---
title: 'Middle East propaganda: Ottoman, Arab, Israeli, Iraqi and Islamic State examples'
url: https://propagandaarchive.org/middle-east-propaganda/
description: 'Middle East propaganda from 1908 to 2017: 24 Ottoman, Arab, Turkish, Israeli, Iraqi, Syrian and Islamic State objects, tagged by technique.'
section: FRAME
---

![Illustration: a dossier collage of an evidence wall of pinned propaganda posters, leaflets and printed matter from many eras, with contact sheets and catalog labels.](https://propagandaarchive.org/static/generated/hero-collection.jpg)

Collection

# Middle East propaganda: Ottoman, Arab, Israeli, Iraqi and Islamic State examples

Middle East propaganda from 1908 to 2017: 24 Ottoman, Arab, Turkish, Israeli, Iraqi, Syrian and Islamic State objects, tagged by technique.

1. [Home](https://propagandaarchive.org/)
2. [Collection](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/)
3. Middle East propaganda

[![The Modern Civilization of Europe: France in Morocco & England in Egypt (Cairo Punch supplement)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/cairo-punch-modern-civilization-of-europe-1908.jpg)The Modern Civilization of Europe: France in Morocco & England in Egypt (Cairo Punch supplement)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/cairo-punch-modern-civilization-of-europe-1908/) [![Proclamation to all our Muslim brothers (Sharif Hussein, Arab Revolt, 27 June 1916)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/sharif-hussein-proclamation-arab-revolt-1916-640.jpg)Proclamation to all our Muslim brothers (Sharif Hussein, Arab Revolt, 27 June 1916)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/sharif-hussein-proclamation-arab-revolt-1916/) [![Falastin / La Palestine: special English edition for Lord Balfour's visit, 'J'accuse!' (Jaffa, 25 March 1925)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/falastin-special-english-edition-balfour-visit-1925-640.jpg)Falastin / La Palestine: special English edition for Lord Balfour's visit, 'J'accuse!' (Jaffa, 25 March 1925)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/falastin-special-english-edition-balfour-visit-1925/) [![State Information Service billboard 'A durable peace based on justice is our aim' (Cairo, 1979)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/egypt-sis-durable-peace-billboard-cairo-1979-640.jpg)State Information Service billboard 'A durable peace based on justice is our aim' (Cairo, 1979)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/egypt-sis-durable-peace-billboard-cairo-1979/) [![Fida'iyyu Saddam tali'a (Saddam's Fedayeen are the vanguard): Fedayeen Saddam poster with Dome of the Rock](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/iraq-fedayeen-saddam-poster-mujahidi-al-umma-1995-640.jpg)Fida'iyyu Saddam tali'a (Saddam's Fedayeen are the vanguard): Fedayeen Saddam poster with Dome of the Rock](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/iraq-fedayeen-saddam-poster-mujahidi-al-umma-1995/) [![Voice of America footage still: SDF, YPG and YPJ flags displayed in the centre of Raqqa after its capture (Raqqa, 20 October 2017)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/syria-sdf-ypg-ypj-flags-raqqa-2017.jpg)Voice of America footage still: SDF, YPG and YPJ flags displayed in the centre of Raqqa after its capture (Raqqa, 20 October 2017)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/syria-sdf-ypg-ypj-flags-raqqa-2017/)

> **Content note.** Two objects on this page are hostile to a group of people: a 1936 Arab newspaper cartoon that draws "World Jewry" as an octopus, and a 1909 Ottoman cartoon of a severed head. Others carry portraits of rulers, bullet-damaged murals and war leaflets. They appear as issued, as evidence of what each issuer showed its audience. Showing an item is not endorsing it.

[What is Middle East propaganda?](https://propagandaarchive.org/middle-east-propaganda/#what-is-middle-east-propaganda) [How did propaganda change in the late Ottoman empire and Turkey?](https://propagandaarchive.org/middle-east-propaganda/#how-did-propaganda-change-in-the-late-ottoman-empire-and-tur) [How did Arab, colonial and nationalist papers and posters persuade, 1908 to 1929?](https://propagandaarchive.org/middle-east-propaganda/#how-did-arab-colonial-and-nationalist-papers-and-posters-per) [How did Palestinian and Zionist sources address the Palestine question?](https://propagandaarchive.org/middle-east-propaganda/#how-did-palestinian-and-zionist-sources-address-the-palestin) [How did Egypt, Syria and Libya address each other and the West in the 1970s and 1980s?](https://propagandaarchive.org/middle-east-propaganda/#how-did-egypt-syria-and-libya-address-each-other-and-the-wes) [How did Saddam Hussein's Iraq use propaganda?](https://propagandaarchive.org/middle-east-propaganda/#how-did-saddam-hussein-s-iraq-use-propaganda)

## What is Middle East propaganda?

Middle East propaganda is organised persuasion by states, parties, movements and outside powers in the Middle East and North Africa, from the Ottoman constitution of 1908 to the Syrian war. The collection holds 24 such objects on this page, each tagged by issuer, audience and technique. They include newspapers, posters, leaflets, broadcast transcripts, a coin and photographs.

Explain moreShow less

The page uses the working definition applied to every country ([how FRAME defines propaganda](https://propagandaarchive.org/about/working-definition/)) and the same technique definitions for every issuer. Iranian propaganda is catalogued separately and is not covered here. Related pages: [Iraq War propaganda](https://propagandaarchive.org/iraq-war-propaganda/), [propaganda leaflets](https://propagandaarchive.org/propaganda-leaflets/), [propaganda radio](https://propagandaarchive.org/propaganda-radio/) and [psychological operations](https://propagandaarchive.org/types-of-propaganda/psychological-operations/).

**Gaps, stated plainly.** The holdings are uneven. Turkish, Egyptian, Iraqi, Syrian and Palestinian Arab material is well represented; Islamic State is represented by one coin and no videos, magazines or social media posts; Israeli material is one 2012 graphic and one 1925 Zionist poster; Western issuers appear only through French colonial items. American and British leaflets and broadcasts aimed at the region are catalogued elsewhere. US translations of Arab radio (FBIS) are reports by a US agency, not US propaganda. Read each section as one side's record.

![Postcard: Long live the fatherland, nation and liberty, with Enver Bey, 1908](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/young-turk-constitution-postcard-1908.jpg)

## How did propaganda change in the late Ottoman empire and Turkey?

A postcard of 24 July 1908, issued by the Young Turk movement, marks the restoration of the 1876 constitution. Enver Bey sits in a laurel wreath beside Ottoman flags and a chant in Ottoman Turkish and French. The entry tags glittering generalities: shared feeling stands in for any claim about what the constitution would change. [Read the technique: glittering generalities](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/glittering-generalities/).

**Content note:** Satirical cartoon of the Ottoman Sultan Abdulhamid II beneath a framed picture of a severed head on a platter. This object is shown as it was published. [Why](https://propagandaarchive.org/about/#as-it-was) ![Kalem cartoon: Abdulhamid II beneath a picture of a severed head, 1909](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/kalem-abdulhamid-severed-head-cartoon-1909.jpg)

![Tasvir-i Efkar front page, 29 October 1915](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/tasvir-i-efkar-war-anniversary-1915.jpg)

![Halaskaran-i Islam: National Struggle poster showing a woman with a flag and the National Pact map](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/halaskaran-i-islam-national-struggle-poster-1921.jpg)

![Rival presidential billboards in Istanbul, election day 2014](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/turkey-election-billboards-2014.jpg)

Explain moreShow less

The Istanbul satirical weekly Kalem showed Sultan Abdulhamid II in an armchair under a framed severed head on a platter, wondering whether "they" would ask for grand viziers' heads or his own. Its audience was domestic. The entry tags name-calling and warns the issue date is uncertain, since he was deposed on 27 April 1909. [Read the technique: name-calling](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/name-calling/).

Under wartime censorship, Tasvir-i Efkar marked the war's first anniversary with a soldier before a large crescent flag and portraits of two named officers. Captions tie the Dardanelles defence and the Caliphate to 300 million Muslims. The entry tags transfer. The Ottoman appeal to Muslims is treated in the case study [Ottoman holy war, 1914](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/ottoman-holy-war-1914/). [Read the technique: transfer](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/transfer/).

A lithograph from the Anatolian national movement shows a woman draped in a flag, dagger in hand, pointing to a map labelled the National Pact, ringed by Mustafa Kemal and thirteen commanders. The date 1921 is FRAME's estimate; Turkish press reports give 1918 or 1919 and about ten copies, unconfirmed. Tagged transfer. [Read the technique: transfer](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/transfer/).

On 10 August 2014, Turkey's first direct presidential vote, three campaigns displayed billboards at Mecidiyeköy: Erdoğan's "Add strength to Turkey's strength", İhsanoğlu's "The pride of the Turkish nation" and a Demirtaş banner, "Democratic change, peaceful Turkey." The entry tags all three glittering generalities, the government side and the opposition alike. [Read the technique: glittering generalities](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/glittering-generalities/).

![Proclamation of Sharif Hussein of Mecca at the outbreak of the Arab Revolt, 1916](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/sharif-hussein-proclamation-arab-revolt-1916.jpg)

## How did Arab, colonial and nationalist papers and posters persuade, 1908 to 1929?

Sharif Hussein's single-sheet proclamation of 27 June 1916 opens "In the name of God", addresses "all our Muslim brothers" and quotes a Quranic verse. The entry tags transfer: a political break with the Ottoman government is framed in scripture. The facsimile comes from a 1917 London book. [Read the technique: transfer](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/transfer/).

![Al-Muqtabas front page: Guest of Damascus, General Gouraud, 1920](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/al-muqtabas-guest-of-damascus-gouraud-1920.jpg)

**Content note:** Colonial-era poster showing Algerian dockers and fruit-sellers under the French tricolour, issued to celebrate the centenary of the 1830 French conquest. This object is shown as it was published. [Why](https://propagandaarchive.org/about/#as-it-was) ![Centenaire de l'Algerie poster by Leon Cauvy, 1929](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/centenaire-algerie-cauvy-1929.jpg)

![The Cairo Punch supplement: the Modern Civilization of Europe, with Casablanca and Denshawai](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/cairo-punch-modern-civilization-of-europe-1908.jpg)

![Wafd cartoon: Saad Zaghlul and Safiya Zaghlul, 1923](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/wafd-zaghlul-cartoon-siyasa-musawwara-1923.png)

Explain moreShow less

Three months after French troops took Damascus, the daily Al-Muqtabas ran an unsigned biography of the French High Commissioner, General Gouraud, calling him "hero" and "great hero of France". The paper appeared under French military administration. The entry tags glittering generalities. [Read the technique: glittering generalities](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/glittering-generalities/).

The French colonial administration's poster for the 1930 centenary of French Algeria flies a tricolour with an "R F" monogram over Algiers harbour, with Algerian dockers and fruit-sellers in the foreground. The entry tags transfer: the flag sets state authority over the scene. The war that followed is the subject of [the case study on Algeria's action psychologique](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/algerian-war-action-psychologique/). [Read the technique: transfer](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/transfer/).

An Egyptian colour supplement shows a French and a British soldier toasting across skulls, with burning Casablanca and the Denshawai gallows behind. Two selected episodes stand for Europe's "modern civilization". The entry tags card stacking and dates it to 1908 as the earliest year in a Library of Congress range. [Read the technique: card stacking](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/card-stacking/).

For the Wafd campaign, cartoonists Abd al-Hamid Zaki and Ahmad Hasan al-Shubaki drew Saad Zaghlul and his wife clasping hands under four earlier nationalists, with pharaonic-style figures kneeling by them. The entry tags transfer and glittering generalities: earlier figures and ancient imagery are placed around the Wafd leader. [Read the technique: transfer](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/transfer/).

![Poster: Come and see the Palestine Exhibition, Vienna, 1925](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/palestine-exhibition-zionist-congress-1925.jpg)

## How did Palestinian and Zionist sources address the Palestine question?

The Palestine Zionist Executive's trade department issued this poster for an exhibition during the XIV Zionist Congress in Vienna, 18 to 31 August 1925. Two men carry a huge grape cluster past orange trees and an oil derrick. The audience was the Jewish diaspora. Tagged transfer; the scriptural echo is FRAME's reading. [Read the technique: transfer](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/transfer/).

![Falastin special English edition for Lord Balfour's visit, 1925](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/falastin-special-english-edition-balfour-visit-1925.jpg)

**Content note:** Antisemitic cartoon depicting 'World Jewry' as an octopus (Star of David on its head) strangling a woman who personifies Palestine. This object is shown as it was published. [Why](https://propagandaarchive.org/about/#as-it-was) ![Falastin cartoon: Palestine Entangled by World Jewry, 1936](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/falastin-palestine-entangled-world-jewry-1936.jpg)

![Israel Defense Forces graphic: What would you do?, 2012](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/what-would-you-do-idf-infographic-2012.jpg)

Explain moreShow less

The Jaffa Arab daily Falastin issued an English special edition on 25 March 1925 for Balfour's visit. It calls the Declaration "the death knell" of Arab hopes and carries a boxed "J'ACCUSE!" against the British Government, the League of Nations and the Palestine Government. Its audience was foreign. Tagged scapegoating, testimonial and transfer. [Read the technique: scapegoating](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/scapegoating/).

In 1936, the year of the Arab general strike and revolt, Falastin printed an octopus marked with a Star of David wrapping a distressed woman who personifies Palestine, captioned "Palestine entangled by World Jewry". It was reprinted in the pamphlet The Palestine Case. The entry tags scapegoating and fear appeal. [Read the technique: scapegoating](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/scapegoating/).

On 19 November 2012, during Operation Pillar of Defense, the IDF Spokesperson's Unit published a graphic showing rockets falling on Sydney, New York, London and Paris, asking viewers to share it if they agree Israel has a right to self-defense. It is openly branded. Tagged fear appeal. Related: [Israel, current government](https://propagandaarchive.org/regimes/israel-government-current/). [Read the technique: fear appeal](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/fear-appeal/).

![State Information Service billboard in Cairo: A durable peace based on justice, 1979](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/egypt-sis-durable-peace-billboard-cairo-1979.jpg)

## How did Egypt, Syria and Libya address each other and the West in the 1970s and 1980s?

Egypt's State Information Service put up this billboard in Cairo on 8 March 1979, the day Carter arrived. Portraits of Carter and Sadat flank "A durable peace based on justice is our aim" in English and Arabic. The entry tags glittering generalities: no terms or parties are named. It is openly attributed state material. [Read the technique: glittering generalities](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/glittering-generalities/).

![FBIS Daily Report: Damascus radio on the treasonous Camp David agreements, 1978](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/fbis-damascus-camp-david-treasonous-1978.jpg)

![FBIS Daily Report: Tripoli radio on the Gulf of Sidra incident, 1981](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/tripoli-radio-gulf-of-sidra-reagan-terrorist-1981.jpg)

Explain moreShow less

Ten days after the Camp David Accords, Damascus Domestic Service, as translated by the US Foreign Broadcast Information Service, called Egypt's course "capitulationist", Sadat's act "joining the enemy ranks" and the agreements "treasonous". The audience was domestic. Tagged name-calling. [Read the technique: name-calling](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/name-calling/).

After US Navy fighters shot down two Libyan aircraft on 19 August 1981, Libyan state radio called Ronald Reagan "the leader of terrorism" and reported rallies of "the popular masses". The US and Libya gave different accounts of who fired first. Tagged name-calling and bandwagon. [Read the technique: bandwagon](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/bandwagon/).

## How did Saddam Hussein's Iraq use propaganda?

The Iraqi state is the best-documented single regime in the holdings; see the regime page [Ba'athist Iraq](https://propagandaarchive.org/regimes/ba-athist-iraq/) and the case study [Gulf crisis, 1990](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/gulf-crisis-1990/).

**Content note:** Wartime leaflet pairing a devotional portrait of Imam Ali with a warning that divine wrath will pursue attacking troops. This object is shown as it was published. [Why](https://propagandaarchive.org/about/#as-it-was) ![Iraqi leaflet to Iranians with a portrait of Imam Ali, 1980](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/iraq-notice-to-iranians-imam-ali-1980.jpg)

![FBIS page: Baghdad radio reads Saddam Husayn's letter to Bush, 1991](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/fbis-baghdad-saddam-letter-to-bush-1991.jpg)

![Mural: Hero of Victory and Peace, Saddam Hussein, photographed 1991](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/saddam-hero-of-victory-and-peace-mural-1991.jpg)

![Fedayeen Saddam recruitment poster with the Dome of the Rock, c. 1995](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/iraq-fedayeen-saddam-poster-mujahidi-al-umma-1995.jpg)

Explain moreShow less

This Persian-language notice from the Iraqi armed forces, aimed at Iranian troops, presents Iraq as keeper of the Imams' shrines, warns of divine wrath on attackers and tells readers to surrender to survive. It is undated; the war's start is the earliest possible year. Tagged fear appeal and transfer. [Read the technique: fear appeal](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/fear-appeal/).

On 17 January 1991, the first day of the air war, Baghdad radio read Saddam Husayn's letter to George H. W. Bush, calling him "enemy of God and colleague of the devil" and citing Koranic verses. The entry tags name-calling, transfer, demagoguery and demonization. [Read the technique: demonization](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/demonization/).

A state-sponsored painted panel shows Saddam Hussein in uniform under the banner "Hero of Victory and Peace". The photograph, with bullet impacts, is from 1991; the mural itself is undated. The entry tags glittering generalities and cult of personality. [Read the technique: cult of personality](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/cult-of-personality/).

The Fedayeen Saddam paramilitary's poster shows Saddam firing a rifle skyward before the Dome of the Rock, above masked fighters, calling them the "Mujahideen of the Umma". The year 1995 is the earliest plausible date. Tagged transfer: an Islamic shrine is placed behind the leader and the unit. [Read the technique: transfer](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/transfer/).

![Pro-government wall painting and Assad poster, Damascus, 2014](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/syria-pro-assad-wall-poster-damascus-2014.jpg)

## What survives from Syria and the Islamic State?

Before the presidential election of 3 June 2014, walls in Damascus carried posters of Bashar al-Assad against a pattern in the flag's red, white and black. The official result was 88.7 per cent, in a vote held only in government-controlled areas. Tagged cult of personality and transfer. [Read the technique: cult of personality](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/cult-of-personality/).

![Islamic State gold dinar, reverse, 2015](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/islamic-state-gold-dinar-reverse-2015.jpg)

![Syrian Democratic Forces, YPG and YPJ flags in Raqqa, 2017](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/images/syria-sdf-ypg-ypj-flags-raqqa-2017.jpg)

Explain moreShow less

The Islamic State announced gold dinars in 2015 as a monetary system modelled, by its own account, on early Islamic coinage. The reverse shows ears of wheat and the year 1437 AH; only this side is cleared for hosting. Tagged transfer: state-style coinage issued by a non-state armed group. The group's own media is covered in [Islamic State media and Dabiq](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/islamic-state-media-dabiq/). [Read the technique: transfer](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/transfer/).

Three days after the SDF announced the end of the Raqqa campaign against ISIL, a Voice of America Kurdish video, 20 October 2017, showed a building-sized banner and SDF, YPG and YPJ flags in the ruined centre. The SDF fought with US-led coalition air support. Tagged transfer. [Read the technique: transfer](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/transfer/).

## Middle East propaganda in the collection

Showing 24 of 24 objects. [Filter the whole collection](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/).

- [The Modern Civilization of Europe: France in Morocco & England in Egypt (Cairo Punch supplement)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/cairo-punch-modern-civilization-of-europe-1908/) (Egypt · 1908 · Card stacking). Content note: Allegorical colour cartoon with skeletons, a bloodied corpse and a hanged figure, depicting French and British colonial violence.
- [Yaşasın Vatan, Yaşasın Millet, Yaşasın Hürriyet! (Long Live the Fatherland, the Nation, Liberty!)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/young-turk-constitution-postcard-1908/) (Ottoman Empire · Jul 24, 1908 · Glittering generalities)
- [Kalem cartoon of Abdulhamid II and his secretary ("Il y a mis du temps, mais il a compris")](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/kalem-abdulhamid-severed-head-cartoon-1909/) (Ottoman Empire · Apr 29, 1909 · Name-calling)
- [Tasvir-i Efkar front page, 29 October 1915: Ottoman-Entente war anniversary](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/tasvir-i-efkar-war-anniversary-1915/) (Ottoman Empire · Oct 29, 1915 · Transfer)
- [Proclamation to all our Muslim brothers (Sharif Hussein, Arab Revolt, 27 June 1916)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/sharif-hussein-proclamation-arab-revolt-1916/) (Emirate of Mecca · Jun 27, 1916 · Transfer)
- [Al-Muqtabas, daily, front page (Damascus, 25 October 1920): Guest of Damascus, General Gouraud](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/al-muqtabas-guest-of-damascus-gouraud-1920/) (Mandatory Syria · Oct 25, 1920 · Glittering generalities). Content note: Heroizing biography of the French High Commissioner printed in a Damascus daily three months after the French conquest of the city.
- [Halâskârân-ı İslâm (Saviours of Islam): National Struggle poster of Mustafa Kemal and fourteen commanders](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/halaskaran-i-islam-national-struggle-poster-1921/) (Turkish National Movement · 1921 · Transfer)
- [Call for Freedom and Independence with Support for Saad and Safiya Zaghlul (al-Siyasa al-Musawwara)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/wafd-zaghlul-cartoon-siyasa-musawwara-1923/) (Kingdom of Egypt · 1923 · Transfer, Glittering generalities)
- [Come & See the Palestine Exhibition, Vienna (XIV Zionist Congress poster)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/palestine-exhibition-zionist-congress-1925/) (Mandatory Palestine · 1925 · Transfer)
- [Falastin / La Palestine: special English edition for Lord Balfour's visit, 'J'accuse!' (Jaffa, 25 March 1925)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/falastin-special-english-edition-balfour-visit-1925/) (Mandatory Palestine · Mar 25, 1925 · Scapegoating, Testimonial, Transfer). Content note: Newspaper page that reproduces an excerpt asserting that 'Jewish international finance' and 'pan-Judaism' seek 'world control', a conspiratorial antisemitic claim, alongside political protest against the Balfour Declaration and the Mandate.
- [Centenaire de l'Algérie, 1830-1930 (poster by Léon Cauvy)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/centenaire-algerie-cauvy-1929/) (French Algeria · 1929 · Transfer)
- [Palestine Entangled by World Jewry (Falastin newspaper cartoon)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/falastin-palestine-entangled-world-jewry-1936/) (Mandatory Palestine · 1936 · Scapegoating, Fear appeal). Content note: Antisemitic caricature: an octopus labelled 'World Jewry' with Star of David markings, entangling a woman.
- [FBIS Daily Report: Damascus Domestic Service on the 'treasonous Camp David agreements' (28 Sep 1978)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/fbis-damascus-camp-david-treasonous-1978/) (Syria · Sep 27, 1978 · Name-calling). Content note: Syrian state radio calls the Camp David Accords 'treasonous' and Sadat's policy 'capitulationist'.
- [State Information Service billboard 'A durable peace based on justice is our aim' (Cairo, 1979)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/egypt-sis-durable-peace-billboard-cairo-1979/) (Egypt · Mar 8, 1979 · Glittering generalities)
- [Payam: Ay Iraniyan (Message: O Iranians): Iraqi armed forces notice with image of Imam Ali](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/iraq-notice-to-iranians-imam-ali-1980/) (Iraq · 1980 · Fear appeal, Transfer)
- [Tripoli radio on the Gulf of Sidra incident ('terrorist Ronald Reagan'), FBIS Daily Report, 21 August 1981](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/tripoli-radio-gulf-of-sidra-reagan-terrorist-1981/) (Libya · Aug 21, 1981 · Name-calling, Bandwagon). Content note: State radio calling the U.S. President 'terrorist Ronald Reagan' and 'the leader of terrorism' after the Gulf of Sidra air battle, with reported crowds declaring readiness 'to respond to the call for death'.
- [بطل النصر والسلام (Hero of Victory and Peace), Saddam Hussein roadside mural, bullet-damaged](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/saddam-hero-of-victory-and-peace-mural-1991/) (Iraq · 1991 · Glittering generalities, Cult of personality). Content note: Bullet-damaged state mural of Saddam Hussein; a uniformed soldier stands beside it. No graphic content.
- [FBIS Daily Report: Baghdad Domestic Service reads Saddam Husayn's letter to Bush (17 Jan 1991)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/fbis-baghdad-saddam-letter-to-bush-1991/) (Iraq · Jan 17, 1991 · Name-calling, Transfer, Demagoguery, Demonization). Content note: Wartime letter from Saddam Husayn calling President Bush 'enemy of God and colleague of the devil', 'atheist, unbeliever, sinful aggressor', and the Gulf rulers 'treacherous'.
- [Fida'iyyu Saddam tali'a (Saddam's Fedayeen are the vanguard): Fedayeen Saddam poster with Dome of the Rock](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/iraq-fedayeen-saddam-poster-mujahidi-al-umma-1995/) (Iraq · 1995 · Transfer). Content note: Glorifying poster of Saddam Hussein firing a rifle, with masked armed paramilitaries and the Dome of the Rock.
- ['What would you do?' Israel Defense Forces infographic](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/what-would-you-do-idf-infographic-2012/) (Israel · Nov 19, 2012 · Fear appeal)
- [Pro-government wall painting and Bashar al-Assad portrait poster, 2014 presidential election campaign (Damascus, May 2014)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/syria-pro-assad-wall-poster-damascus-2014/) (Syria · May 2014 · Cult of personality, Transfer)
- [Rival presidential billboards, Istanbul, election day 2014](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/turkey-election-billboards-2014/) (Turkey · Aug 10, 2014 · Glittering generalities)
- [Islamic State gold dinar, reverse with wheat ears and the year 1437 AH (Islamic State, 2015)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/islamic-state-gold-dinar-reverse-2015/) (Iraq · 2015 · Transfer)
- [Voice of America footage still: SDF, YPG and YPJ flags displayed in the centre of Raqqa after its capture (Raqqa, 20 October 2017)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/syria-sdf-ypg-ypj-flags-raqqa-2017/) (Syrian Democratic Forces · Oct 20, 2017 · Transfer)

## Related guides and pages

- [Colonial propaganda from 1885 to 1976](https://propagandaarchive.org/colonial-propaganda/)
- [Indian independence propaganda, 1857 to 1958](https://propagandaarchive.org/indian-independence-propaganda/)
- [Immigration propaganda posters from 1856 to 2025](https://propagandaarchive.org/immigration-propaganda-posters/)
- [All guides](https://propagandaarchive.org/guides/)