--- title: Russian Federation under Vladimir Putin url: https://propagandaarchive.org/regimes/putin-government/ description: The Russian Federation under Vladimir Putin is the Russian state governed by him as president from 2000 to 2008, as prime minister from 2008 to 2012 and… section: FRAME --- ![Illustration: a redacted Cold War intelligence-dossier collage centred on a world map of influence operations, with the U.S. Capitol among the evidence.](https://propagandaarchive.org/static/generated/hero-home.jpg) [Regimes](https://propagandaarchive.org/regimes/) # Russian Federation under Vladimir Putin At a glance The Russian state under Vladimir Putin, president from 2000 to 2008 and from 2012 and prime minister from 2008 to 2012; this page gives the roster as of 29 September 2026. - **Period:** 2000 to present - **Country:** Russia - **Leader:** [Vladimir Putin](https://propagandaarchive.org/regimes/putin-government/#vladimir-putin) - **People listed:** 15 - **As of:** September 29, 2026 - **Techniques:** [Euphemism / doublespeak](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/euphemism/) [Semantic hijacking](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/semantic-hijack/) [Astroturfing](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/astroturf/) [Identity fusion](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/identity-fusion/) [Whataboutism](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/whataboutism/) [Firehosing](https://propagandaarchive.org/techniques/firehosing/) On this page - [The leader and the people under the leader](https://propagandaarchive.org/regimes/putin-government/#the-leader-and-the-people-under-the-leader) - [Background and rise to power](https://propagandaarchive.org/regimes/putin-government/#background-and-rise-to-power) - [How power was organized](https://propagandaarchive.org/regimes/putin-government/#how-power-was-organized) - [The propaganda apparatus](https://propagandaarchive.org/regimes/putin-government/#the-propaganda-apparatus) - [Timeline](https://propagandaarchive.org/regimes/putin-government/#timeline) - [Same-standard note](https://propagandaarchive.org/regimes/putin-government/#same-standard-note) - [Sources](https://propagandaarchive.org/regimes/putin-government/#sources) - [In the archive](https://propagandaarchive.org/regimes/putin-government/#in-the-archive) **In one line:** The Russian Federation under Vladimir Putin is the Russian state governed by him as president from 2000 to 2008, as prime minister from 2008 to 2012 and as president again from 2012 to the present. ## The leader and the people under the leader Roster as of September 29, 2026. Offices and office-holders change; this page is a dated snapshot. - ![Vladimir Putin, 30 September 2025](https://propagandaarchive.org/regimes/images/putin-government/vladimir-putin.jpg) — [Photo](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_(2025-09-30)_(cropped).jpg): Presidential Press and Information Office (kremlin.ru), CC BY 4.0 — Vladimir Putin — President of the Russian Federation · 2000 to 2008 and 2012 to present — Head of state, who chairs the Security Council, appoints the prime minister with the State Duma's consent and was himself prime minister from 2008 to 2012. — In their words — > “Look, there are senior executives from our television company Russia Today sitting across from me. What is happening in some countries where they operate? They are being banned. What does this mean? It means those who do so are afraid of the competition. This is what it means.” > > Meeting of the Valdai International Discussion Club, plenary session, Sochi, 18 October 2018 (English transcript, kremlin.ru) [source](http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/58848) — > “We respect Ukrainians' desire to see their country free, safe and prosperous. I am confident that true sovereignty of Ukraine is possible only in partnership with Russia.” > > Article by Vladimir Putin, "On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians", 12 July 2021 (English text, kremlin.ru) [source](http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/66181) — > “The purpose of this operation is to protect people who, for eight years now, have been facing humiliation and genocide perpetrated by the Kiev regime. To this end, we will seek to demilitarise and denazify Ukraine, as well as bring to trial those who perpetrated numerous bloody crimes against civilians, including against citizens of the Russian Federation.” > > Address by the President of the Russian Federation, 24 February 2022 (English text, kremlin.ru) [source](http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/67843) ### Presidential Executive Office - ![Anton Vaino, June 2019](https://propagandaarchive.org/regimes/images/putin-government/anton-vaino.jpg) — [Photo](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anton_Vaino_(2019-06-26).jpg): kremlin.ru (Presidential Press and Information Office), CC BY 4.0 — Anton Vaino — Head of the Presidential Executive Office · 2016 to present — Directs the Executive Office, the state body that prepares the President's decrees, speeches and draft laws and monitors the implementation of his decisions. - ![Sergei Kiriyenko, October 2025](https://propagandaarchive.org/regimes/images/putin-government/sergey-kiriyenko.jpg) — [Photo](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE_(25-10-2025).jpg): Press service of the Presidential Plenipotentiary Envoy to the Far Eastern Federal District (dfo.gov.ru), CC BY 4.0 — Sergei Kiriyenko — First Deputy Head of the Presidential Executive Office · 2016 to present — Oversees domestic policy in the Executive Office, whose Domestic Policy Directorate handles relations with parties and regional authorities and information policy. - ![Dmitry Peskov, official portrait, 2018](https://propagandaarchive.org/regimes/images/putin-government/dmitry-peskov.jpg) — [Photo](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dmitry_Peskov_portrait.jpg): Presidential Press and Information Office (kremlin.ru), CC BY 4.0 — Dmitry Peskov — Deputy Head of the Presidential Executive Office and Presidential Press Secretary · 2012 to present — Speaks for the President to the press and the public, including in regular briefings. — In their words — > “It's a serious operation with serious purposes. And I think, if we try to remember those purposes, those main goals of the operation, it's to get rid of the military potential of Ukraine.” > > Interview with Christiane Amanpour, CNN, 22 March 2022 (CNN transcript) [source](https://transcripts.cnn.com/show/ampr/date/2022-03-22/segment/01) — > “Number two is to ensure that Ukraine changes from anti-Russian center to a neutral country. And, in this sense, let's remember that, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, actually, the neutral status was fixed in a declaration of independence of the country.” > > Interview with Christiane Amanpour, CNN, 22 March 2022 (CNN transcript) [source](https://transcripts.cnn.com/show/ampr/date/2022-03-22/segment/01) ### Government - ![Mikhail Mishustin, February 2026](https://propagandaarchive.org/regimes/images/putin-government/mikhail-mishustin.jpg) — [Photo](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mikhail_Mishustin_(2026-02-25).jpg): State Duma press service (duma.gov.ru), CC BY 4.0 — Mikhail Mishustin — Prime Minister · 2020 to present — Heads the Government of the Russian Federation, which coordinates the federal ministries and services. - ![Sergei Lavrov, 27 October 2025](https://propagandaarchive.org/regimes/images/putin-government/sergey-lavrov.jpg) — [Photo](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_(27-10-2025)_(cropped).jpg): Vyacheslav Prokofyev, Presidential Press and Information Office / TASS (kremlin.ru), CC BY 4.0 — Sergei Lavrov — Minister of Foreign Affairs · 2004 to present — Leads the Foreign Ministry, which conducts diplomacy under the President's direction of foreign policy, and sits on the Security Council. - ![Andrei Belousov, official portrait, May 2024](https://propagandaarchive.org/regimes/images/putin-government/andrey-belousov.jpg) — [Photo](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Belousov-HR.jpg): Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (mil.ru), CC BY 4.0 — Andrei Belousov — Minister of Defence · 2024 to present — Leads the Ministry of Defence, which administers the armed forces and issues the official military briefings on the war in Ukraine. ### Security and armed forces - ![Sergei Shoigu, 10 October 2024](https://propagandaarchive.org/regimes/images/putin-government/sergei-shoigu.jpg) — [Photo](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shoigu_2024-10-10.jpg): Presidential Press and Information Office (kremlin.ru), CC BY 4.0 — Sergei Shoigu — Secretary of the Security Council · 2024 to present — Oversees the work of the Security Council, which the President chairs, and of its office. - ![Alexander Bortnikov, 27 February 2025](https://propagandaarchive.org/regimes/images/putin-government/alexander-bortnikov.jpg) — [Photo](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alexander_Bortnikov_(2025-02-27)_(cropped).jpg): Presidential Press and Information Office (kremlin.ru), CC BY 4.0 — Alexander Bortnikov — Director of the Federal Security Service (FSB) · 2008 to present — Heads the FSB, the state's domestic security, counterintelligence and border-guard service. - ![Sergei Naryshkin, June 2024](https://propagandaarchive.org/regimes/images/putin-government/sergey-naryshkin.jpg) — [Photo](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD_2024_(cropped).jpg): Svklimkin (Wikimedia Commons user; own work), CC BY 4.0 — Sergei Naryshkin — Director of the Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) · 2016 to present — Heads the SVR, the civilian foreign intelligence service. - ![Viktor Zolotov, 16 October 2023](https://propagandaarchive.org/regimes/images/putin-government/viktor-zolotov.jpg) — [Photo](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Viktor_Zolotov_(2023-10-16).jpg): Presidential Press and Information Office (kremlin.ru), CC BY 4.0 — Viktor Zolotov — Director of the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops and Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard · 2016 to present — Commands Rosgvardia, the internal security force created by presidential decree No. 157 of 5 April 2016. - ![Aleksandr Gutsan, September 2025](https://propagandaarchive.org/regimes/images/putin-government/aleksandr-gutsan.jpg) — [Photo](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gutsan.jpg): Federation Council press service (council.gov.ru), CC BY 4.0 — Aleksandr Gutsan — Prosecutor General · September 2025 to present — Heads the Prosecutor General's Office, which supervises the enforcement of federal law and brings criminal prosecutions. ### Information and media - ![Andrei Lipov, 10 August 2020](https://propagandaarchive.org/regimes/images/putin-government/andrey-lipov.jpg) — [Photo](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg): Presidential Press and Information Office (kremlin.ru), CC BY 4.0 — Andrei Lipov — Head of the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media (Roskomnadzor) · March 2020 to present — Heads the regulator that supervises media and telecommunications and keeps the state's blocking registers. - ![Dmitry Kiselyov, October 2019](https://propagandaarchive.org/regimes/images/putin-government/dmitry-kiselyov.jpg) — [Photo](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2_(cropped).jpg): State Duma press service (duma.gov.ru), CC BY 4.0 — Dmitry Kiselyov — Director General of the Rossiya Segodnya news agency · December 2013 to present — Heads the state international news agency created by presidential decree No. 894; the President appoints and dismisses its director general. - ![Margarita Simonyan, 17 July 2017](https://propagandaarchive.org/regimes/images/putin-government/margarita-simonyan.jpg) — [Photo](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Margarita_Simonyan_(2017-07-17).jpg): Presidential Press and Information Office (kremlin.ru), CC BY 4.0 — Margarita Simonyan — Editor-in-Chief of RT and of Rossiya Segodnya · RT 2005 to present; Rossiya Segodnya 2013 to present — Edits RT, the state-funded international news network launched in 2005, and the Rossiya Segodnya news agency. — In their words — > “The West never got over the Cold War stereotype. One thing that only few journalists understand is that Russia started dissolving the Soviet Union of its own accord. We were the ones to realize that Communism was a failure.” > > SPIEGEL interview with the editor-in-chief of Russia Today, Der Spiegel (SPIEGEL ONLINE International), 13 August 2013 [source](https://www.spiegel.de/international/world/spiegel-interview-russia-today-editor-in-chief-margarita-simonyan-a-916356.html) ## Background and rise to power Vladimir Putin served in the Soviet KGB from 1975 to 1991 and directed the Federal Security Service (FSB) from July 1998 to August 1999. President Boris Yeltsin named him prime minister on 9 August 1999 and resigned on 31 December 1999, making him acting president. He won the election of 26 March 2000, was inaugurated on 7 May 2000 and was re-elected on 14 March 2004. The constitution barred a third consecutive term, so Dmitry Medvedev was elected president on 2 March 2008 and Putin was prime minister from 8 May 2008 to 7 May 2012. Amendments adopted in December 2008 lengthened the presidential term from four to six years from the 2012 election. Putin won the elections of 4 March 2012, 18 March 2018 and 15 to 17 March 2024. Constitutional amendments approved in a nationwide vote from 25 June to 1 July 2020 (official result 78.56 per cent in favour, turnout 67.88 per cent) allowed him to stand for two further six-year terms. This page gives the roster as of 29 September 2026, from kremlin.ru and government.ru. Changes since 2024: Sergei Shoigu replaced Nikolai Patrushev as Security Council secretary (12 May 2024) and Andrei Belousov replaced Shoigu as defence minister (decree of 14 May 2024); Aleksandr Gutsan replaced Igor Krasnov as Prosecutor General in September 2025. ## How power was organized The 1993 constitution makes the president head of state. The president appoints the prime minister with the State Duma's consent and chairs the Security Council; kremlin.ru says: "The Security Council is formed by the President in accordance with the Constitution and the Federal Law 'On Security'. The President chairs the Council and appoints its members." Its permanent members include the prime minister, the defence, interior and foreign ministers and the heads of the FSB and the Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR). Under the 2020 amendments the president names the Prosecutor General and the heads of the security agencies after consulting the Federation Council. The Presidential Executive Office is, in its own words, "a state body providing support for the President's work and monitoring implementation of the President's decisions." Its head is Anton Vaino; Sergei Kiriyenko is a first deputy head for domestic policy. The Government, led by Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin, runs the ministries. The National Guard (Rosgvardia) was created by presidential decree No. 157 of 5 April 2016 under Viktor Zolotov. ## The propaganda apparatus **Offices.** Dmitry Peskov has been deputy head of the Executive Office and presidential press secretary since 21 May 2012. The Presidential Domestic Policy Directorate (chief Andrei Yarin) presents to the President and the head of the Executive Office "proposals on state-building, federal relations, local self-government, regional and information policy" (kremlin.ru). The investigative outlet Proekt describes the other first deputy head, Alexei Gromov, as the Administration's overseer of state media. **State media.** Presidential decree No. 894 of 9 December 2013 liquidated RIA Novosti and Voice of Russia and created the agency Rossiya Segodnya, whose director general, Dmitry Kiselyov, the president appoints and dismisses. Margarita Simonyan edits both Rossiya Segodnya and RT, which launched in 2005 and is covered in State television across borders. Gazprom took control of NTV in April 2001, and TV-6 went off the air on 22 January 2002 after a court-ordered liquidation; the Kremlin said it was not involved in either case, while NTV's former owner and editor called the takeover Kremlin-directed (CPJ; Christian Science Monitor). Article 29(5) of the constitution states: "The freedom of the mass media shall be guaranteed. Censorship shall be prohibited." **Regulator and laws.** Roskomnadzor, whose regulation was approved by [Government resolution No. 228](http://government.ru/docs/all/67556/) of 16 March 2009 and whose head has been Andrei Lipov since March 2020, supervises media and telecommunications. On 24 February 2022 it told media to "use only information and data from official Russian sources" on the war in Ukraine (Moscow Times translation). Federal law No. 32-FZ of 4 March 2022 created Article 207.3 of the Criminal Code, which punishes "knowingly false information" about the armed forces with up to 15 years in prison. Foreign-agent rules came in 2012 for non-profit organisations (No. 121-FZ), 2017 for media (No. 327-FZ) and, from 1 December 2022, a single regime under No. 255-FZ. Roskomnadzor announced tighter restrictions on Telegram on 10 February 2026, and on 12 February 2026 Russia said it had blocked WhatsApp while directing users to the state-backed messenger Max (CNBC; RFE/RL). **Messaging on the record.** Putin's address of 24 February 2022 said: "I made a decision to carry out a special military operation" and "we will seek to demilitarise and denazify Ukraine" (kremlin.ru). In March 2024 Peskov told *Argumenty i Fakty*: "We are in a state of war. Yes, it started out as a special military operation, but as soon as this group was formed, when the collective West became a participant in this on the side of Ukraine, it became a war for us" (Al Jazeera translation). After the Geneva summit on 16 June 2021 Putin answered a question about jailed critics by turning to the arrests after 6 January 2021 in Washington (Then and now: whataboutism). At its MH17 briefing of 21 July 2014 the Russian Defence Ministry showed a satellite image marking Ukrainian launchers; the Dutch-led investigators concluded the missile came from a Russian army brigade's launcher, and Russia rejects that finding. **Operations abroad.** The Internet Research Agency, a St Petersburg company financed through firms controlled by Yevgeniy Prigozhin, ran fake American personas from 2014 to 2018 (campaign write-up). The 2018 indictment charged its funders and did not allege state direction; the Senate Intelligence Committee (report, Volume 2) concluded that Prigozhin's ties "point to significant Kremlin support, authorization, and direction," while acknowledging "Moscow's denials." In November 2022 a statement from Prigozhin's company said: "Gentlemen, we have interfered, are interfering and will interfere." Reporting in 2026 on leaked files of the Social Design Agency, a sanctioned contractor, links it to Presidential Administration figures; that link rests on leaked chats (SDA projects 2026; Matryoshka in Germany; Matryoshka's midterm clips). Responses by other states, and a dispute over attributing accounts to Russia, are in EUvsDisinfo, Baltic counter-disinformation and Hamilton 68. The doctrine background is in reflexive control. ## Timeline - August 1999: Putin becomes prime minister (9 August). - December 1999 to May 2000: acting president (31 December); elected (26 March); inaugurated (7 May). - April 2001 and January 2002: Gazprom takes control of NTV; TV-6 goes off the air (22 January). - 2005: RT launched. - May 2008 to May 2012: prime minister under President Medvedev. - May 2012: returns as president; Peskov becomes press secretary (21 May). - December 2013: decree No. 894 creates Rossiya Segodnya. - July 2014: Defence Ministry MH17 briefing (21 July). - February 2018: U.S. indictment of the Internet Research Agency (16 February). - July 2020: amended constitution published (decree of 3 July). - February to March 2022: address of 24 February; EU suspends RT and Sputnik (2 March); law No. 32-FZ (4 March). - December 2022: foreign-agent law No. 255-FZ takes effect (1 December). - May 2024: Shoigu becomes Security Council secretary (12 May); Belousov becomes defence minister (14 May). - September 2025: Gutsan becomes Prosecutor General. - February 2026: tighter Telegram restrictions announced (10 February); WhatsApp blocked (12 February). ## Same-standard note This page uses the same structure and definitions as every other regime page, and applies the archive's working definitions on the same terms. The roster is a dated snapshot as of 29 September 2026 and will change. The archive documents comparable measures elsewhere, among them the U.S. Foreign Agents Registration Act and the fake-news laws of Germany, France and Malaysia (Laws against "fake news"), and state-funded influence abroad by Western governments, among them the Congress for Cultural Freedom and Radio Free Europe; this page states differences of scale, intent and context without implying equivalence. ## Sources - kremlin.ru: [Security Council](http://en.kremlin.ru/structure/security-council/members), [Executive Office](http://en.kremlin.ru/structure/administration), [Directorates](http://en.kremlin.ru/structure/administration/departments), [Russian rosters](http://kremlin.ru/structure/administration/members), [address of 24 February 2022](http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/67843), [Constitution, Art. 29](https://en.letters.kremlin.ru/info-service/acts/2); government.ru [officials](http://government.ru/en/gov/persons/), all read 29 September 2026. - Officeholders: [Kyiv Independent on Belousov](https://kyivindependent.com/putin-signs-decree-officially-appointing-belousov-as-new-russian-defense-minister/); [Moscow Times on Gutsan](https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2025/09/24/putin-appoints-new-prosecutor-general-as-krasnov-confirmed-as-supreme-court-chief-a90611); [State Media Monitor, Rossiya Segodnya](https://statemediamonitor.com/2026/09/rossiya-segodnya/) and [RT](https://statemediamonitor.com/2026/09/rt/); [Meduza on Kiriyenko](https://meduza.io/en/feature/2019/10/11/russia-s-technocrat-in-chief); [Proekt on Gromov](https://www.proekt.media/en/portrait-en/alexey-gromov-eng/). - Media and law: [CPJ on NTV](https://cpj.org/2001/03/gazprom-completes-ntv-takeover/); [CNN on TV-6](https://www.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/europe/01/11/russia.tv6/index.html); [Christian Science Monitor, 23 January 2002](https://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0123/p06s01-woeu.html); [Moscow Times, 24 February 2022](https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/02/24/use-only-official-sources-about-ukraine-war-russian-media-watchdog-tells-journalists-a76567); [CPJ guide to Russian fake news laws](https://cpj.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Guide-to-Understanding-the-Laws-Relating-to-Fake-News-in-Russia.pdf); [ICNL on No. 255-FZ](https://www.icnl.org/resources/library/on-control-over-activities-of-persons-under-foreign-influence); [RFE/RL on decree 894](https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-new-news-agency/25194336.html); [CNBC, 12 February 2026](https://www.cnbc.com/2026/02/12/russia-whatsapp-meta-max.html); [RFE/RL on Max](https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-internet-technology-regulation-censorship-circumvention-vpn-app/33676178.html). - Statements: [Al Jazeera, 22 March 2024](https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/22/russia-is-in-a-state-of-war-in-ukraine-kremlin-says-for-the-first-time); [RFE/RL on the same interview](https://www.rferl.org/a/russsia-ukraine-kremlin-war/32872842.html). - Elections and amendments: [2020 referendum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Russian_constitutional_referendum); [ABC News, 2 July 2020](https://abcnews.com/International/putin-granted-extend-rule-till-2036-overwhelming-referendum/story?id=71559748). - Portraits: Wikimedia Commons file pages in each entry's frontmatter. ## In the archive ### Collection objects (9) - [Russian Defence Ministry satellite image, MH17 briefing](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/mh17-buk-briefing-image-2014/) (Jul 21, 2014 · Firehosing) - ['Russian Ads on Facebook' (House Intelligence Committee exhibit)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/ira-facebook-ads-hpsci-2018/) (2016 · Astroturfing) - ['Miners for Trump' rally poster (Internet Research Agency)](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/miners-for-trump-ira-2016/) (Oct 2016 · Astroturfing) - ['Let's preserve our native culture and language' Pushkin 'Constitution 2020' billboard](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/pushkin-constitution-2020-billboard-2020/) (Mar 21, 2020 · Transfer, Glittering generalities) - ['Builders! The count is in minutes!' Sobyanin poster](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/sobyanin-builders-poster-2020/) (Mar 21, 2020 · Transfer) - ['Heroes of Z: Our cause is just' Russian Ministry of Defence poster](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/geroi-z-nashe-delo-pravoe-mod-poster-2022/) (2022 · Transfer, Glittering generalities) - [Address announcing a 'special military operation'](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/special-military-operation-address-2022/) (Feb 24, 2022 · Euphemism / doublespeak, Semantic hijacking) - ['Z #заПутина' LED billboard](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/z-za-putina-billboard-2022/) (Sep 24, 2022 · Identity fusion). Content note: Pro-war 'Z' symbol supporting the Russian invasion of Ukraine; displaying it is restricted by law in some countries. - ['Gennady Rakitin,' an invented pro-war poet](https://propagandaarchive.org/collection/rakitin-ai-persona-2023/) (2023 · Synthetic media, Astroturfing) ### Case studies - [State television across borders: from Der schwarze Kanal and ZDF-Magazin to RT, CGTN, Alhurra and Al Jazeera](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/state-television-across-borders/) - [EUvsDisinfo and the EEAS East StratCom Task Force](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/euvsdisinfo-east-stratcom/) - [Baltic counter-disinformation: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/baltic-counter-disinformation/) - [Matryoshka's midterm clips: borrowed faces and a borrowed logo](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/matryoshka-midterm-clips/) - [Hamilton 68: the Russian-influence dashboard and its secret account list](https://propagandaarchive.org/case-studies/hamilton-68-dashboard/) ### Then and now - [Then and now: "and what about you?" (Soviet Union, Cold War; US, China and Russia, 2017–21)](https://propagandaarchive.org/then-and-now/whataboutism/) - [Then and now: accusing the target of the attack you are about to launch (Mainila 1939, Ukraine 2022)](https://propagandaarchive.org/then-and-now/staged-pretexts/) ### Campaign dossiers - [Internet Research Agency (Russian operation aimed at US audiences, 2014 to 2018)](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/internet-research-agency-2014-2018/) - [Operation Matryoshka / Overload — German state elections 2026](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/matryoshka-germany-2026/) - [Russia Social Design Agency — Projects 2026](https://propagandaarchive.org/campaigns/sda-projects-2026/)