 2002 to 2008 the Pentagon's public affairs office gave retired officers who worked as TV and radio analysts private briefings, conference calls… - [The People's Court:the Volksgerichtshof as a stage for verdicts, 1934-1945](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/volksgerichtshof-show-trials/): Created on 24 April 1934 after ordinary judges acquitted most of the Reichstag Fire Trial's defendants, the Volksgerichtshof (People's Court) tried… - [The peoples of three continents:OSPAAAL, a Havana secretariat, and Tricontinental](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/cuba-ospaaal-tricontinental/): in January 1966 a conference of 512 delegates from 82 countries created an organization of the peoples of Africa, Asia and Latin America and gave it a… - [The PLA's Political Commissar System:Dual Command, the General Political Department and PLA Daily](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/pla-political-commissar-system/): since the Chinese Red Army's Gutian Congress of December 1929 resolved that "the party commands the gun," every People's Liberation Army unit from… - [The Red Guards:how Mao turned millions of students into a political weapon, 1966-68](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/red-guards-youth-mobilization/): Between August 1966 and late 1968, Mao Zedong and the Central Cultural Revolution Group built, endorsed, reviewed and funded a nationwide student… - [The Reformation print war:Luther, Cranach and the Catholic reply](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/reformation-print-war/): from 1518 the printing presses of the German lands carried a fight between Martin Luther's evangelical movement and the defenders of the papacy, and both… Content note: Sectarian caricature of Luther as a seven-headed beast. - [The Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda, 1933-1945](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/reich-propaganda-ministry/): founded on 13 March 1933 with Joseph Goebbels as minister, the Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda licensed everyone who wrote… - [The SA in the street:uniforms, a martyr and staged disorder as proof only the NSDAP could 'restore order' (1921-1933)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/sa-brownshirts-street-propaganda/): From 1921 the NSDAP's brownshirted Sturmabteilung built a single, repeated argument out of a uniform, a manufactured martyr (Horst Wessel, killed in 1930… Content note: Photograph of SA members giving the Nazi salute under swastika flags at a 1930 funeral. - [The satanic panic:ritual-abuse claims in the US and UK, 1980-1994](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/satanic-panic-1980s/): between 1980 and 1994, a memoir, a set of therapy and interviewing methods, police training seminars and prime-time television carried the claim that… - [The second Ku Klux Klan:selling membership as '100% Americanism'](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/second-klan-1920s/): a small Atlanta fraternal order, relaunched in 1915 around a film premiere, became a mass movement after 1920 when a publicity firm turned membership… Content note: Ku Klux Klan members marching in robes. - [The SS as its own propaganda institution:Das Schwarze Korps, the Ahnenerbe and the order myth, 1931-1945](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/ss-mythology-das-schwarze-korps/): starting from a 1931 order that vetted SS men's fiancées for "racial worth," Heinrich Himmler built the SS a media and belief system of its own — a free… - [The State Department's Global Engagement Center (2016 to 2025)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/global-engagement-center/): a State Department office set up to counter terrorist, then Russian and Chinese, propaganda abroad; it published reports and funded outside groups, drew… - [The steelworker ad and the welfare ads:two fact-checked attacks from the 2012 U.S. presidential race](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/us-2012-steelworker-and-welfare-ads/): in the same week of August 2012, a pro-Obama super PAC released an ad in which a laid-off steelworker tied Mitt Romney to his wife's death from cancer… - [The Sugar Research Foundation and the 1967 heart disease review](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/sugar-research-foundation/): in 1965 a sugar-industry trade group paid two Harvard nutrition scientists $6,500 to review the evidence on diet and heart disease; their 1967 New… - [The Tamil Tigers' martyr cult, and the state's 'humanitarian operation'](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/ltte-tamil-tigers-propaganda/): the LTTE built a calendar, a landscape and a broadcast system around its dead, so that loyalty to the fallen and loyalty to the movement became one… - [The Tea Party and Occupy Wall Street:two protest waves after the 2008 crash](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/tea-party-and-occupy/): two protest movements, one on the right and one on the left, grew out of the 2008 financial crisis; each was called "astroturf" by opponents, each… - [The tobacco industry's smoking-and-health doubt campaign, 1953 to 1998](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/tobacco-doubt-campaign/): after studies linked cigarettes to lung cancer, the major U.S. tobacco companies hired a public-relations firm, funded a research body they presented as… - [The U.S. Office of War Information and the Writers' War Board:a 'strategy of truth' meets the advertising men](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/us-owi-writers-war-board/): the United States ran its wartime propaganda through an openly named federal agency, the Office of War Information (OWI), and a government-subsidised… - [The UK's Counter Disinformation Unit and its sister units (2019 to 2024)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/uk-counter-disinformation-unit/): a small UK government team set up to track disinformation, first about elections and COVID-19 and later about Russia's invasion of Ukraine, had "trusted… - [The Union of Soviet Writers and socialist realism, 1932-1969](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/socialist-realism-union-of-writers/): a 1932 Party decree dissolved every independent literary group and ordered a single state-run Union in their place; its 1934 founding congress made… - [The US abortion debate:persuasion campaigns on both sides since the 1960s](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/abortion-debate-campaigns/): both movements in the US abortion debate chose names built on a single virtue word ("life", "choice"), both used vivid images of harm, and each has at… - [The Volkssturm:staging a 'people's storm' out of Nazi Germany's last conscription, 1944-45](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/volkssturm-mobilization-propaganda/): Between 25 September 1944 and Germany's surrender on 8 May 1945, Hitler's regime conscripted essentially every German male aged 16 to 60 who was not… - [The Wehrmachtbericht's collapse:from 'Endsieg' to Dönitz's surrender broadcasts, 1944-1945](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/wehrmachtbericht-collapse-and-surrender/): through 1944 the Wehrmacht High Command's daily communiqué described a collapsing war with a widening vocabulary of euphemism — "straightening the… - [The Yan'an Rectification Movement:doctrine, self-criticism and the Rescue Campaign (1942-1945)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/yanan-rectification-movement-1942-1945/): Between February 1942 and April 1945, at the Chinese Communist Party's wartime base in Yan'an, Mao Zedong's speeches on party style and art, the… - [Torches of Freedom:the 1929 Easter Parade cigarette march](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/torches-of-freedom-1929/): on Easter Sunday 1929 a small group of young women lit cigarettes on Fifth Avenue as a gesture for "equality of the sexes"; newspapers reported it as a… - [Two ladders to the top:the Napolas, the Adolf Hitler Schools, and the Reich's rival cadet pipelines (1933-1945)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/napola-adolf-hitler-schools/): From 1933 the state's Napolas (Nationalpolitische Erziehungsanstalten) and, from 1937, the NSDAP's rival Adolf Hitler Schools ran two separate, competing… - [Union and Confederate print, 1861-1865](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/us-civil-war-print/): both sides of the American Civil War sold the war on cheap paper: flag envelopes, lithographs, illustrated weeklies and photographs of starved prisoners… Content note: Racist caricature of Black people, with a slur. - [Voice of the Arabs and the Voice of Britain:the Arab radio war, 1953-1967](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/suez-radio-war/): Egypt's Voice of the Arabs broadcast to the whole Arab world, calling pro-Western rulers "lackeys of imperialism", while Britain ran an Arabic station… - [Votes for Women and the anti-suffrage campaigns, 1908 to 1920](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/suffrage-and-anti-suffrage/): both the US campaign for women's votes and the campaign against it ran mostly on open, signed persuasion (petitions, parades, hearings, leaflets), and… - [Walls, prisons and airwaves:republican and loyalist paramilitary propaganda in Northern Ireland](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/northern-ireland-paramilitary-murals/): in Northern Ireland's Troubles, republican and loyalist paramilitaries both turned gable walls, newspapers and the prisons into media channels, borrowing… - [Wartime censorship in the First World War:Britain, Germany, France and the United States](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/wwi-wartime-censorship/): between 1914 and 1918 all four governments put the press under wartime control, by statute, by military decree or through the post office; they suspended… - [Wartime radio voices:open and hidden broadcasts aimed at the enemy, 1939-1945](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/wartime-radio-voices/): in the Second World War each side broadcast to the other's troops and civilians, some under their own name (Joyce, Gillars and Toguri on German and… - [Wellington House and the Bryce Report:atrocity evidence, confirmed and unconfirmed (1914-1915)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/bryce-report-1915/): Britain put an eminent name on a large body of unsworn, anonymous refugee testimony, published it five days after the Lusitania sinking, and pushed it… - [Werwolf: Nazi Germany's propaganda of a nationwide resistance that barely existed, 1944-1945](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/werwolf-resistance-propaganda/): from around autumn 1944 the SS organized a small stay-behind sabotage unit called Werwolf; from March 1945 Joseph Goebbels's propaganda ministry turned… - [Why We Fight:the U.S. Army's orientation films, 1942-1945](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/why-we-fight-series/): the U.S. Army asked Hollywood director Frank Capra for films that would, in General Marshall's brief, explain to its draftees why the U.S. was fighting… - [Wonder weapons:how the Reich sold the V-1, V-2 and Me 262 as war-winners, 1944-1945](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/wunderwaffen-propaganda-1944-45/): from June 1944, as the Reich's armies collapsed on every front, Goebbels's ministry sold a flying bomb, a ballistic missile and a jet fighter as proof… - [World War II rumor clinics and rumor control (1940 to 1947)](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/wwii-rumor-clinics/): from March 1942 a Boston newspaper column, run with Harvard psychologists, printed one wartime rumor each Sunday beside the "FACT", and dozens of papers… - [Xinhua News Agency:China's state press apparatus, 1931-present](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/xinhua-news-agency-state-apparatus/): founded as a Red Army bulletin in 1931 and renamed Xinhua in Yan'an in 1937, the agency became in 1949 a ministerial-level arm of the state whose wire… - [Xinjiang's 'vocational training centres':the government's messaging and its critics'](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/xinjiang-training-centres-messaging/): the Chinese government moved from calling reports of mass detention in re-education centres untrue to presenting the centres as schools for "trainees"… - [Yeltsin on the tank:the broadcast image that framed the August 1991 coup's collapse](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/yeltsin-tank-resistance-broadcasts-1991/): on 19 August 1991, hours after the State Committee on the State of Emergency (GKChP) announced it had taken power and cut Mikhail Gorbachev off in… - [Zhongxuanbu:the Central Propaganda Department as the ruling party's standing ministry of message, 1949-2026](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/ccp-central-propaganda-department-institution/): Founded in May 1924 on the model of the Soviet Communist Party's Agitprop apparatus, the Chinese Communist Party's Central Propaganda Department became… - [¡Venceremos!:Cuba's 1961 literacy campaign, the primer, and the year-end declaration](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/cuba-literacy-campaign-1961/): In 1961 Cuba's government taught adults to read from a primer whose first lesson was the Organization of American States, glossed in the book as a tool… - [Órgano oficial del Comité Central:Cuba's standing media apparatus after 1959](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/cuba-state-media-apparatus/): From 1959 Havana replaced a competitive daily press and the large private radio chains with institutions that spoke in the state's own name — Prensa… ## Then and now - [Then and now:"and what about you?" (Soviet Union, Cold War; US, China and Russia, 2017–21)](https://propagandaarchive.org/then-and-now/whataboutism/): Soviet officials answered criticism of their own record by pointing at American racial violence, and between 2017 and 2021 a US president, a Chinese… Content note: Segregation sign using the racial term 'Colored' of its period. - [Then and now:"the Americans made it" (Soviet AIDS story 1983, Chinese Fort Detrick claim 2020)](https://propagandaarchive.org/then-and-now/lab-origin-stories/): twice in forty years, a one-party state answered a deadly new disease by spreading the claim that it came out of the same U.S. Army laboratory, Fort… - [Then and now:accusing the target of the attack you are about to launch (Mainila 1939, Ukraine 2022)](https://propagandaarchive.org/then-and-now/staged-pretexts/): in 1939 the Soviet Union said Finland had shelled its troops and invaded four days later; in 2022 Russia said Ukraine was committing genocide and… Content note: Photograph of Adolf Hitler addressing the Nazi-era Reichstag, with swastika emblems visible. - [Then and now:blaming Jews for disease (occupied Poland 1941, COVID-19 2020)](https://propagandaarchive.org/then-and-now/plague-libel/): in 1941 a genocidal occupation regime told Poles that Jews spread typhus; in 2020 scattered broadcasters, online networks and one state outlet claimed… Content note: Photograph of a typhus quarantine notice on a door in the Warsaw Ghetto, with a resident looking out. - [Then and now:campaign ads that imply the other side will kill you (Daisy 1964, Medicare cliff ad 2011)](https://propagandaarchive.org/then-and-now/campaign-fear-ads/): a 1964 presidential ad suggested, without naming him, that the Republican candidate would start a nuclear war; a 2011 advocacy ad showed a lookalike of a… - [Then and now:fear in public-health messaging (US 1940s, UK 2021)](https://propagandaarchive.org/then-and-now/health-fear/): two governments, eighty years apart, tried to change health behaviour by making the threat feel close and personal rather than by showing the numbers. - [Then and now:making every citizen a lookout (US home front 1942, "If You See Something, Say Something" 2010s)](https://propagandaarchive.org/then-and-now/citizen-vigilance/): in the Second World War the US government told Americans that a hidden enemy was listening; since 2010 it has asked them to watch for and report… - [Then and now:national and ethnic labels for an enemy or a disease (US 1942, US 2020)](https://propagandaarchive.org/then-and-now/ethnic-labels/): in both wartime America and pandemic America, a harm that came from abroad was given a national or ethnic label, and in both periods Americans of Asian… Content note: Ethnic slur against Japanese people in the headline. ## Campaign dossiers - [Brazil's WhatsApp and platform messaging networks, 2018 to 2022, and the state's response](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/brazil-whatsapp-networks-2018-2022/): Brazilian voters on WhatsApp, Telegram, Facebook, YouTube, Twitter and Kwai; and the reporters and researchers who covered the networks - [CENTCOM / Pentagon “gc_” newsroom network](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/centcom-gc-network/): Arabic- and Farsi-speaking audiences in the CENTCOM theater; secondary English-language feeds - [Gulf state-linked Twitter networks and the 2017 Gulf rift information war (2014-2020)](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/gulf-state-twitter-networks-2014-2020/): Arabic-language Twitter audiences in the Gulf, Libya, Sudan and the wider region; English-language US policy and press audiences; Twitter's own staff and… - [Hanover Institute for Public Policy (LaPam / Piro / Havas)](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/hanover-institute/): English-language public discourse and, specifically, the retrieval layer of search engines and chatbots on Gaza, IDF conduct, antisemitism definitions… - [Indian Chronicles:revived NGOs, look-alike outlets and a newswire relay (2005 to 2023)](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/indian-chronicles-network-2005-2020/): Members of the European Parliament and staff; UN Human Rights Council delegates and side-event audiences; Indian news readers; search-engine audiences… - [Information Research Department (UK Foreign Office), 1948-1977](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/information-research-department-1948-1977/): Opinion-formers rather than mass audiences: journalists, broadcasters, politicians, trade unionists, publishers and officials in Western Europe, Asia… - [Internet Research Agency (Russian operation aimed at US audiences, 2014 to 2018)](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/internet-research-agency-2014-2018/): US social media users of many political and social identities, with the 2016 presidential election as one of several targets - [Iran-origin Meta CIB — fake US activist personas (H2 2026)](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/iran-meta-cib-2026/): US domestic political audiences, journalists, and politicians; themes: anti-Republican messaging, immigration, Israel-Palestine - [Operation Matryoshka / Overload — German state elections 2026](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/matryoshka-germany-2026/): Voters and candidates in September 2026 German state and municipal elections (Saxony-Anhalt, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Berlin; Lower Saxony municipal)… - [Paid and volunteer online influence networks in Philippine politics, 2016 to 2022](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/philippines-troll-networks-2016-2022/): Filipino users of Facebook, Instagram and Twitter, and voters in the 2016, 2019 and 2022 elections; critics of the Duterte administration, including… - [Pentagon retired military analyst outreach (2002-2008)](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/pentagon-military-analyst-program-2002-2008/): U.S. television, radio and newspaper audiences, reached through retired officers who worked as paid network military analysts - [PRC-linked AI content farms targeting Taiwan](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/china-taiwan-ai-farms/): Taiwanese audiences and the 2026 local/municipal election information environment; secondary Traditional Chinese diaspora - [Russia Social Design Agency — Projects 2026](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/sda-projects-2026/): European public discourse and elections (France, Germany, Armenia, others); search indices and LLM retrieval; secondary Western citation ecosystems - [SCL Group and Cambridge Analytica:behavioural targeting, the Kogan data harvest and the regulatory record](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/cambridge-analytica-scl-2013-2018/): US voters (Facebook data on up to 87 million people, mostly in the US, by Facebook's estimate), plus the overseas election and defence clients of SCL - [South Africa's Department of Information secret projects, 1972-1979 ("Muldergate")](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/south-africa-department-of-information-1972-1979/): Foreign opinion-formers, legislators and newspaper readers (Britain, the United States, Western Europe); the English-language South African press and its… Content note: Protest banner calling a head of government a murderer of schoolchildren. - [The Islamic State media apparatus and the effort to dismantle it (2013-2019)](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/islamic-state-media-apparatus-2013-2019/): Arabic-speaking populations in and near its territory, Muslims and potential recruits abroad in several languages, and enemy governments and publics - [U.S. Committee on Public Information (Creel Committee), 1917-1919](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/committee-on-public-information-1917-1919/): The U.S. public, including foreign-language and organised-labour audiences; Allied and neutral publics abroad; enemy troops and civilians (by leaflet… - [US Cigarette Makers' Joint Doubt Programme (1953 to 2006)](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/tobacco-industry-doubt-campaign-1953-2006/): US smokers and the general public; physicians, journalists, legislators and regulators as secondary audiences ## Watch briefs - [ANO Dialog, as named in Meta's H2 2026 CIB report, rented local media brands and AI talking-heads to boost Strong Armenia while a 28 September NGO file restated the wider Russian stack.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-1142Z-ano-dialog-armenia-elections/): Meta's H2 2026 Adversarial Threat Report attributed a Coordinated Inauthentic Behavior network to ANO Dialog, a Moscow-city-founded organization also… - [China's Foreign Ministry used a one-sided White House readout to treat opposing Taiwan independence as the correct U.S. position after talks Trump's fact sheet did not mention.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0815Z-correction-prc-readout-taiwan-oppose/): On 24 September 2026 Xi Jinping met Donald Trump at the White House. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs English readout, updated 25 September, records Xi… - [UK Prime Minister Andy Burnham used UNGA catastrophe language to sell a National Centre for Information Defence as the remedy for a poisonous tide.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0810Z-correction-uk-ncid-burnham/): On 22 September 2026, in his first UN General Assembly address as prime minister, Andy Burnham described an industrial-scale assault on the UK… - [Justice Department reminder named public demonstrations among activities a foreign power's agent must register, drawing warnings that protest could be read as unregistered propaganda.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0805Z-correction-doj-fara-demonstrations/): On 16 September 2026 the U.S. Department of Justice Office of Public Affairs published a standalone reminder titled Liability for Unregistered Foreign… - [Qatar's International Media Office framed Israeli aid-to-Hamas reports as a far-right smear so UN-cleared transfers would read as civilian-only.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0800Z-correction-qatar-imo-scapegoat/): On 18 September 2026 the International Media Office of the State of Qatar posted a bilingual statement rejecting unnamed Israeli media reports about the… - [State Department proposed paying Southeast Asian creators to carry U.S. China-counter messaging.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0755Z-correction-state-asean-influencers/): On 30 August 2026 The Guardian reported it had reviewed an internal State Department proposal for an $11 million, multi-year campaign run through the… - [Ekō billed Meta from the United States for 15 unlabeled AI Brazil-election ads and reported that 13 of the 15 cleared automated review.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0750Z-correction-eko-meta-brazil-ads/): On 17-18 September 2026 Folha de S.Paulo and ISTOÉ Dinheiro reported an Ekō sting against Meta's Brazil ad filters. - [Sun Yat-sen University launched Huanyu Zhiying 1.0 so simulated foreign desks and silicon audiences would pre-tune China's crisis copy.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0745Z-correction-huanyu-zhiying/): On 12 April 2026 Sun Yat-sen University's School of Journalism and Communication and School of Software Engineering unveiled Huanyu Zhiying Large Model… - [Israel's Diaspora Ministry timed a govextra site and U.S. ad burst so UN Gaza reporting would read as a poison machine ahead of the General Assembly.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0740Z-correction-chikli-un-bias-site/): On 16-17 September 2026 Israel's Ministry of Diaspora Affairs and Combating Antisemitism, under Minister Amichai Chikli, launched an English site at… - [A House subcommittee titled its hearing Trojan Horses, framing China-Iran-Cuba influence as covert access through U.S. nonprofits and streamers.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0735Z-correction-house-trojan-horses/): On 15 September 2026 the House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on South and Central Asia held a hearing in Rayburn 2172 titled Trojan Horses: Covert Foreign… - [A China-funded Lancang-Mekong forum in Phnom Penh launched Zero Fake News awards so a government anti-misinformation campaign would read as shared regional literacy.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0730Z-correction-lmc-zero-fake-news/): On 17 September 2026 Cambodia's Ministry of Information hosted the Zero Fake News Media Forum and Awards 2026 at the Sun and Moon Riverside Hotel in… - [A Bangui radio desk used Claude to write pro-Moscow, anti-France copy for Radio Lengo Songo so an SVR-assessed Politology shop would sound like a local station.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0725Z-correction-gtg04001-lengo-songo/): Anthropic case GTG-04001, published 10 September 2026 and restated by Euronews on 16 September, records a Russian-speaking operator in Bangui who used… - [Tricontinental, funded in part by a Shanghai-based donor, carried Hands Off Asia from an X slogan through a webinar Newsweek places as Beijing-chaired, a Colombo declaration; Newsweek links it to August U.S. anti-base meetings.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0720Z-correction-hands-off-asia-singham/): On 16 September 2026 Newsweek published Didi Kirsten Tatlow's investigation of Hands Off Asia, a slogan that first appeared in early March on the X… - [Meta left an unlabeled deepfake of a Scottish Labour councillor saying refugees are welcome even if they rape, until the Oversight Board ordered it down as hate speech.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0715Z-correction-meta-oversight-deepfake/): On 17 September 2026 the Meta Oversight Board published case fb-92ioq88s and overturned the company's decision to leave up a November 2025 Facebook video… - [Flock Safety partnered with a new D.C. nonprofit that used AI-gated texts to generate Knox County resident emails supporting license-plate readers after commissioners moved to cancel the cameras.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0710Z-correction-flock-neighbors-astroturf/): On 17 September 2026 The Intercept reported Flock Safety partnered with Neighbors for Strong Communities to generate resident emails supporting Flock… - [Qatar's Washington deputy labeled Section 117 critics a coordinated disinformation cell as ISGAP read Cornell's $1.08 billion Doha medical-school filing as first listing faculty restrictions in 2026 for a 2020 start.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0705Z-correction-qatar-campus-mirror/): On 5 September 2026 Qatar's deputy chief of mission in Washington, Hamad Al-Muftah, posted a diagram on X naming the Foundation for Defense of… - [A House witness cited OpenAI's Data Center Bandwagon and a 200-account X farm as part of a PRC effort to stall U.S. AI buildout; the cited platform records show low reach.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0700Z-correction-prc-datacenter-bandwagon/): On 15 September 2026 Sam Lyman of the Bitcoin Policy Institute told the House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on South and Central Asia that China was using… - [The Pentagon placed conservative influencers in SGE and HQE slots while their X handles still read as independent veterans and data analysts.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0655Z-correction-pentagon-sge-influencers/): On 24 August 2026 the Department of War confirmed to Associated Press Pentagon reporter Konstantin Toropin that Jennica Pounds, who posts as… - [Tricontinental and the International Peoples' Assembly moved Hands Off Asia from a March slogan to a July declaration and August U.S. rallies across Asian and U.S. venues.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0650Z-correction-hands-off-asia-singham/): On 16 September 2026 Newsweek published Didi Kirsten Tatlow's investigation of the Hands Off Asia campaign. - [Chikli's ministry sold a six-chapter UN-bias site to U.S. journalists as a ministry case that UN famine and genocide language was manufactured.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0645Z-correction-chikli-un-narrative-site/): On 16 September 2026 Israel's Ministry of Diaspora Affairs and Combating Antisemitism launched an English-facing digital campaign timed to the UN General… - [America PAC made daughter-danger ads its midterm turnout issue in four Senate races; Axios notes voters rank the economy first.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0640Z-correction-america-pac-trans-ads/): Between 8 and 10 September 2026, America PAC, the Elon Musk-backed super PAC first built for the 2024 Trump campaign, placed a cluster of digital and… - [DHS Secretary Mullin paired a true China-parts fact with compromise language and grant conditions ahead of the midterms.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0635Z-correction-dhs-china-voting-parts/): On 24 August 2026 Homeland Security Secretary Markwayne Mullin sent the White House Transparency Task Force an unclassified letter stating that voting… - [Future of Life Institute held a Washington Pro-Human Assembly and ran an $8 million ad campaign pressing AI-risk regulation.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0630Z-correction-fli-pro-human-assembly/): On 15 September 2026 the Future of Life Institute hosted the Pro-Human Assembly in Washington, putting Sen. - [An institute funded by a Shanghai-based American donor chaired a Beijing webinar that turned Hands Off Asia into U.S. city protest copy against American bases.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0625Z-correction-hands-off-asia-tricontinental/): On 16 September 2026 Newsweek published a dated map of Hands Off Asia, a campaign against U.S. military basing in allied Asia. - [A MAGA influencer registered under FARA to promote an Israeli-founded drone maker as America First for $20,000 a month; the filing did not appear on his convention clip.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0620Z-correction-pearson-xtend-fara/): On 10 September 2026 Pearson Unlimited, LLC, the vehicle of Gen Z MAGA influencer CJ Pearson, registered under FARA to represent Xtend Reality, Inc., a… - [A Shanghai-based donor's funding reached U.S. tax-exempt newsrooms and activist hubs as a House panel held a Trojan Horses hearing on the same graph.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0615Z-correction-singham-trojan-horses-hearing/): On 15 September 2026 at 14:00 ET the House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on South and Central Asia is scheduled to convene Trojan Horses: Covert Foreign… - [MSS minister Chen Yixin used a signed China Cyberspace essay to park deepfakes and intelligent troll armies on unnamed hostile forces and to justify Party control of AI.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0610Z-correction-mss-chen-cognitive-war/): On 13 September 2026, Minister of State Security Chen Yixin published a signed essay in China Cyberspace magazine (WeChat public account and 2026 issue… - [DHS and the White House used unlicensed Transformers and Tetris skins to promote deportation policy, then pulled the items after the brand owners objected.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0605Z-correction-dhs-transformers-arcade/): Between 3 and 10 September 2026 the Department of Homeland Security and the White House published official pop-culture marketing for deportation policy. - [Meta opened Community Notes testing in 16 Latin American countries as a planned replacement for third-party fact-checking](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0600Z-correction-meta-community-notes-latam/): Meta's transparency page, updated 9 September 2026, says Community Notes is now open for contributor sign-up in sixteen Spanish-speaking countries and… - [State Department DRL democracy funds for European civilizational-heritage work drop French applicants after Paris calls the grant foreign interference.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0555Z-correction-state-drl-europe-france/): On 13 July 2026 the State Department's Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor posted NOFO DFOP0019307, Developing Civilizational Bonds, Democratic… - [Soufan Center 9/11 book does not disclose its founder's Qatari academy post or a $500,000 academy fee; it treats Hamas as an Iran proxy and Qatar as a venue.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0550Z-correction-qatar-soufan-qiass/): In September 2026 The Soufan Center published 25 Years After 9/11: The Future of the Global Jihadi Movement, a 9/11-anniversary volume edited by Colin P.… - [Russia-aligned Matryoshka network uses fabricated media impersonations, AI voiceovers and selective smears to target German state-election candidates while sparing AfD and BSW](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0545Z-correction-russia-matryoshka-germany-elections/): Germany’s Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (BfV) and independent monitors (ISD, CeMAS, DW, Antibot4Navalny) documented an ongoing… - [China-linked operators use ChatGPT-generated cartoons and inauthentic X accounts to amplify US opposition to AI data centers](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0540Z-correction-china-data-center-influence/): OpenAI’s June 2026 threat report documented PRC-origin ChatGPT accounts (Data Center Bandwagon cluster) generating English-language comments and AI… - [Pentagon-linked Arabic and Farsi ‘newsrooms’ run gray propaganda via buried About-page disclosure and paid social reach](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0535Z-correction-centcom-gc-network/): Open-source investigations in April–May 2026 identified Al-Fassel News (Arabic) and Pishtaz News (Farsi) as members of a US government-funded cluster of… - [China’s Clean Internet 2026 campaign punishes unofficial accounts of Tibet-Nepal border flood, enforcing official death-toll narrative while deleting alternative reports](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0530Z-correction-china-clean-internet-tibet-flood/): Guardian reporting of 8 September 2026 documents Chinese authorities applying the Ministry of Public Security’s Clean Internet 2026 campaign to the 26… - [Anonymously funded operators deploy AI-generated Local Government Accountability Institute, billed as nonpartisan, to attack Florida county commissioners](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0525Z-correction-us-darkmoney-lgai-sarasota-ai-thinktank/): Investigative reporting by MS NOW and Florida Trident documents that the Local Government Accountability Institute (LGAI), a Wyoming-incorporated entity… - [Russian Matryoshka (Operation Overload/Storm-1679) continues flooding German state and municipal elections with fabricated media videos, AI voiceovers and false allegations against CDU, SPD, Greens, FDP and Die Linke candidates while sparing AfD and BSW](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0520Z-correction-russia-matryoshka-germany-elections/): ISD investigation of 4 September 2026 documented 269 Matryoshka posts on X between 24 June and 1 September 2026 targeting Saxony-Anhalt… - [Chinese content farms leave AI prompt artifacts revealing Taiwan-targeted narrative production; Meta and researchers document ongoing proxy and generative-AI assisted networks](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0515Z-correction-china-taiwan-ai-content-farm/): A research team led by Dr. Austin H. Wang identified an undeleted AI prompt line in a Chinese content-farm post that explicitly instructed writers to… - [RSF investigation shows major AI chatbots retrieve and redistribute EU-sanctioned Russian state media content on demand](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0510Z-correction-rsf-ai-russian-sanctions/): Reporters Without Borders (RSF) testing in June–August 2026, published 1–2 September, found that ChatGPT, Claude, Grok, Gemini, Vibe and Mira readily… - [Pentagon gives undisclosed civilian roles to military-veteran influencers who post in support of Defense Secretary Hegseth on X](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260929-0505Z-correction-us-dod-influencers/): Washington Post reporting corroborated by Pentagon records shows retired colonels Rob Maness, Kurt Schlichter and Thomas Anderson (Cynical Publius)… - [An Iran-linked Hebrew persona ring, as mapped by Golden Owl and copied by Ynet and The Jerusalem Post, posed as Israeli voters to move fraud, draft, and emigration fights before the 27 October election.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260928-1600Z-iran-hebrew-election-personas/): On 24 September 2026 the commercial OSINT shop Golden Owl published a two-phase study of Hebrew-language X accounts that present as Israeli women… - [A Russia-attributed social campaign, as logged by Ukraine's CCD, sold alleged servicemen as Maidan leaders to pull troops into anti-mobilization protests.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260927-1600Z-ru-ccd-maidan-protests/): On 26 September 2026 Ukraine's Center for Countering Disinformation under the National Security and Defense Council said it was recording a large-scale… - [China's Foreign Ministry used a one-sided White House readout to treat opposing Taiwan independence as the correct U.S. position after talks Trump's fact sheet did not mention.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260926-1600Z-prc-readout-taiwan-oppose/): On 24 September 2026 Xi Jinping met Donald Trump at the White House. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs English readout, updated 25 September, records Xi… - [Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian used the UNGA podium to throw the terrorism charge back at Washington and Jerusalem and to recast wartime Iran as a victim that does not hit civilians.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260925-1600Z-pezeshkian-unga-mirror/): On 23 September 2026, President Masoud Pezeshkian addressed the 81st UN General Assembly one day after Donald Trump used the same hall to call Iran a… - [UK Prime Minister Andy Burnham used UNGA catastrophe language to sell a National Centre for Information Defence as the remedy for a poisonous tide.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260924-1612Z-uk-ncid-burnham/): On 22 September 2026, in his first UN General Assembly address as prime minister, Andy Burnham described an industrial-scale assault on the UK… - [An Israel-based influence-for-hire shop used AI comment clusters it called Mother-Child so rented local brands would read as civic speech in France, the UK, Australia, and Africa.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260923-1700Z-israel-cib-mother-child/): Meta's H2 2026 Adversarial Threat Report describes an Israel-origin Coordinated Inauthentic Behavior network run as commercial influence-for-hire for… - [Justice Department stretched FARA's agent test onto public demonstrations so protest could read as unregistered propaganda.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260922-1625Z-doj-fara-demonstrations/): On 16 September 2026 the U.S. Department of Justice Office of Public Affairs published a standalone reminder titled Liability for Unregistered Foreign… - [RSF's China Propaganda Monitor showed state copy and WeChat-tasked diaspora sites traveling as independent local news.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260921-1630Z-rsf-china-monitor/): On 21 September 2026 Reporters Without Borders released Propaganda Monitor — The China Edition, the second volume in a series that began with Russia. - [A Kremlin-attributed Matryoshka video farm branded celebrity deepfakes as CNN so midterm attacks on Democrats would read as news.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260920-1600Z-matryoshka-midterms/): From 10 September 2026 a network researchers call Matryoshka, Operation Overload, or Storm-1679 seeded X, Bluesky, and TikTok with videos that pasted the… - [Qatar's International Media Office framed Israeli aid-to-Hamas reports as a far-right smear so UN-cleared transfers would read as civilian-only.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260919-1600Z-qatar-imo-scapegoat/): On 18 September 2026 the International Media Office of the State of Qatar posted a bilingual statement rejecting unnamed Israeli media reports about the… - [State Department proposed paying Southeast Asian creators so U.S. China-counter copy would read as local speech.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260918-2105Z-state-asean-influencers/): On 30 August 2026 The Guardian reported it had reviewed an internal State Department proposal for an $11 million, multi-year campaign run through the… - [PRC-linked shops used Chinese open models and rented American voices so bill-shock copy would read as neighbor speech against U.S. data centers.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260918-2010Z-prc-datacenter-agents/): On 18 September 2026 The New York Times, restated by Ynet, said unnamed U.S. officials described a China state-backed experiment pairing downloadable… - [Russia's SVR timed an EU-chaos brief so Duma-day cyber noise would read as Brussels sabotage rather than a managed vote.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260918-1900Z-svr-duma-mirror/): On 31 August 2026 the press bureau of Russia's Foreign Intelligence Service published Zapad vovsyu gotovitsya k vyboram v Rossii. - [Iran-linked agents used Chinese open-source models to stand up American-looking accounts so rented personas would read as U.S. political speech.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260918-1810Z-iran-agent-farm/): On 18 September 2026 The New York Times, restated the same day by Ynet, reported that Iran, China, and two Israeli private firms had begun combining… - [A reusable West African follow-farm on X inflated Swedish political accounts so rented consensus would look like local demand.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260918-1716Z-sweden-cib-follows/): On 12 September 2026 SVT Verifierar, with Trollrensics and Alliance4Europe, reported thousands of X accounts geolocated to Nigeria, Benin, Côte d'Ivoire… - [Haaretz reconstructed a thirty-person Free the Kidnapped cell that sold Hamas is ISIS websites against Qatar, then vanished the domains a month later.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260918-1620Z-haaretz-anti-qatar-cell/): On 14 September 2026 Haaretz reported that, on the sixth day after the 7 October 2023 Hamas attacks, about thirty Israeli campaign operatives… - [Ekō billed Meta from the United States for 15 unlabeled AI Brazil-election ads so an 87-percent auto-approval would read as a foreign hand already inside the vote.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260918-1530Z-eko-meta-brazil-ads/): On 17-18 September 2026 Folha de S.Paulo and ISTOÉ Dinheiro reported an Ekō sting against Meta's Brazil ad filters. - [Sun Yat-sen University launched Huanyu Zhiying 1.0 so simulated foreign desks and silicon audiences would pre-tune China's crisis copy.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260918-1440Z-huanyu-zhiying/): On 12 April 2026 Sun Yat-sen University's School of Journalism and Communication and School of Software Engineering unveiled Huanyu Zhiying Large Model… - [Four Claude accounts fed Sputnik, RIA Novosti and RT so one rewrite of Moldovan politics would read as separate newsrooms.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260918-1340Z-gtg24015-sputnik-desk/): Anthropic case GTG-24015, published 10 September 2026, records four accounts that used Claude as an editorial desk for Russian state media. - [Fars and IRIB sold an unnamed Elaj snitch site so diaspora critics would read as traitors due a legal bill.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260918-0414Z-elaj-diaspora-snitch/): On 14 September 2026 Fars News Agency announced that a monitoring platform named Elaj (علاج, Cure) had begun work to identify and punish khainan-e… - [Israel's Diaspora Ministry timed a govextra site and U.S. ad burst so UN Gaza reporting would read as a poison machine ahead of the General Assembly.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260918-0310Z-chikli-un-bias-site/): On 16-17 September 2026 Israel's Ministry of Diaspora Affairs and Combating Antisemitism, under Minister Amichai Chikli, launched an English site at… - [A House subcommittee titled its hearing Trojan Horses so China-Iran-Cuba influence would read as a hidden army inside U.S. nonprofits and streamers.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260918-0208Z-house-trojan-horses/): On 15 September 2026 the House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on South and Central Asia held a hearing in Rayburn 2172 titled Trojan Horses: Covert Foreign… - [Drumbeat Labs paid purpose-built local TikTok and Instagram accounts to deliver scripted cost-of-living grievance with almost no paid-content label.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260918-0115Z-drumbeat-ugc-astroturf/): ShadowGraph Intelligence report SGI-2026-CIB-004, published 15 August 2026 and revised 18 August 2026, mapped 113 TikTok and Instagram accounts across… - [A China-funded Lancang-Mekong forum in Phnom Penh launched Zero Fake News awards so government rumour-control would read as shared regional literacy.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260918-0005Z-lmc-zero-fake-news/): On 17 September 2026 Cambodia's Ministry of Information hosted the Zero Fake News Media Forum and Awards 2026 at the Sun and Moon Riverside Hotel in… - [Matryoshka reused Cameo clips and a stolen CNN mark so U.S. midterm feeds would treat celebrity smears of Democrats as news.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260917-2320Z-matryoshka-midterms/): From 10 September 2026 a cluster of short videos branded with CNN's logo began circulating on X, Bluesky, and TikTok under #AllDemocratsAreCriminals and… - [A 23-site AI web farm seeded chatbots with fake Alberta voters and a wrong referendum date so retrieval systems would repeat the Yes line as local fact.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260917-2213Z-alberta-chatbot-corpus/): On 4 September 2026 Canada's National Observer published Rory White's reconstruction of 23 AI-generated websites that promote Alberta independence while… - [IRGC-affiliated CyberAv3ngers used cheap PLC lockouts and defacement slogans so U.S. water incidents would read as a homeland terror front.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260917-2100Z-cyberav3ngers-water-psyop/): On 17 September 2026 Kharon published Ian Talley's reconstruction of the 2026 U.S. water-system wave as information operations first: cheap lockouts of… - [A Bangui radio desk used Claude to write pro-Moscow, anti-France copy for Radio Lengo Songo so an SVR-assessed Politology shop would sound like a local station.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260917-2000Z-gtg04001-lengo-songo/): Anthropic case GTG-04001, published 10 September 2026 and restated by Euronews on 16 September, records a Russian-speaking operator in Bangui who used… - [Tricontinental and a Shanghai-based donor pipeline moved Hands Off Asia from an X slogan through a Beijing webinar and Colombo declaration into August U.S. anti-base rallies.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260917-1907Z-hands-off-asia-singham/): On 16 September 2026 Newsweek published Didi Kirsten Tatlow's investigation of Hands Off Asia, a slogan that first appeared in early March on the X… - [Citizen Lab published BlackCore's Angola training file:a 14-week Israeli contractor course that taught state staff to run fake personas and a phantom news page.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260917-1820Z-blackcore-angola-train/): On 17 September 2026 the University of Toronto's Citizen Lab published a research note by Alberto Fittarelli, John Scott-Railton, and Maia Scott on… - [Meta left an unlabeled deepfake of a Scottish Labour councillor saying refugees are welcome even if they rape, until the Oversight Board ordered it down as hate speech.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260917-1717Z-meta-oversight-deepfake/): On 17 September 2026 the Meta Oversight Board published case fb-92ioq88s and overturned the company's decision to leave up a November 2025 Facebook video… - [Flock Safety partnered with a new D.C. nonprofit that used AI-gated texts to manufacture Knox County support for license-plate readers after commissioners moved to cancel the cameras.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260917-1607Z-flock-neighbors-astroturf/): On 17 September 2026 The Intercept reported Flock Safety partnered with Neighbors for Strong Communities to generate resident emails supporting Flock… - [Qatar's Washington deputy labeled Section 117 critics a coordinated disinformation cell while Cornell's $1.08 billion Doha medical-school contract first listed faculty restrictions six years late.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260917-1505Z-qatar-campus-mirror/): On 5 September 2026 Qatar's deputy chief of mission in Washington, Hamad Al-Muftah, posted a diagram on X naming the Foundation for Defense of… - [Quiet watch:no load-bearing influence case this cycle](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260917-1425Z-quiet/): The last three filed briefs covered a France-Spain freelancer CIB selling patriotic Pages for anti-Ukraine and Moscow-Sahel copy (1300Z), a… - [France-Spain freelancers sold patriotic local pages so Moscow-Sahel military copy and anti-Ukraine lines could travel as community brands.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260917-1300Z-france-spain-sahel-cib/): Meta's H2 2026 Adversarial Threat Report, posted 27 August 2026 and still the load-bearing primary this cycle, records a Coordinated Inauthentic Behavior… - [A reusable West African X farm mass-followed Swedish voices so a mid-September election looked more right-wing and more crowded than the follower graph was.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260917-0405Z-sweden-guns-for-hire/): On 12 September 2026, two days before Sweden voted, SVT published a joint investigation with Trollrensics and Alliance4Europe into a standing commercial… - [A House witness restacked OpenAI's Data Center Bandwagon and a 200-account X farm so local ratepayer fights would read as a PRC veto of U.S. AI buildout.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260917-0310Z-prc-datacenter-bandwagon/): On 15 September 2026 Sam Lyman of the Bitcoin Policy Institute told the House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on South and Central Asia that China was using… - [Three Iranian propaganda offices used Claude as a staff shop to plan soft-war personas and paste IRGC lines onto Western think-tank letterhead.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260917-0205Z-iran-claude-gtg34001/): On 10 September 2026 Anthropic published Detecting and countering misuse of AI, covering activity disrupted between December 2025 and August 2026. - [The Pentagon parked conservative influencers in SGE and HQE slots while their X handles still read as independent veterans and data analysts.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260917-0110Z-pentagon-sge-influencers/): On 24 August 2026 the Department of War confirmed to Associated Press Pentagon reporter Konstantin Toropin that Jennica Pounds, who posts as… - [Matryoshka laid cloned Cameo voices and a stolen CNN bug over celebrity faces so midterm voters would hear Hollywood denounce Democrats.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260917-0022Z-matryoshka-cameo-midterms/): On 10 September 2026, clips branded with an unauthorized CNN logo began circulating on X, Bluesky and TikTok under #AllDemocratsAreCriminals and… - [Tricontinental and the International Peoples' Assembly moved Hands Off Asia from a March slogan to a July declaration and August U.S. rallies as if it were a continent speaking.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260916-2318Z-hands-off-asia-singham/): On 16 September 2026 Newsweek published Didi Kirsten Tatlow's investigation of the Hands Off Asia campaign. - [Chikli's ministry sold a six-chapter UN-bias site to U.S. journalists as the famine and genocide record rather than as a government brief.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260916-2215Z-chikli-un-narrative-site/): On 16 September 2026 Israel's Ministry of Diaspora Affairs and Combating Antisemitism launched an English-facing digital campaign timed to the UN General… - [America PAC sold daughter-danger copy as the midterm turnout issue in four Senate races while voters ranked the economy first.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260916-2100Z-america-pac-trans-ads/): Between 8 and 10 September 2026, America PAC, the Elon Musk-backed super PAC first built for the 2024 Trump campaign, placed a cluster of digital and… - [Fars and IRIB sold Alaj as civic healing while it crowdsourced traitor dossiers on Iranians abroad.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260916-2000Z-alaj-diaspora-traitors/): On 14 September 2026 Fars News Agency announced a monitoring system named Alaj (Persian for remedy) to identify and punish traitors abroad. - [Lavrov told festival youth that Europe talking about war would make a very short war, and that Western troops in Ukraine would be a declaration of one.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260916-1900Z-lavrov-yekaterinburg-short-war/): On 16 September 2026 Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov spoke in Yekaterinburg at the International Festival of Youth session New World Architecture… - [United Front shops staged a first national Ethnic Unity Publicity Week so community-of-the-nation language would travel as law, museum, and school lesson.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260916-1800Z-ccp-ethnic-unity-week/): On 15 September 2026 Xinhua reported a Beijing media briefing that the first Ethnic Unity and Progress Publicity Week under the Ethnic Unity and Progress… - [DHS Secretary Mullin used a true China-parts fact and grant leverage to make midterm machine counts sound unverifiable.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260916-1710Z-dhs-china-voting-parts/): On 24 August 2026 Homeland Security Secretary Markwayne Mullin sent the White House Transparency Task Force an unclassified letter stating that voting… - [A UAE-directed operator used Claude to staff 300 fake influencers, a cloned human-rights NGO, and UN testimony that never named Abu Dhabi.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260916-1605Z-uae-claude-unhrc/): Anthropic's 10 September 2026 threat report, still the load-bearing primary this cycle, describes case GTG-84002: a single operator ran an AI persona… - [Drumbeat Labs paid new TikTok and Instagram personas to sell localized cost-of-living grievance without a sponsor label.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260916-1520Z-drumbeat-undisclosed-ugc/): A Shadowgraph Intel catalog dated 15 August 2026 and still circulating on 15-16 September maps 113 TikTok and Instagram accounts across ten U.S. states… - [An Israeli influence cell built multilingual Hamas-is-ISIS sites against Qatar after October 7, then pulled the campaign without telling the volunteers.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260916-1420Z-israel-anti-qatar-cell/): On 14 September 2026 Haaretz published an investigation of a WhatsApp group named Free the Kidnapped, assembled on about the sixth day after the 7… - [A Kremlin-chaired Yekaterinburg youth festival pasted Nuremberg memory onto Ukraine as twenty-first-century neo-Nazism for ten thousand foreign guests.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260916-1330Z-yekaterinburg-memory-catastrophe/): On 13 September 2026 the Museum of Contemporary History of Russia opened Catastrophe of Memory. - [A Florida-linked site factory seeded 23 AI-written Alberta pages so chatbots would cite fake farmers and a wrong referendum date.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260916-1220Z-alberta-koizo-chatbot/): On 4 September 2026 Canada's National Observer published a reconstruction of 23 websites written for retrieval rather than for human readers, promoting… - [Future of Life Institute staged a Washington Pro-Human Assembly and an $8 million ordinary-face ad line to sell AI-extinction risk as commonsense regulation.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260916-1115Z-fli-pro-human-assembly/): On 15 September 2026 the Future of Life Institute hosted the Pro-Human Assembly in Washington, putting Sen. - [A Shanghai-funded institute chaired a Beijing webinar that turned Hands Off Asia into U.S. city protest copy against American bases.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260916-1010Z-hands-off-asia-tricontinental/): On 16 September 2026 Newsweek published a dated map of Hands Off Asia, a campaign against U.S. military basing in allied Asia. - [A MEK/NCRI-aligned Claude agent named Viktor cloned a real activist's Telegram voice and sold Rajavi copy as ordinary Iranian speech.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260916-0900Z-mek-ncri-viktor/): Anthropic case GTG-84006, published 10 September 2026 and still moving through IranWire on 14 September and independent condensers on 14-15 September… - [A MAGA influencer sold America First costume to an Israeli drone maker under a $20,000-a-month FARA contract while the filing stayed off the convention clip.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260916-0215Z-pearson-xtend-fara/): On 10 September 2026 Pearson Unlimited, LLC, the vehicle of Gen Z MAGA influencer CJ Pearson, registered under FARA to represent Xtend Reality, Inc., a… - [A Shanghai-based donor stack used U.S. tax-exempt newsrooms and activist hubs as local mouths while a House panel staged a Trojan Horses hearing on the same graph.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260915-1317Z-singham-trojan-horses-hearing/): On 15 September 2026 at 14:00 ET the House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on South and Central Asia is scheduled to convene Trojan Horses: Covert Foreign… - [Matryoshka pasted CNN skins and celebrity Cameo deepfakes onto anti-Democrat midterm videos and then attacked the first debunk.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260915-1015Z-matryoshka-us-midterms/): On 11-15 September 2026, Antibot4Navalny, MS NOW, The Insider, AFP and Le Monde documented a new Matryoshka / Operation Overload / Storm-1679 wave aimed… - [An Istanbul vendor sold Malaysia a counter-disinfo costume while Claude-built dossiers, 1,000 X socks and Malaysia Pulse laundered Xinhua and Sputnik as local news.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260915-0617Z-bbs-malaysia-pulse/): Anthropic case GTG-84005, published 10 September 2026 and still moving on 13-14 September as malaysiapulse.com went dark, maps a commercial… - [Three Iranian state propaganda shops used Claude to director-launder IRGC copy as independent voices across six languages.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260915-0015Z-iran-gtg34001-icco-manjanegh/): Anthropic case GTG-34001, published 10 September 2026 and still moving on 14 September via Jewish Insider and Algemeiner, describes three banned Claude… - [Virelox paid on-camera actors to read AI-assisted anti-Democrat scripts so YouTube's synthetic-media labels would not fire.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260914-1810Z-virelox-youtube-ghost-creators/): Semafor on 2 September 2026 and Riddance AI's parallel report document a YouTube and TikTok line of hybrid personas they call ghost creators. - [A FARA-registered Qatari lobbyist and PMO-adjacent aides laundered Doha talking points into Israeli news while a volunteer anti-Qatar pressure line was stood up and then erased.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260914-1717Z-qatar-footlik-pmo-whatsapp/): On 14 September 2026 Haaretz reported that about thirty Israeli campaign and influence specialists formed a WhatsApp group on day six of the October 2023… - [Operation Matryoshka seeded fake ARD and BBC skins plus celebrity deepfakes to smear 53 German candidates before the September Landtag votes.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260914-1425Z-matryoshka-german-landtag/): Between late June and early September 2026 the Russian-aligned line known as Matryoshka, Operation Overload, or Storm-1679 ran English-language short… - [Drumbeat Labs paid U.S. TikTok and Instagram personas to air cost-of-living grievance as local talk, with almost none of the persuasion posts labeled paid.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260914-1117Z-drumbeat-undisclosed-tiktok/): Drumbeat Labs LLC, a Delaware company incorporated 22 March 2024, recruits U.S. creators on hellodrumbeat.com to post short videos about news and culture… - [MSS minister Chen Yixin used a signed China Cyberspace essay to park deepfakes and intelligent troll armies on unnamed hostile forces and to justify Party control of AI.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260914-0810Z-mss-chen-cognitive-war/): On 13 September 2026, Minister of State Security Chen Yixin published a signed essay in China Cyberspace magazine (WeChat public account and 2026 issue… - [DHS and the White House used unlicensed Transformers and Tetris skins to sell deportation as play, then pulled the items after the brand owners objected.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260914-0510Z-dhs-transformers-arcade/): Between 3 and 10 September 2026 the Department of Homeland Security and the White House published official pop-culture marketing for deportation policy. - [A Bangui Claude desk staffed Radio Lengo Songo and the Russian House so pro-Russia, anti-France copy could air as local CAR news.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260913-1615Z-car-politology-lengo-songo/): Anthropic case GTG-04001 in the September 2026 threat-intelligence report, still moving on X this cycle via Critical Threats and regional analysts… - [A UAE-directed Claude persona named Deadshot built a cloned Swiss NGO, ghostwritten UN testimony and about 300 fake influencers to wash anti-Brotherhood and Sudan copy.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260913-0300Z-uae-claude-deadshot/): Anthropic's September 2026 threat-intelligence report, published 10-11 September and still circulating on 12 September, says a single actor used Claude… - [Tehran-based Explosive Media sold Lego-style AI war videos as independent content while Canada and a BBC interview tied the shop to the Iranian state.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260912-1800Z-iran-explosive-media-lego/): Rapid Response Mechanism Canada, in an open-source assessment still on Global Affairs Canada's site this cycle, links Explosive Media, a Tehran-based… - [Meta opened Community Notes testing in 16 Latin American countries as a planned replacement for third-party fact-checking](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260912-1700Z-meta-community-notes-latam/): Meta's transparency page, updated 9 September 2026, says Community Notes is now open for contributor sign-up in sixteen Spanish-speaking countries and… - [A French advertising firm used Claude to staff about 70 fake newsrooms and sell ideology-shifting political copy as influence-as-a-service](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260912-1300Z-lkm-france-influence-as-service/): Anthropic's September 2026 threat-intelligence report traces a commercial influence operation to LKM Company, a France-based digital advertising agency. - [A Riga clipping shop paid global subcontractors to flood U.S. feeds with unlabeled GOP shorts staged as grassroots support.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260912-1000Z-clipit-elephant-clipping/): On 2 September 2026 The Atlantic's Ali Breland reported that ClipIt, promoted from Riga by an operator who uses the handle Serviuos, is running a… - [Russian milbloggers and a subset of units used AI-altered flag-raising videos to claim Ukrainian towns their forces had not seized.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260912-0900Z-ru-ai-flag-videos/): On 10 September 2026 the Institute for the Study of War documented a June-to-August production line of AI-generated and AI-altered flag-raising videos… - [Central Propaganda Department outlets held Gyirong flood news to a Xinhua tonggao while Weibo topics on the reopened port were pulled.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260912-0800Z-gyirong-opinion-guidance/): On 9 September 2026 the China Media Project documented how, after the 26 August glacial collapse and mudslide at Gyirong Port on the China-Nepal border… - [Israel's ad agency, through Havas and Piro, stood up the unstaffed Hanover Institute so chatbots would cite question-shaped reports as research.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260912-0700Z-hanover-piro-lapam-llms/): Piro, Inc., FARA registration 7732, opened 2 June 2026 to represent Havas Media Germany GmbH on behalf of the Israel Government Advertising Agency (LaPam). - [A FARA-registered Qatar lobbyist opened a WhatsApp group with a Netanyahu spokesman so Doha talking points could travel as PMO and security briefings.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260912-0600Z-qatar-footlik-pmo-whatsapp/): On 11 September 2026 Haaretz's Gidi Weitz published a reconstruction of a WhatsApp group opened in April 2024 by Jay Footlik, a U.S. businessman… - [Iranian state propaganda offices used Claude to staff soft-war planning, launder IRGC lines as foreign voices, and pin false claims on CSIS, Brookings and RAND.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260912-0500Z-iran-gtg-34001-icco-bina/): Anthropic case GTG-34001, published 10 September 2026 and restated on 11 September by Al Arabiya, Al-Monitor, CTech and Iran International, documents… - [State Department DRL democracy funds for European civilizational-heritage work drop French applicants after Paris calls the grant foreign interference.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260912-0400Z-state-drl-europe-france/): On 13 July 2026 the State Department's Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor posted NOFO DFOP0019307, Developing Civilizational Bonds, Democratic… - [Russian state-media desks used Claude as a sub-editor so Sputnik, RIA and RT copy could look independently confirmed across Moldova, Latin America and Africa.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260912-0300Z-gtg-24015-russian-state-media-claude/): Anthropic case GTG-24015, published 10 September 2026 and restated on 11 September by The Insider, HotNews and Antena 3, documents four Claude accounts… - [Istanbul firm BBS Bilisim sold a Claude-built Malaysia Pulse stack of fake X accounts, rewritten news, and opposition dossiers as influence-as-a-service.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260912-0200Z-malaysia-bbs-gtg-84005/): Anthropic case GTG-84005, published 10 September 2026 and restated by CNA, The Edge Malaysia and MCMC on 11 September, documents an Istanbul company, BBS… - [China-aligned Claude sessions profile Uyghur, Tibetan, Catholic and Taiwan church targets as MFA calls the report mud.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260912-0100Z-prc-claude-diaspora-watch/): Anthropic's 10 September 2026 threat report documents three China-based clusters (GTG-14010, GTG-14020, GTG-14021) that used Claude to turn diaspora… - [Domestic Kenyan operator used Claude to astroturf minister praise and opposition-fracture posts ahead of the 2027 vote.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260912-0000Z-kenya-gtg-54004-astroturf/): Anthropic case GTG-54004, published 10 September 2026 and still circulating in Kenyan press on 11 September, documents a single domestic actor who used… - [Matryoshka recycles Cameo celebrity clips and fake CNN brands to smear named U.S. Democrats as its first documented midterm batch.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260911-2300Z-matryoshka-us-midterms/): On 11 September 2026 the researcher account antibot4navalny flagged a new Matryoshka / Operation Overload / Storm-1679 batch on X that impersonates CNN… - [US-hosted koizo cluster of 23 AI websites seeds chatbots with fake Alberta-separatist testimonials and wrong referendum dates.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260911-2200Z-alberta-koizo-chatbot/): On 4 September 2026 Canada’s National Observer published Rory White’s investigation of 23 English-language sites that promote Alberta independence while… - [Hong Kong-registered BM Web Solutions runs four AI news mastheads whose paid ads, not their full corpus, push one side of Sudan's war into EU policy cities.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260911-2120Z-bmweb-sudan-four-sites/): On 9 September 2026 researcher Marc Owen Jones published an investigation, with a companion OSINT report updated through 9 September, showing that The… - [Qatari academy fee and dual-hatted leadership sit behind a Soufan Center 9/11 book that treats Hamas as an Iran proxy and leaves Doha off the subject line.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260911-2000Z-qatar-soufan-qiass/): In September 2026 The Soufan Center published 25 Years After 9/11: The Future of the Global Jihadi Movement, a 9/11-anniversary volume edited by Colin P.… - [UN CTED and a U.S. anniversary bulletin document FTO propaganda as multi-platform operational infrastructure, not a press office.](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260911-1900Z-cted-fto-prop-infra/): On 10 September 2026 the UN Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate published Trends Report “Beyond Messaging: Terrorist Propaganda as… - [Kremlin-aligned Matryoshka / Operation Overload floods German state-election feeds with AI-voiced fake-news videos that impersonate domestic media and spare Russia-friendly parties](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260911-1810Z-matryoshka-german-elections/): Germany's Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (BfV) on 12 August 2026 attributed an English-language short-video wave on X to the… - [PRC Central Propaganda Department outlets and MPS Clean Internet 2026 campaign monopolize Gyirong disaster news while punishing unofficial casualty claims](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260911-1700Z-prc-gyirong-opinion-guidance/): China Media Project (9 September 2026) and The Guardian (8 September) document how, after the 26 August 2026 glacial collapse and mudslide that struck… - [France-based LKM Company commercial influence-as-a-service used Claude to operate ~70 fabricated news websites and 250+ inauthentic X accounts targeting six continents](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260911-1600Z-lkm-commercial-influence-service/): Anthropic’s 10 September 2026 threat-intelligence report (GTG-54002) documents a commercial ‘influence-as-a-service’ operation traced to LKM Company, a… - [UAE-directed actor used Anthropic Claude to run a sustained influence operation against the Muslim Brotherhood via AI persona, ~300 inauthentic accounts, front NGO, and ghost-written UN testimony](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260911-1100Z-uae-claude-mb-influence/): Anthropic’s 10 September 2026 threat-intelligence report (GTG-84002) documents a single actor who leveraged Claude to maintain an AI persona named… - [Iranian state propaganda institutions used Anthropic Claude to plan cognitive-warfare campaigns, build persona systems, and launder IRGC narratives as independent Western analysis](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260911-0800Z-iran-claude-icco-cognitive/): Anthropic’s 10 September 2026 threat-intelligence report documents three Iranian state-aligned accounts (GTG-34001) that used Claude between late 2025… - [Israel-funded Hanover Institute, a synthetic US think tank with no staff or address, floods the web with 124 AI-optimized question-form reports to shape chatbot and search answers on Gaza and the IDF](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260911-0715Z-israel-hanover-ai-corpus/): FARA filings and investigations by Politico (14 August 2026), 404 Media (25 August 2026) and The Guardian (26 August 2026) document that Piro Inc.… - [Kremlin-linked Social Design Agency Projects 2026 seeds Wikipedia clones and fake think tanks to poison AI retrieval and search with Russian narratives ahead of European elections](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260911-0615Z-russia-sda-project2026/): Leaked internal documents from Russia’s Social Design Agency (SDA), reviewed by Bloomberg in June 2026 and analyzed further by FDD/Cipher Brief on 10… - [US CENTCOM-linked contractors run third-generation gc_ semi-overt news sites with paid platform ads and diluted disclosures to deliver regional security narratives](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260911-0500Z-pentagon-gc-network/): Investigations by The Intercept (April 2026) and Lawfare (May 2026) document a network of seven websites (Al-Fassel News, Pishtaz News, Entorno Diario… - [Latvian ClipIt / Elephant Clipping pays foreign workers to flood TikTok, Instagram and YouTube with unlabeled short videos framed as organic American pro-Republican support](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260911-0300Z-elephant-clipping-gop-astroturf/): An Atlantic investigation published 2 September 2026 documents Elephant Clipping, a campaign run by ClipIt (Latvia) under operator ‘Serviuos’.… - [Israel Government Advertising Agency funds synthetic Hanover Institute think-tank site optimized to seed pro-Israel framing into LLM retrieval and chatbot answers](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260911-0200Z-israel-hanover-llm-poisoning/): FARA filings by New York firm Piro, Inc. and reporting by Politico, The Guardian, 404 Media and Responsible Statecraft document that the Hanover… - [Russia-aligned Matryoshka network uses fabricated media impersonations, AI voiceovers and selective smears to target German state-election candidates while sparing pro-Russian parties](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260911-0100Z-russia-matryoshka-germany-elections/): Germany’s Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (BfV) and independent monitors (ISD, CeMAS, DW, Antibot4Navalny) documented an ongoing… - [Iran-based operators run Meta CIB network of fake US activist personas using AI-generated memes to shape American political discourse](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260911-0000Z-iran-meta-cib-us-personas/): Meta’s H2 2026 Adversarial Threat Report, released 27 August 2026, documents disruption of four Facebook and 31 Instagram accounts originating in Iran… - [China-linked operators use ChatGPT-generated cartoons and inauthentic X accounts to amplify US opposition to AI data centers](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260910-2312Z-china-data-center-influence/): OpenAI’s June 2026 threat report documented PRC-origin ChatGPT accounts (Data Center Bandwagon cluster) generating English-language comments and AI… - [Israeli government advertising agency funds synthetic US think-tank Hanover Institute to seed AI retrieval and chatbot answers via high-volume question-formatted reports](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260910-2100Z-israel-lapam-hanover-institute/): FARA filings and multi-outlet investigations in August 2026 establish that Piro Inc, under contract to Havas Media Germany acting for Israel’s LaPam… - [Russian Social Design Agency Projects 2026 builds fictitious think tanks and wiki clones to launder narratives into search and AI corpora](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260910-2000Z-russia-sda-projects-2026-thinktanks/): Leaked SDA documents from May 2023–April 2026, reported by Bloomberg in June and analyzed further on 10 September 2026, detail Projects 2026: a plan to… - [Pentagon-linked Arabic and Farsi ‘newsrooms’ run gray propaganda via buried About-page disclosure and paid social reach](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260910-1900Z-centcom-gc-network/): Open-source investigations in April–May 2026 identified Al-Fassel News (Arabic) and Pishtaz News (Farsi) as members of a US government-funded cluster of… - [China’s Clean Internet 2026 campaign criminalizes unofficial accounts of Tibet-Nepal border flood, enforcing official death-toll narrative while deleting alternative reports](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260910-1800Z-china-clean-internet-tibet-flood/): Guardian reporting of 8 September 2026 documents Chinese authorities applying the Ministry of Public Security’s Clean Internet 2026 campaign to the 26… - [Sri Lanka-based commercial network operates hundreds of Facebook pages producing AI deepfakes of Australian politicians, monetized via platform creator payments and engagement](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260910-1700Z-sri-lanka-fb-ai-deepfake-au-politicians/): Reset Tech research published via ABC News on 9 September 2026 documents a coordinated network of more than 200 Facebook pages targeting Australian… - [Leaked Social Design Agency documents and September analysis detail Project 2026 plans to seed AI, search engines and European discourse via fictitious think tanks, Wikipedia-style sites and opinion-leader profiling](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260910-1515Z-russia-sda-projects-2026-ai-laundering/): Documents leaked in May 2026 from Russia’s Social Design Agency (SDA), a sanctioned Kremlin-linked firm, outline ‘Projects 2026’ efforts to build… - [Meta disrupts Iran-based CIB network that used fake US activist personas and AI-generated memes to target American political discourse](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260910-1430Z-iran-meta-cib-us-personas/): In its H2 2026 Adversarial Threat Report released 27 August 2026, Meta disclosed the removal of 4 Facebook and 31 Instagram accounts linked to Iran-based… - [Israel-funded Hanover Institute for Public Policy deploys AI-generated volume reports via FARA-registered contractors to seed and influence LLM/chatbot responses on Gaza and related topics](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260910-1315Z-israel-hanover-ai-thinktank/): Investigations by Politico, The Guardian, 404 Media and others in August 2026 documented the rapid launch of the Hanover Institute for Public Policy… - [PRC-linked content farms and networks continue AI-assisted production of Taiwan-targeted Traditional Chinese narratives, with residual prompt leakage and proxy distribution patterns](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260910-1200Z-china-ai-taiwan-content-farms/): Research documented in September 2026 (building on February 2026 primary findings) shows Chinese content farms using generative AI to rewrite material… - [Russian Matryoshka (Operation Overload) continues fabricating media-branded videos and AI voiceovers to discredit mainstream parties ahead of September 2026 German state and municipal elections](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260910-1115Z-russia-matryoshka-germany-elections/): ISD and DW fact-checkers documented ongoing activity by the Russia-aligned Matryoshka network (also Storm-1679 / Operation Overload) targeting… - [Pentagon-linked gc_ network of pseudo-news sites (Al-Fassel, Pishtaz) evolves from prior bot-driven ops to paid advertising for reach on Middle East and other audiences](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260910-1010Z-us-centcom-gc-network-ads/): Investigative reporting by The Intercept and analysis by Renée DiResta on Lawfare documented a third-generation network of U.S. government-funded… - [Meta disrupts Israel-origin influence-for-hire CIB network using AI-generated comments to boost engagement across France, UK, Australia, Iran, Africa and US](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260910-0907Z-israel-meta-cib-influence-for-hire/): In its H2 2026 Adversarial Threat Report, Meta reported disruption of a Coordinated Inauthentic Behavior network originating in Israel. - [Meta disrupts Iran-based network using AI-generated memes and fake American personas to target US political discourse](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260910-0800Z-iran-meta-ai-impersonation-us/): In its H2 2026 Adversarial Threat Report, Meta disclosed the removal of 4 Facebook and 31 Instagram accounts linked to Iran-based operators. - [Russian operators use ChatGPT to promote synthetic Israel-based International Burke Institute and sovereignty index favoring Moscow](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260910-0720Z-russia-burke-institute-openai-disruption/): OpenAI disrupted a cluster of ChatGPT accounts originating in Russia that generated social-media posts promoting the International Burke Institute (IBI)… - [Anonymous dark-money operators deploy AI-generated Local Government Accountability Institute as fake nonpartisan think tank to attack Florida county commissioners](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260910-0509Z-us-darkmoney-lgai-sarasota-ai-thinktank/): Investigative reporting by MS NOW and Florida Trident documents that the Local Government Accountability Institute (LGAI), a Wyoming-incorporated entity… - [Israel-funded Hanover Institute for Public Policy operates as synthetic think tank engineered to shape AI chatbot responses on Gaza and antisemitism](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260910-0410Z-israel-hanover-institute-ai-llm-poisoning/): FARA-registered materials and open-source investigations establish that the Hanover Institute for Public Policy, a website lacking legal entity status… - [Meta disrupts Iran-linked network using AI-generated memes and fake American personas to target U.S. political discourse](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260910-0306Z-iran-meta-ai-personas-us-politics/): In its H2 2026 Adversarial Threat Report, Meta disclosed disruption of four Facebook and 31 Instagram accounts originating in Iran that posed as… - [Russia-origin operators use ChatGPT to promote fabricated Israel-based International Burke Institute and pro-Kremlin sovereignty index](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260910-0215Z-russia-ibi-fake-think-tank-chatgpt/): OpenAI disrupted a cluster of ChatGPT accounts very likely originating in Russia that generated English-language social media posts promoting the… - [China-linked content farms leave residual LLM prompts instructing AI to rewrite material specifically for Taiwanese audiences in Traditional Chinese](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260909-2215Z-china-ai-content-farm-taiwan-prompts/): Research led by Dr. Austin H. Wang (UNLV/RAND) documented in early 2026 and amplified in September coverage that Chinese content-farm posts contain… - [Israel-funded synthetic Hanover Institute for Public Policy floods web with AI-generated academic-style reports engineered to shape search and chatbot answers on Gaza, antisemitism and related topics](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260909-2200Z-israel-hanover-institute-ai-chatbot-influence/): Investigations by Politico, 404 Media, Responsible Statecraft, The Guardian and others in August–September 2026 document that the Hanover Institute for… - [Sri Lanka-linked commercial network operates 200+ Facebook pages generating AI deepfakes of Australian politicians for monetization via platform creator payments](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260909-2115Z-commercial-ai-slopaganda-australia-facebook/): Reset Tech research reported by ABC News on 9 September 2026 documents a coordinated network of more than 200 Facebook pages that have impersonated… - [Russia-aligned Matryoshka (Operation Overload) continues flooding X with fabricated media-impersonating posts targeting German state and municipal elections, omitting AfD and BSW](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260909-2015Z-russia-matryoshka-germany-elections/): ISD investigation published 4 September 2026 documented 269 Matryoshka posts on X between 24 June and 1 September targeting Saxony-Anhalt… - [China-linked content farms and networks escalate AI-assisted production of Traditional Chinese narratives tailored for Taiwanese audiences, with residual prompts and Meta-disrupted clusters confirming targeting](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260909-1900Z-china-ai-content-farms-taiwan/): A 8 September 2026 TechPolicy.Press analysis by Pei-Chi Jao, drawing on research by Austin H. Wang (UNLV/RAND), documents Chinese content-farm operators… - [Israel-funded Hanover Institute, a synthetic US think tank, floods web with 124 AI-optimized reports in nine days to shape chatbot responses on Gaza, antisemitism and the conflict](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260909-1720Z-israel-hanover-institute-ai-chatbots/): FARA filings and investigative reporting from August 2026 document that New York firm Piro Inc., contracted via Havas Media Germany for Israel's LaPam… - [Sri Lanka-based commercial network operates 200+ Facebook pages deploying AI deepfakes of Australian politicians to drive engagement and monetization, part of a global 1,864-page operation](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260909-1348Z-sri-lanka-ai-slopaganda-australia/): Reset Tech research published via ABC News on 9 September 2026 documented more than 200 Facebook pages targeting Australian politicians with AI-generated… - [Russian Matryoshka (Operation Overload/Storm-1679) continues flooding German state and municipal elections with fabricated media videos, AI voiceovers and false allegations against mainstream candidates while sparing AfD and BSW](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260909-1125Z-russia-matryoshka-germany-elections/): ISD investigation of 4 September 2026 documented 269 Matryoshka posts on X between 24 June and 1 September 2026 targeting Saxony-Anhalt… - [Meta disrupts Iran-based coordinated inauthentic behavior network that deployed AI-generated memes and fake American personas to influence US political discourse on politics, immigration and Israel-Palestine](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260909-1011Z-iran-meta-us-personas-ai/): In its H2 2026 Adversarial Threat Report (released 27 August 2026), Meta documented the removal of 4 Facebook and 31 Instagram accounts linked to actors… - [Israel-funded Hanover Institute for Public Policy, a non-existent think tank, mass-produces AI-optimized quasi-academic reports to seed and shape chatbot responses on Gaza and Israel](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260909-0900Z-israel-hanover-ai-thinktank/): FARA-registered filings and multiple investigations (Guardian 26 Aug 2026, Politico, 404 Media, Responsible Statecraft) document that New York firm Piro… - [Chinese content farms leave AI prompt artifacts revealing Taiwan-targeted narrative production; Meta and researchers document ongoing proxy and generative-AI assisted networks](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260909-0708Z-china-taiwan-ai-content-farm/): A research team led by Dr. Austin H. Wang identified an undeleted AI prompt line in a Chinese content-farm post that explicitly instructed writers to… - [Pro-Russian Roska Bridge network continues laundering EU-sanctioned Kremlin media across Mastodon and Bluesky via Brid.gy interoperability seam](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260909-0611Z-russia-roska-bridge-fediverse/): CheckFirst’s July 2026 investigation (updated in Decipon analysis circulating 8 September 2026) documents an ongoing pro-Russian information manipulation… - [Google GTIG documents Iranian state-linked actors expanding AI use to generate photorealistic personas and specialist persuasion narratives for influence operations](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260909-0510Z-iran-google-ai-influence-personas/): Google Threat Intelligence Group’s Q3 2026 AI Threat Tracker, released 8 September 2026, reports that Iranian government-linked actors (including APT42 /… - [Sri Lanka-linked commercial network of 200+ Facebook pages deploys AI deepfakes of Australian politicians for monetised engagement farming](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260909-0410Z-sri-lanka-ai-slopaganda-australia/): Reset Tech research, reported by ABC News on 9 September 2026, documents a coordinated set of more than 200 Facebook pages that generate and post AI… - [China-linked network of 294 fake Threads dating profiles pre-positions to court Taiwanese men ahead of November local elections](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260909-0315Z-china-threads-dating-taiwan/): NewsGuard (June 2026) and Decipon (September 2026) documentation shows a coordinated set of 294 Threads accounts posing as attractive Asian women seeking… - [Israeli state ad agency funds synthetic 'Hanover Institute' website to flood AI chatbots with optimised pro-Israel research content](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260909-0204Z-israel-hanover-ai-thinktank/): FARA filings and investigative reporting (Politico, Guardian, 404 Media, August 2026) document that New York firm Piro Inc., subcontracted via Havas… - [RSF investigation shows major AI chatbots retrieve and redistribute EU-sanctioned Russian state media content on demand](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260909-0108Z-rsf-ai-russian-sanctions/): Reporters Without Borders (RSF) testing in June–August 2026, published 1–2 September, found that ChatGPT, Claude, Grok, Gemini, Vibe and Mira readily… - [Google GTIG documents Iranian actors using LLMs for photorealistic synthetic personas and specialist counter-influence narratives](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260909-0015Z-iran-ai-personas/): Google Threat Intelligence Group’s Q3 2026 AI Threat Tracker (released 8 September) details Iranian state-aligned operators prompting models such as… - [Pentagon installs conservative military-veteran influencers in undisclosed civilian roles while they amplify Hegseth culture-war messaging on X](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260908-2310Z-us-dod-influencers/): Washington Post reporting corroborated by Pentagon records shows retired colonels Rob Maness, Kurt Schlichter and Thomas Anderson (Cynical Publius)… - [Chinese content farm left AI prompt targeting Taiwanese audience in Traditional Chinese; Meta and researchers document ongoing PRC-linked AI-assisted influence toward Taiwan](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260908-2208Z-china-taiwan-ai/): Researchers identified an undeleted AI prompt in a Chinese content-farm post instructing rewrite for Taiwanese audiences in Traditional Chinese. - [Israel-origin influence-for-hire network used AI-powered 'Mother-Child' comment farms and local personas to target France, UK, Australia and others](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260908-2117Z-israel-cib/): Meta disrupted a Coordinated Inauthentic Behavior network originating in Israel that maintained cross-platform presence on Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, X… - [Russia-linked operators used ChatGPT to promote fake Israel-based think tank with plagiarized research and pro-Moscow sovereignty index](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260908-2012Z-russia-ibi/): OpenAI disrupted a cluster of ChatGPT accounts assessed as originating in Russia that generated English and German social posts promoting the… - [Iran-linked network used AI personas and proxies to push anti-Republican memes on Meta](https://propagandaarchive.org/briefs/20260908-1900Z-iran-meta-ai/): Meta disrupted a coordinated inauthentic behavior network of 4 Facebook and 31 Instagram accounts originating in Iran. ## Learn - [A short course on the basic techniques](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/course/): One technique per lesson. Each lesson takes a few minutes: what it is, how it works, why it works on people, real examples from different sides and eras… - [Affect heuristic](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/affect-heuristic/): People often judge risks and benefits by consulting a quick feeling of good or bad about the thing in question. - [Anchoring](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/anchoring/): Anchoring is the tendency for a number encountered first to pull later estimates toward it, even when the number is arbitrary. - [Availability heuristic](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/availability-heuristic/): The availability heuristic is the habit of judging how common or likely something is by how easily examples come to mind. - [Bandwagon: when the crowd is the argument](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/course/bandwagon/): Treat popularity, momentum, or 'everyone knows' as proof. - [Base-rate neglect](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/base-rate-neglect/): A base rate is how common something is in the first place: how many people have a disease, how many travelers are smugglers, how many deaths come from a… - [Card stacking: true facts, chosen to mislead](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/course/card-stacking/): Select, omit, or order facts so the remaining pile can only be read one way. - [Cognitive biases and heuristics](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/cognitive-biases/): Heuristics are rules of thumb: judging how likely something is by how easily examples come to mind, starting from the first number heard, trusting what… - [Cold War propaganda:US and Soviet posters, radio and leaflets](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/cold-war-propaganda/): Cold War propaganda was the persuasion and disinformation that the United States and the Soviet Union, with their allies and clients, aimed at foreign… - [Confirmation bias](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/confirmation-bias/): Confirmation bias is the tendency to seek, notice, interpret and remember information in ways that fit what one already believes. - [Conformity](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/conformity/): People sometimes go along with a unanimous group even when the group is plainly wrong, either because they start to doubt themselves or because they do… - [Continued influence effect](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/continued-influence-effect/): Once people have heard a claim, a later correction reduces its influence but usually does not erase it. - [Countering propaganda](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/countering/): What has been tried against propaganda and disinformation, who tried it, and what the measured effects were, including null results, backfire findings… - [Dehumanization](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/dehumanization/): Dehumanization means seeing or portraying other people as less than fully human: as animals, vermin, disease, machines or monsters. Content note: Dehumanizing caricature of Germans as an ape, implied sexual violence and partial nudity. - [Disgust](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/disgust/): Disgust is the emotion of rejection: it makes people want to avoid, expel or stay clean of something. Content note: Soviet poster of a giant louse that calls defeated White Army commanders 'parasites', with dead soldiers pictured. - [Emotion and fear](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/emotion-and-fear/): Emotion is not the opposite of judgment; it is part of how people decide what matters and what to do about it. - [Emotional contagion](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/emotional-contagion/): People tend to catch the moods of those around them: they mirror faces, voices and postures, and their own feelings can drift toward what they see. Content note: Photograph of a Nazi Party rally with swastika banners and massed SA and SS ranks. - [Fact-checking and corrections](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/fact-checking/): Experiments in several countries find that a fact-check usually moves beliefs toward accuracy, rarely backfires, often fades, and did not change feelings toward the politician corrected in the one US test. - [Fear appeal:when the warning comes with only one way out](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/course/fear-appeal/): Imminent harm is staged so the audience accepts the offered protection without comparing base rates or alternatives. - [Fear messaging](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/fear-messaging/): A fear appeal is a message that tries to change what people think or do by showing them a threat. Content note: Dehumanizing caricature of Germans as an ape, implied sexual violence and partial nudity. - [Framing effect](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/framing-effect/): A framing effect occurs when the way a choice or issue is presented changes people's judgments, even though the underlying facts are the same or nearly so. - [Glittering generalities:when a good word does the arguing](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/course/glittering-generalities/): Virtue words (freedom, security, the people, science) used as substitutes for a testable claim. - [Group identity](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/group-identity/): People are social animals, and much of what they believe arrives through the groups they belong to. - [Group polarization](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/group-polarization/): When people who already lean the same way discuss an issue together, they tend to come out leaning further in that direction than when they went in. - [Hope appeals](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/hope/): A hope appeal tries to move people by showing them a better future that is possible but not guaranteed, and a path to it. - [How we rate the evidence](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/evidence-ratings/): Psychology has changed a great deal since the early 2010s. Large, coordinated attempts to repeat well-known experiments found that many published effects… - [Identifiable victim effect](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/identifiable-victim-effect/): A single, named, pictured person in trouble tends to move people more than a large number of anonymous victims. - [Identity fusion:when doubting the claim means leaving the group](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/course/identity-fusion/): Collapse checking the claim into betraying the tribe, so method-critique feels like treason. - [Illusory truth effect](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/illusory-truth-effect/): The illusory truth effect is the finding that people rate statements as more likely to be true after they have encountered them before. Content note: Nazi-era antisemitic slogans and a caricature on a newspaper display case. - [In-group favoritism](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/in-group-favoritism/): People tend to treat members of their own group better than outsiders: they trust them more, give them more, and judge them more generously. - [Inoculation and prebunking](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/inoculation-and-prebunking/): William J. McGuire and his Yale collaborator Demetrios Papageorgis set out the idea in experiments published between 1961 and 1964, including papers in… - [Media literacy](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/media-literacy/): Organised teaching about propaganda in the United States goes back at least to the institute-for-propaganda-analysis (1937 to 1942), founded at Columbia… - [Moral foundations](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/moral-foundations/): Moral foundations theory proposes that people build their moral judgments on a handful of intuitive concerns, such as preventing harm, fairness, loyalty… - [Moral outrage](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/moral-outrage/): Moral outrage is anger at someone who is seen to have broken a moral rule, combined with a wish to see them blamed or punished. - [Motivated reasoning](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/motivated-reasoning/): Motivated reasoning is the tendency to evaluate evidence by whether its conclusion is welcome rather than by its quality. - [Name-calling:when the label comes before the evidence](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/course/name-calling/): Attach a loaded label so the audience rejects the target without checking the claim. - [Narrative transportation](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/narrative-transportation/): When people become absorbed in a story, they tend to come away holding beliefs that fit it, and while absorbed they argue back less. Content note: Film poster showing a mounted Ku Klux Klan rider carrying a burning cross. - [Negativity bias](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/negativity-bias/): People give more attention and weight to bad news, threats and losses than to good news, safety and gains of the same size. Content note: Dehumanizing caricature of Germans as an ape, implied sexual violence and partial nudity. - [Nostalgia](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/nostalgia/): Nostalgia is a sentimental longing for the past. For individuals it is mostly a pleasant, comforting emotion that people turn to when they feel lonely or… - [Obedience to authority](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/obedience-to-authority/): In Stanley Milgram's experiments of the early 1960s, most ordinary volunteers kept giving what they believed were painful electric shocks to a stranger… - [Out-group homogeneity](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/out-group-homogeneity/): People tend to see members of other groups as more alike than members of their own: "we" are a varied bunch of individuals, "they" are all the same. - [Plain folks: performing 'one of us'](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/course/plain-folks/): The speaker performs ordinary-person identity to make the message feel homegrown. - [Platform interventions:labels, nudges, notes, friction and takedowns](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/platform-interventions/): Social media companies have tried labelling false or state-backed posts, nudging users to think about accuracy, crowd-sourced notes, speed bumps on sharing, banning accounts and removing covert networks; most of these cut sharing or belief somewhat in the studies that exist, several have side… - [Pluralistic ignorance](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/pluralistic-ignorance/): Pluralistic ignorance is when most members of a group privately reject a view or practice but each wrongly assumes that most others accept it. - [Priming](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/priming/): "Priming" names several different ideas, and they have very different track records. - [Propaganda, misinformation and disinformation:the differences](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/propaganda-misinformation-disinformation/): How propaganda, misinformation and disinformation differ and overlap, defined from published sources, with examples from several sides and the critiques. - [Scapegoating:when one group carries every blame](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/course/scapegoating/): Park blame for a complex harm on a bounded out-group so the in-group stays clean. - [Social identity](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/social-identity/): Part of who people think they are comes from the groups they belong to: nation, faith, class, region, party. - [Social proof](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/social-proof/): When people are unsure what to think or do, they look at what others around them are doing and treat it as evidence. - [Testimonial: when the name is the argument](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/course/testimonial/): A named person or institution vouches; the vouch is meant to end checking. - [The big lie:where the term comes from and how it is used](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/the-big-lie/): "The big lie" is an English rendering of die große Lüge. It first appears in print in Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf (1925), where Hitler uses it as an… - [The debate over counter-disinformation](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/debates/): The arguments cover the whole toolkit: government contacts with platforms, platform removals and labels, academic monitoring, and state bodies such as… - [Transfer: borrowing a symbol's feeling](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/course/transfer/): Borrow prestige or stigma from a respected or hated symbol and paste it onto the message. - [What is propaganda? Definition, history and examples](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/what-is-propaganda/): What propaganda means, where the word comes from, how scholars define it, and examples from several countries and eras, held to one standard. - [WWI propaganda posters:who made them and how they worked](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/ww1-propaganda-posters/): Every major belligerent used posters in the First World War, mostly for three jobs: recruiting soldiers, selling war bonds, and shaping conduct on the… - [WWII propaganda:posters, radio and film by every side](https://propagandaarchive.org/learn/ww2-propaganda/): Every major belligerent of 1939 to 1945 ran organised propaganda through posters, newsreels, film, radio and leaflets. Content note: Caricature of Hitler with a swastika. ## Write - [Anatomy of deception:how documented operations worked, and how to spot them](https://propagandaarchive.org/write/deception-anatomy/): This page takes apart real, documented influence operations: who ran them, how they were staffed and funded, what they posted, how it spread and how they… - [Before you publish: the fair-play check](https://propagandaarchive.org/write/before-you-publish/): Run this on every piece, whatever its cause. Each question maps to a technique in the archive. - [Emotional appeal](https://propagandaarchive.org/write/emotion/): Emotion isn't the opposite of reason in politics. People act on what they care about, and caring is an emotion. - [Ethos, pathos and logos:the three modes of persuasion](https://propagandaarchive.org/write/ethos-pathos-logos/): Every persuasive piece answers three questions in the reader's head. Who is this, and why listen? How am I meant to feel? What is the proof? - [Evidence and credibility](https://propagandaarchive.org/write/evidence/): Readers ask two questions of every political piece: is this true? and why should I believe you? Evidence answers the first. - [Fair, grey or deception:where each archive technique sits](https://propagandaarchive.org/write/the-line/): Every technique in the FRAME archive is defined at the point where it stops being fair. - [Framing](https://propagandaarchive.org/write/framing/): A frame is the lens you ask your reader to look through: what the issue is about, whose problem it is, and what kind of fix fits. - [Know your audience](https://propagandaarchive.org/write/audience/): Before you write a word, decide who you are trying to move and what you want them to do. - [Messaging](https://propagandaarchive.org/write/messaging/): A frame says what the issue is about. A message is the handful of words you will repeat until your audience can say them back. - [Narrative](https://propagandaarchive.org/write/narrative/): Arguments tell people what to think. Stories let them feel why it matters, and people remember stories long after they forget statistics. - [Studio: an open advocacy workshop](https://propagandaarchive.org/write/STUDIO/): Studio is a workshop on top of FRAME for open, attributed advocacy. This file is the spec. It is not an app, and it does not add a generator to the site. - [Template: flyer or leaflet](https://propagandaarchive.org/write/template-flyer/): A flyer gets a glance: often under ten seconds at a door, a noticeboard or a school gate. It has one job, which is to get one action from one audience. - [Template: op-ed or letter to the editor](https://propagandaarchive.org/write/template-op-ed/): An op-ed is read by people who chose to spend a few minutes on it, which makes it the place for your best evidence and your answer to the strongest… - [Template: short speech](https://propagandaarchive.org/write/template-speech/): A speech is heard once, at the speaker's pace, and can't be re-read. So it needs more repetition, shorter sentences and a clearer structure than anything… - [Template: social media posts](https://propagandaarchive.org/write/template-social/): Social posts compete with everything else in someone's feed. You get a second or two to earn a stop, and the platforms reward emotion, which is exactly… ## About and doctrine - ["Day of Infamy" Address to Congress, December 8, 1941](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/fdr-day-of-infamy-1941/): "Day of Infamy" Address to Congress, December 8, 1941 by Franklin D. Roosevelt (1941-12-08), full text with provenance and rights. - [1. Organizing Chaos](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/bernays-propaganda/01-organizing-chaos/): 1. Organizing Chaos, from Propaganda by Edward L. Bernays. - [1. The Commitment to France](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/03-the-commitment-to-france/): 1. The Commitment to France, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [1. The World Outside and the Pictures in Our Heads](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lippmann-public-opinion/01-the-world-outside-and-the-pictures-in-our-heads/): 1. The World Outside and the Pictures in Our Heads, from Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann. - [10. Art and Science](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/bernays-propaganda/10-art-and-science/): 10. Art and Science, from Propaganda by Edward L. Bernays. - [10. The Contemptible Little Army](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/12-the-contemptible-little-army/): 10. The Contemptible Little Army, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [10. The Detection of Stereotypes](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lippmann-public-opinion/10-the-detection-of-stereotypes/): 10. The Detection of Stereotypes, from Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann. - [11. Deutschland über Alles](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/13-deutschland-ber-alles/): 11. Deutschland über Alles, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [11. The Enlisting of Interest](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lippmann-public-opinion/11-the-enlisting-of-interest/): 11. The Enlisting of Interest, from Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann. - [11. The Mechanics of Propaganda](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/bernays-propaganda/11-the-mechanics-of-propaganda/): 11. The Mechanics of Propaganda, from Propaganda by Edward L. Bernays. - [12. Self-interest Reconsidered](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lippmann-public-opinion/12-self-interest-reconsidered/): 12. Self-interest Reconsidered, from Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann. - [12. The Baby of Courbeck Loo](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/14-the-baby-of-courbeck-loo/): 12. The Baby of Courbeck Loo, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [13. The Crucified Canadian](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/15-the-crucified-canadian/): 13. The Crucified Canadian, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [13. The Transfer of Interest](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lippmann-public-opinion/13-the-transfer-of-interest/): 13. The Transfer of Interest, from Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann. - [14. The Shooting of the Franzosling](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/16-the-shooting-of-the-franzosling/): 14. The Shooting of the Franzosling, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [14. Yes or No](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lippmann-public-opinion/14-yes-or-no/): 14. Yes or No, from Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann. - [15. Leaders and the Rank and File](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lippmann-public-opinion/15-leaders-and-the-rank-and-file/): 15. Leaders and the Rank and File, from Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann. - [15. Little Alf’s Stamp Collection](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/17-little-alf-s-stamp-collection/): 15. Little Alf’s Stamp Collection, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [16. The Self-centered Man](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lippmann-public-opinion/16-the-self-centered-man/): 16. The Self-centered Man, from Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann. - [16. The Tattooed Man](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/18-the-tattooed-man/): 16. The Tattooed Man, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [17. The Corpse Factory](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/19-the-corpse-factory/): 17. The Corpse Factory, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [17. The Self-contained Community](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lippmann-public-opinion/17-the-self-contained-community/): 17. The Self-contained Community, from Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann. - [18. The Bishop of Zanzibar’s Letter](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/20-the-bishop-of-zanzibar-s-letter/): 18. The Bishop of Zanzibar’s Letter, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [18. The Role of Force, Patronage and Privilege](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lippmann-public-opinion/18-the-role-of-force-patronage-and-privilege/): 18. The Role of Force, Patronage and Privilege, from Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann. - [19. The German U-Boat Outrage](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/21-the-german-u-boat-outrage/): 19. The German U-Boat Outrage, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [19. The Old Image in a New Form:Guild Socialism](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lippmann-public-opinion/19-the-old-image-in-a-new-form-guild-socialism/): 19. The Old Image in a New Form: Guild Socialism, from Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann. - [2. Censorship and Privacy](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lippmann-public-opinion/02-censorship-and-privacy/): 2. Censorship and Privacy, from Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann. - [2. Serbia and the Murder of the Archduke](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/04-serbia-and-the-murder-of-the-archduke/): 2. Serbia and the Murder of the Archduke, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [2. The New Propaganda](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/bernays-propaganda/02-the-new-propaganda/): 2. The New Propaganda, from Propaganda by Edward L. Bernays. - [20. A New Image](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lippmann-public-opinion/20-a-new-image/): 20. A New Image, from Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann. - [20. Constantinople](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/22-constantinople/): 20. Constantinople, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [21. The Buying Public](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lippmann-public-opinion/21-the-buying-public/): 21. The Buying Public, from Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann. - [21. The “Lusitania”](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/23-the-lusitania/): 21. The “Lusitania”, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [22. Report of a Broken-up Meeting](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/24-report-of-a-broken-up-meeting/): 22. Report of a Broken-up Meeting, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [22. The Constant Reader](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lippmann-public-opinion/22-the-constant-reader/): 22. The Constant Reader, from Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann. - [23. Atrocity Stories](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/25-atrocity-stories/): 23. Atrocity Stories, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [23. The Nature of News](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lippmann-public-opinion/23-the-nature-of-news/): 23. The Nature of News, from Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann. - [24. Faked Photographs](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/26-faked-photographs/): 24. Faked Photographs, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [24. News, Truth, and a Conclusion](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lippmann-public-opinion/24-news-truth-and-a-conclusion/): 24. News, Truth, and a Conclusion, from Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann. - [25. The Doctoring of Official Papers](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/27-the-doctoring-of-official-papers/): 25. The Doctoring of Official Papers, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [25. The Entering Wedge](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lippmann-public-opinion/25-the-entering-wedge/): 25. The Entering Wedge, from Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann. - [26. Hypocritical Indignation](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/28-hypocritical-indignation/): 26. Hypocritical Indignation, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [26. Intelligence Work](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lippmann-public-opinion/26-intelligence-work/): 26. Intelligence Work, from Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann. - [27. Other Lies](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/29-other-lies/): 27. Other Lies, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [27. The Appeal to the Public](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lippmann-public-opinion/27-the-appeal-to-the-public/): 27. The Appeal to the Public, from Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann. - [28. The Appeal to Reason](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lippmann-public-opinion/28-the-appeal-to-reason/): 28. The Appeal to Reason, from Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann. - [28. The Manufacture of News](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/30-the-manufacture-of-news/): 28. The Manufacture of News, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [29. War Aims](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/31-war-aims/): 29. War Aims, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [3. Contact and Opportunity](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lippmann-public-opinion/03-contact-and-opportunity/): 3. Contact and Opportunity, from Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann. - [3. Invasion of Belgium as Cause of War](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/05-invasion-of-belgium-as-cause-of-war/): 3. Invasion of Belgium as Cause of War, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [3. The New Propagandists](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/bernays-propaganda/03-the-new-propagandists/): 3. The New Propagandists, from Propaganda by Edward L. Bernays. - [30. Foreign Lies](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/32-foreign-lies/): 30. Foreign Lies, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [4. Germany’s Sole Responsibility for the War](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/06-germany-s-sole-responsibility-for-the-war/): 4. Germany’s Sole Responsibility for the War, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [4. The Psychology of Public Relations](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/bernays-propaganda/04-the-psychology-of-public-relations/): 4. The Psychology of Public Relations, from Propaganda by Edward L. Bernays. - [4. Time and Attention](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lippmann-public-opinion/04-time-and-attention/): 4. Time and Attention, from Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann. - [5. Business and the Public](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/bernays-propaganda/05-business-and-the-public/): 5. Business and the Public, from Propaganda by Edward L. Bernays. - [5. Passage of Russian Troops through Great Britain](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/07-passage-of-russian-troops-through-great-britain/): 5. Passage of Russian Troops through Great Britain, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [5. Speed, Words, and Clearness](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lippmann-public-opinion/05-speed-words-and-clearness/): 5. Speed, Words, and Clearness, from Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann. - [6. Propaganda and Political Leadership](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/bernays-propaganda/06-propaganda-and-political-leadership/): 6. Propaganda and Political Leadership, from Propaganda by Edward L. Bernays. - [6. Stereotypes](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lippmann-public-opinion/06-stereotypes/): 6. Stereotypes, from Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann. - [6. The Mutilated Nurse](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/08-the-mutilated-nurse/): 6. The Mutilated Nurse, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [7. Stereotypes as Defense](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lippmann-public-opinion/07-stereotypes-as-defense/): 7. Stereotypes as Defense, from Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann. - [7. The Criminal Kaiser](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/09-the-criminal-kaiser/): 7. The Criminal Kaiser, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [7. Women’s Activities and Propaganda](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/bernays-propaganda/07-women-s-activities-and-propaganda/): 7. Women’s Activities and Propaganda, from Propaganda by Edward L. Bernays. - [8. Blind Spots and Their Value](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lippmann-public-opinion/08-blind-spots-and-their-value/): 8. Blind Spots and Their Value, from Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann. - [8. Propaganda for Education](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/bernays-propaganda/08-propaganda-for-education/): 8. Propaganda for Education, from Propaganda by Edward L. Bernays. - [8. The Belgian Baby without Hands](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/10-the-belgian-baby-without-hands/): 8. The Belgian Baby without Hands, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [9. Codes and Their Enemies](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lippmann-public-opinion/09-codes-and-their-enemies/): 9. Codes and Their Enemies, from Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann. - [9. Propaganda in Social Service](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/bernays-propaganda/09-propaganda-in-social-service/): 9. Propaganda in Social Service, from Propaganda by Edward L. Bernays. - [9. The Louvain Altar-Piece](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/11-the-louvain-altar-piece/): 9. The Louvain Altar-Piece, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [A Letter to American Workingmen](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lenin-letter-to-american-workingmen/): A Letter to American Workingmen by V. I. Lenin (1918), full text with provenance and rights. - [Arthur Ponsonby, Falsehood in War-Time (1928)](https://propagandaarchive.org/about/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/): Ponsonby opposed British entry into the war in August 1914 and helped found the Union of Democratic Control, which campaigned for parliamentary oversight… Content note: German satirical medal showing a sinking passenger liner and Death selling tickets, made after the 1915 sinking that killed over 1,100 people. - [Band I, Kapitel 10:Ursachen des Zusammenbruchs](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/12-band-i-kapitel-10-ursachen-des-zusammenbruchs/): Band I, Kapitel 10: Ursachen des Zusammenbruchs, from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Band I, Kapitel 11: Volk und Rasse](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/13-band-i-kapitel-11-volk-und-rasse/): Band I, Kapitel 11: Volk und Rasse, from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Band I, Kapitel 12:Die erste Entwicklungszeit der Nationalsozialistischen Deutschen Arbeiterpartei](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/14-band-i-kapitel-12-die-erste-entwicklungszeit-der/): Band I, Kapitel 12: Die erste Entwicklungszeit der Nationalsozialistischen Deutschen Arbeiterpartei, from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Band I, Kapitel 1: Im Elternhaus](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/03-band-i-kapitel-1-im-elternhaus/): Band I, Kapitel 1: Im Elternhaus, from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Band I, Kapitel 2:Wiener Lehr- und Leidensjahre](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/04-band-i-kapitel-2-wiener-lehr-und-leidensjahre/): Band I, Kapitel 2: Wiener Lehr- und Leidensjahre, from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Band I, Kapitel 3:Allgemeine politische Betrachtungen aus meiner Wiener Zeit](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/05-band-i-kapitel-3-allgemeine-politische-betrachtu/): Band I, Kapitel 3: Allgemeine politische Betrachtungen aus meiner Wiener Zeit, from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Band I, Kapitel 4: München](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/06-band-i-kapitel-4-m-nchen/): Band I, Kapitel 4: München, from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Band I, Kapitel 5: Der Weltkrieg](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/07-band-i-kapitel-5-der-weltkrieg/): Band I, Kapitel 5: Der Weltkrieg, from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Band I, Kapitel 6: Kriegspropaganda](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/08-band-i-kapitel-6-kriegspropaganda/): Band I, Kapitel 6: Kriegspropaganda, from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Band I, Kapitel 7: Die Revolution](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/09-band-i-kapitel-7-die-revolution/): Band I, Kapitel 7: Die Revolution, from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Band I, Kapitel 8:Beginn meiner politischen Tätigkeit](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/10-band-i-kapitel-8-beginn-meiner-politischen-t-tig/): Band I, Kapitel 8: Beginn meiner politischen Tätigkeit, from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Band I, Kapitel 9:Die „Deutsche Arbeiterpartei“](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/11-band-i-kapitel-9-die-deutsche-arbeiterpartei/): Band I, Kapitel 9: Die „Deutsche Arbeiterpartei“, from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Band II, Kapitel 10:Der Föderalismus als Maske](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/24-band-ii-kapitel-10-der-f-deralismus-als-maske/): Band II, Kapitel 10: Der Föderalismus als Maske, from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Band II, Kapitel 11:Propaganda und Organisation](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/25-band-ii-kapitel-11-propaganda-und-organisation/): Band II, Kapitel 11: Propaganda und Organisation, from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Band II, Kapitel 12: Die Gewerkschaftsfrage](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/26-band-ii-kapitel-12-die-gewerkschaftsfrage/): Band II, Kapitel 12: Die Gewerkschaftsfrage, from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Band II, Kapitel 13:Deutsche Bündnispolitik nach dem Kriege](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/27-band-ii-kapitel-13-deutsche-b-ndnispolitik-nach/): Band II, Kapitel 13: Deutsche Bündnispolitik nach dem Kriege, from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Band II, Kapitel 14:Ostorientierung oder Ostpolitik](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/28-band-ii-kapitel-14-ostorientierung-oder-ostpolit/): Band II, Kapitel 14: Ostorientierung oder Ostpolitik, from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Band II, Kapitel 15: Notwehr als Recht](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/29-band-ii-kapitel-15-notwehr-als-recht/): Band II, Kapitel 15: Notwehr als Recht, from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Band II, Kapitel 1: Weltanschauung und Partei](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/15-band-ii-kapitel-1-weltanschauung-und-partei/): Band II, Kapitel 1: Weltanschauung und Partei, from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Band II, Kapitel 2: Der Staat](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/16-band-ii-kapitel-2-der-staat/): Band II, Kapitel 2: Der Staat, from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Band II, Kapitel 3:Staatsangehöriger und Staatsbürger](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/17-band-ii-kapitel-3-staatsangeh-riger-und-staatsb/): Band II, Kapitel 3: Staatsangehöriger und Staatsbürger, from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Band II, Kapitel 4:Persönlichkeit und völkischer Staatsgedanke](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/18-band-ii-kapitel-4-pers-nlichkeit-und-v-lkischer/): Band II, Kapitel 4: Persönlichkeit und völkischer Staatsgedanke, from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Band II, Kapitel 5:Weltanschauung und Organisation](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/19-band-ii-kapitel-5-weltanschauung-und-organisatio/): Band II, Kapitel 5: Weltanschauung und Organisation, from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Band II, Kapitel 6:Der Kampf der ersten Zeit - Die Bedeutung der Rede](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/20-band-ii-kapitel-6-der-kampf-der-ersten-zeit-die/): Band II, Kapitel 6: Der Kampf der ersten Zeit - Die Bedeutung der Rede, from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Band II, Kapitel 7:Das Ringen mit der roten Front](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/21-band-ii-kapitel-7-das-ringen-mit-der-roten-front/): Band II, Kapitel 7: Das Ringen mit der roten Front, from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Band II, Kapitel 8:Der Starke ist am mächtigsten allein](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/22-band-ii-kapitel-8-der-starke-ist-am-m-chtigsten/): Band II, Kapitel 8: Der Starke ist am mächtigsten allein, from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Band II, Kapitel 9:Grundgedanken über Sinn und Organisation der SA.](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/23-band-ii-kapitel-9-grundgedanken-ber-sinn-und-org/): Band II, Kapitel 9: Grundgedanken über Sinn und Organisation der SA., from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Book I, Chapter 1:General Characteristics of Crowds — Psychological Law of Their Mental Unity](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lebon-the-crowd/02-book-i-chapter-1-general-characteristics-of-crow/): Book I, Chapter 1: General Characteristics of Crowds — Psychological Law of Their Mental Unity, from The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind by Gustave Le… Content note: Period generalisations about race, sex and class, presented by the author as science. - [Book I, Chapter 2:The Sentiments and Morality of Crowds](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lebon-the-crowd/03-book-i-chapter-2-the-sentiments-and-morality-of/): Book I, Chapter 2: The Sentiments and Morality of Crowds, from The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind by Gustave Le Bon. Content note: Period generalisations about race, sex and class, presented by the author as science. - [Book I, Chapter 3:The Ideas, Reasoning Power, and Imagination of Crowds](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lebon-the-crowd/04-book-i-chapter-3-the-ideas-reasoning-power-and-i/): Book I, Chapter 3: The Ideas, Reasoning Power, and Imagination of Crowds, from The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind by Gustave Le Bon. Content note: Period generalisations about race, sex and class, presented by the author as science. - [Book I, Chapter 4:A Religious Shape Assumed by All the Convictions of Crowds](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lebon-the-crowd/05-book-i-chapter-4-a-religious-shape-assumed-by-al/): Book I, Chapter 4: A Religious Shape Assumed by All the Convictions of Crowds, from The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind by Gustave Le Bon. Content note: Period generalisations about race, sex and class, presented by the author as science. - [Book II, Chapter 1:Remote Factors of the Opinions and Beliefs of Crowds](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lebon-the-crowd/06-book-ii-chapter-1-remote-factors-of-the-opinions/): Book II, Chapter 1: Remote Factors of the Opinions and Beliefs of Crowds, from The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind by Gustave Le Bon. Content note: Period generalisations about race, sex and class, presented by the author as science. - [Book II, Chapter 2:The Immediate Factors of the Opinions of Crowds](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lebon-the-crowd/07-book-ii-chapter-2-the-immediate-factors-of-the-o/): Book II, Chapter 2: The Immediate Factors of the Opinions of Crowds, from The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind by Gustave Le Bon. Content note: Period generalisations about race, sex and class, presented by the author as science. - [Book II, Chapter 3:The Leaders of Crowds and Their Means of Persuasion](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lebon-the-crowd/08-book-ii-chapter-3-the-leaders-of-crowds-and-thei/): Book II, Chapter 3: The Leaders of Crowds and Their Means of Persuasion, from The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind by Gustave Le Bon. Content note: Period generalisations about race, sex and class, presented by the author as science. - [Book II, Chapter 4:Limitations of the Variability of the Beliefs and Opinions of Crowds](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lebon-the-crowd/09-book-ii-chapter-4-limitations-of-the-variability/): Book II, Chapter 4: Limitations of the Variability of the Beliefs and Opinions of Crowds, from The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind by Gustave Le Bon. Content note: Period generalisations about race, sex and class, presented by the author as science. - [Book III, Chapter 1:The Classification of Crowds](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lebon-the-crowd/10-book-iii-chapter-1-the-classification-of-crowds/): Book III, Chapter 1: The Classification of Crowds, from The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind by Gustave Le Bon. Content note: Period generalisations about race, sex and class, presented by the author as science. - [Book III, Chapter 2:Crowds Termed Criminal Crowds](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lebon-the-crowd/11-book-iii-chapter-2-crowds-termed-criminal-crowds/): Book III, Chapter 2: Crowds Termed Criminal Crowds, from The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind by Gustave Le Bon. Content note: Period generalisations about race, sex and class, presented by the author as science. - [Book III, Chapter 3: Criminal Juries](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lebon-the-crowd/12-book-iii-chapter-3-criminal-juries/): Book III, Chapter 3: Criminal Juries, from The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind by Gustave Le Bon. Content note: Period generalisations about race, sex and class, presented by the author as science. - [Book III, Chapter 4: Electoral Crowds](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lebon-the-crowd/13-book-iii-chapter-4-electoral-crowds/): Book III, Chapter 4: Electoral Crowds, from The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind by Gustave Le Bon. Content note: Period generalisations about race, sex and class, presented by the author as science. - [Book III, Chapter 5: Parliamentary Assemblies](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lebon-the-crowd/14-book-iii-chapter-5-parliamentary-assemblies/): Book III, Chapter 5: Parliamentary Assemblies, from The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind by Gustave Le Bon. Content note: Period generalisations about race, sex and class, presented by the author as science. - [Conclusions](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/bryce-report-german-outrages-1915/05-conclusions/): Conclusions, from The Bryce Report on Alleged German Outrages by Committee on Alleged German Outrages (chair: Viscount Bryce). Content note: Describes killings, sexual violence and the destruction of towns, as reported in witness statements the committee accepted. - [Doctrine:the archive's contract and the doctrines it studies](https://propagandaarchive.org/about/doctrine/): FRAME's working definition and method, and the theorists, official doctrines and manuals behind propaganda, each described to the same standard. - [Edward Bernays, Propaganda (1928)](https://propagandaarchive.org/about/bernays-propaganda/): Edward Bernays's Propaganda (1928) as a doctrine source: what it says, how it worked in practice, and the reception and criticism it drew. - [Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky, Manufacturing Consent (1988)](https://propagandaarchive.org/about/herman-chomsky-propaganda-model/): The propaganda model in Herman and Chomsky's Manufacturing Consent (1988): what it says, how it worked in practice, and how it has been assessed. - [Falsehood in War-Time](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/): Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby (1928), full text with provenance and rights. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [Harold D. Lasswell, Propaganda Technique in the World War (1927)](https://propagandaarchive.org/about/lasswell-propaganda-technique/): Lasswell (1902 to 1978) wrote the book less than a decade after the Armistice, when the belief that wartime propaganda had misled the public was… Content note: Dehumanizing caricature of Germans as an ape, implied sexual violence and partial nudity. - [Hitler, Goebbels and the Reich Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda (1925-1945)](https://propagandaarchive.org/about/nazi-propaganda-ministry/): Hitler, Goebbels and the Reich Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda (1925-1945): what the doctrine says, how it worked, and how it is assessed. Content note: Studio portrait of Joseph Goebbels in uniform with a swastika armband. - [Inaugural Address, January 20, 1961](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/kennedy-inaugural-1961/): Inaugural Address, January 20, 1961 by John F. Kennedy (1961-01-20), full text with provenance and rights. - [Institute for Propaganda Analysis, How to Detect Propaganda (1937)](https://propagandaarchive.org/about/ipa-seven-devices/): The 1937 Institute for Propaganda Analysis list: name-calling, glittering generalities, transfer, testimonial, plain folks, card stacking and bandwagon. - [Introduction](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/02-introduction/): Introduction, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [Introduction: The Era of Crowds](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lebon-the-crowd/01-introduction-the-era-of-crowds/): Introduction: The Era of Crowds, from The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind by Gustave Le Bon. Content note: Period generalisations about race, sex and class, presented by the author as science. - [Introductory Observations](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/bryce-report-german-outrages-1915/02-introductory-observations/): Introductory Observations, from The Bryce Report on Alleged German Outrages by Committee on Alleged German Outrages (chair: Viscount Bryce). Content note: Describes killings, sexual violence and the destruction of towns, as reported in witness statements the committee accepted. - [Jacques Ellul, Propaganda:The Formation of Men's Attitudes (1962)](https://propagandaarchive.org/about/ellul-propaganda/): Ellul wrote Propagandes as part of a larger body of work on what he called "technique", the drive toward efficient method in every field of modern life… - [Lenin and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the agitprop model (1902-1991)](https://propagandaarchive.org/about/soviet-agitprop/): Lenin and the Soviet agitprop model (1902-1991): what the doctrine says, how it worked in practice, and how it has been assessed. Content note: Caricature of Hitler with a swastika. - [Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party, thought work and the mass line (1942-present)](https://propagandaarchive.org/about/maoist-thought-work/): The CCP set up its Central Propaganda Department (中共中央宣传部, Zhongxuanbu) in May 1924, during the First United Front with the Kuomintang, on the Comintern… - [Mein Kampf (German)](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/): Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler (1925–1926), full text with provenance and rights. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Munich Security Conference Speech, February 10, 2007](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/putin-munich-2007/): Munich Security Conference Speech, February 10, 2007 by Vladimir Putin (2007-02-10), full text with provenance and rights. - [Part I: Conduct of the German Troops in Belgium](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/bryce-report-german-outrages-1915/03-part-i-conduct-of-the-german-troops-in-belgium/): Part I: Conduct of the German Troops in Belgium, from The Bryce Report on Alleged German Outrages by Committee on Alleged German Outrages (chair… Content note: Describes killings, sexual violence and the destruction of towns, as reported in witness statements the committee accepted. - [Part II: Breaches of Rules and Usages of War and Acts of Inhumanity in Invaded Territories](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/bryce-report-german-outrages-1915/04-part-ii-breaches-of-rules-and-usages-of-war-and/): Part II: Breaches of Rules and Usages of War and Acts of Inhumanity in Invaded Territories, from The Bryce Report on Alleged German Outrages by Committee… Content note: Describes killings, sexual violence and the destruction of towns, as reported in witness statements the committee accepted. - [People's Liberation Army, the Three Warfares (2003)](https://propagandaarchive.org/about/pla-three-warfares/): The regulations are the PLA's rulebook for "political work," the Party's system of political officers, education and discipline inside the armed forces… - [Preface](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/ponsonby-falsehood-in-war-time/01-preface/): Preface, from Falsehood in War-Time by Arthur Ponsonby. Content note: Repeats First World War atrocity stories, including invented ones, and their wording. - [Primary texts](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/): Full texts of primary sources the archive cites: books, speeches and official reports that are in the public domain or openly licensed, each with its… - [Propaganda](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/bernays-propaganda/): Propaganda by Edward L. Bernays (1928), full text with provenance and rights. - [Public Opinion](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lippmann-public-opinion/): Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann (1922), full text with provenance and rights. - [Schlußwort](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/30-schlu-wort/): Schlußwort, from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Soviet and Russian military theory, Reflexive control and information confrontation (1960s-2016)](https://propagandaarchive.org/about/russian-reflexive-control/): Reflexive control grew out of Soviet work in the 1960s on decision-making, game theory and cybernetics. - [The Bryce Report on Alleged German Outrages](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/bryce-report-german-outrages-1915/): The Bryce Report on Alleged German Outrages by Committee on Alleged German Outrages (chair: Viscount Bryce) (1915), full text with provenance and rights. Content note: Describes killings, sexual violence and the destruction of towns, as reported in witness statements the committee accepted. - [The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/lebon-the-crowd/): The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind by Gustave Le Bon (1896), full text with provenance and rights. Content note: Period generalisations about race, sex and class, presented by the author as science. - [U.S. Army and Joint Staff, Psychological Operations doctrine (1987-2013)](https://propagandaarchive.org/about/us-psyop-doctrine/): U.S. Army and Joint Staff psychological operations doctrine (1987-2013) as a primary source: what it says, how it worked, and how it is assessed. Content note: Wartime leaflet showing gas-masked soldiers, an explosion and a biohazard sign, with a threat of retribution. - [Vorwort](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/01-vorwort/): Vorwort, from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. - [Walter Lippmann, Public Opinion (1922)](https://propagandaarchive.org/about/lippmann-public-opinion/): Lippmann wrote Public Opinion straight after serving in the U.S. war effort of 1917-1918. - [War Message to Congress, April 2, 1917](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/wilson-war-message-1917/): War Message to Congress, April 2, 1917 by Woodrow Wilson (1917-04-02), full text with provenance and rights. - [Warrant of Appointment](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/bryce-report-german-outrages-1915/01-warrant-of-appointment/): Warrant of Appointment, from The Bryce Report on Alleged German Outrages by Committee on Alleged German Outrages (chair: Viscount Bryce). Content note: Describes killings, sexual violence and the destruction of towns, as reported in witness statements the committee accepted. - [Widmung](https://propagandaarchive.org/library/hitler-mein-kampf-german/02-widmung/): Widmung, from Mein Kampf (German) by Adolf Hitler. Content note: Sets out an antisemitic and racist ideology, uses dehumanising language about Jews and other groups, and argues for war, conquest and the removal of political opponents. ## Maps - [Where and when](https://propagandaarchive.org/history-map/): Every dated object, brief, campaign and case study in the archive on a world map and a timeline. - [Which techniques travel together](https://propagandaarchive.org/map/): Which propaganda techniques turn up together in the same brief, grouped by family. ## About Owner: AXIA Enterprises Standard followed: https://llmbestpractices.com Updated: 2026-09-29