Islamic Republic of Iran, current government

Background and rise to power

The monarchy of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi collapsed in February 1979. The preamble of the constitution records that "a 98.2% majority of the people voted for this system" in the referendum on the Islamic Republic, and the constitution, drafted in 1979 and revised in 1989, places the rule of a supreme jurist (the Leader) above the elected offices. Ruhollah Khomeini led the state until his death in June 1989, and the Assembly of Experts elected Ali Khamenei on 4 June 1989; he held the post until 28 February 2026. The archive's earlier Iran material includes a CIA-prepared propaganda text of 1953 aimed at Iranians, and a 1981 Iranian army leaflet aimed at Iraqi soldiers, shown below.

Protests that began on 28 December 2025 over the currency and prices spread nationwide and met a lethal crackdown, with an internet blackout from 8 January 2026. On 13 January President Trump posted on Truth Social: "Iranian Patriots, KEEP PROTESTING - TAKE OVER YOUR INSTITUTIONS!!! Save the names of the killers and abusers. They will pay a big price. I have cancelled all meetings with Iranian Officials until the senseless killing of protesters STOPS. HELP IS ON ITS WAY." Iran's Martyrs Foundation gave a total of 3,117 dead on 21 January, of whom it said 2,427 were civilians and security forces; Ali Khamenei said on 17 January that "several thousand" had died; the US-based activist agency HRANA reported at least 7,002 killed by February and said more were feared dead. The counts differ widely and could not be checked independently during the blackout. Iranian officials and state media (Press TV, 17 January) describe the unrest as instigated by the United States and Israel; protesters' own grievances, and the lethal force used by security forces, are the other side of the record. The 17 January poster and speech in which Ali Khamenei called the US president "a criminal" are in the collection.

On 28 February 2026 the United States and Israel opened a joint air campaign (US name Operation Epic Fury, Israeli name Operation Roaring Lion) that killed Ali Khamenei and other officials. Iranian state media confirmed his death in the early hours of 1 March; RFE/RL reported that the first announcement on state television did not mention the US and Israeli strikes. Under Article 111 of the constitution, a council of the president, the judiciary head and a jurist of the Guardian Council took over his duties until a successor was named; RFE/RL's first report named Mohammad Mokhber as the third member, and later reports name Alireza Arafi. The Assembly of Experts announced the election of Mojtaba Khamenei on 8 March as a "unanimous vote"; Iran International reported that the Revolutionary Guards pressured the Assembly and that some members objected, which the Assembly has not confirmed. President Trump said on 5 March that such an election would be "unacceptable". Ali Larijani, secretary of the Supreme National Security Council, was killed on 17 March. A ceasefire began on 8 April, talks in Islamabad on 11 and 12 April ended without agreement, a memorandum was signed on 17 June, and the ceasefire collapsed on 8 July. By late September 2026 the two sides were still exchanging attacks and proposals through mediators. Iranian officials call it an imposed war and a "third sacred defense"; US and Israeli officials gave the aims as stopping Iran's nuclear and missile programmes, and Trump also called on Iranians to "take over your government" on 28 February.

This page gives the roster as of 2 October 2026. Changes since the 2024 election of Masoud Pezeshkian include: the Leader (8 March 2026); Ahmad Vahidi as Revolutionary Guards commander (1 March, confirmed by decree on 10 August 2026); Mohsen Rezaee as secretary of the Supreme National Security Council (9 August 2026, after Larijani and then Mohammad Bagher Zolghadr); Ali Abdollahi as chief of the armed forces general staff (10 August 2026); and the reappointment of the judiciary head (4 July 2026).

How power was organized

The constitution makes the Leader the head of state. Article 110 gives him the supreme command of the armed forces and the power to appoint and dismiss, among others, "the supreme judicial authority of the country", "the head of the radio and television network of the Islamic Republic of Iran", "the chief of the joint staff" and "the chief commander of the Islamic Revolution Guards Corps". The Assembly of Experts elects him under Article 107 and can dismiss him under Article 111. The President, elected by popular vote, heads the executive and presides over the Supreme National Security Council (Article 176), whose members include the heads of the three branches, the armed forces and the Guards; decisions of the Council take effect only when the Leader confirms them (Article 176). Pezeshkian won the run-off of 5 July 2024 with 53.7 per cent against Saeed Jalili's 44.3 (PBS), was confirmed by Ali Khamenei on 28 July (The National) and was sworn in on 30 July 2024 (France 24). The parliament re-elected Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf as speaker on 25 May 2026 by 235 votes of 271 cast, at its first in-person session since the war began (The National; Borna).

How that works in practice since 28 February 2026 is contested. Mojtaba Khamenei has made no confirmed public appearance since his election: four written messages were read on state television in March, an AI-generated video was reported on 6 April, and he missed his father's funeral ceremonies in July. Reports of his injuries conflict. Iranian officials say the injuries were minor; the Washington Post and the Times of London reported he was badly wounded. On 26 September 2026 Pezeshkian told CBS News that he had met him twice and that the longer meeting lasted over seven hours; he said "he's completely healthy". No independent confirmation was available. Iran International reported on 31 May 2026 that Pezeshkian had submitted a resignation letter citing exclusion from major decisions; Tasnim and a deputy head of the president's office denied it the same day, and he addressed the UN General Assembly on 23 September 2026. On 9 and 10 August 2026 the Leader's office published decrees naming the Revolutionary Guards commander, the armed forces chief of staff, the Guards' navy commander, a Basij head (Hossein Taeb) and the security council secretary; analysts quoted by Al Jazeera read this as consolidation by the Guards, and no Iranian official has described it that way. The United States has offered up to $10 million for information on Mojtaba Khamenei through its Rewards for Justice programme (13 March 2026).

The propaganda apparatus

Leader's office. The office of the Supreme Leader runs khamenei.ir in Persian, English and other languages, publishing speeches, posters, photographs and animations. Wikimedia Commons records its photographs and posters under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence, which is why several are reproduced here. Social-media accounts under the Leader's name have been repeatedly removed: Meta removed his Facebook and Instagram accounts on 8 February 2024 for "repeatedly violating our Dangerous Organizations & Individuals policy"; X suspended a new Hebrew-language account in October 2024. After the succession a portrait of Mojtaba Khamenei, published through khamenei.ir on 1 April 2026, is described on its Commons file page as "generated or substantially edited with AI, as identified by Google's SynthID"; BBC Verify's Shayan Sardarizadeh said separately that "analysis using AI-detection software indicated the profile photo was generated using Google AI" for the X account profile picture of Mojtaba Khamenei (as quoted by Ynet). FRAME has found no Iranian statement on how it was made and does not host it.

State broadcaster. Article 175 states that "freedom of expression and dissemination of thoughts in the Radio and Television of the Islamic Republic of Iran must be guaranteed in keeping with the Islamic criteria and the best interests of the country", that appointment and dismissal of its head "rests with the Leader", and that a council of two representatives each of the President, the judiciary head and the parliament supervises it. Peyman Jebelli has led the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) since 29 September 2021, appointed by Ali Khamenei; no reappointment or replacement had been reported by 2 October 2026. IRIB is wholly state-owned, and State Media Monitor estimates its 2025/26 budget at about 350 trillion rials. It runs the domestic channels and the international channels Press TV (English), Al-Alam (Arabic) and Sahar. Press TV, launched in 2007, is led by Ahmad Noroozi, who also heads the IRIB World Service. Ofcom revoked Press TV's UK licence in January 2012; the US Justice Department seized its domain on 22 June 2021; and the US Treasury designated IRIB's Jebelli and other staff in November 2022 and Press TV in September 2023 over the broadcasting of coerced confessions. In a speech on 9 December 2025 Jebelli said IRIB had broadcast, on 14 June 2025, a military source's claim that two Israeli F-35 fighters had been shot down, and that the claim was not reliable (quoted in the quotes section). Israel struck IRIB buildings on 16 June 2025 (live on air; Israeli defence minister Israel Katz said "The Iranian propaganda and incitement mouthpiece is on its way to disappear") and on 2 to 3 March 2026 (the Israeli military said the building served the Guards for military activities and propaganda); IRIB's head said at the time there were no reports of casualties and broadcasts were not disrupted, and on 25 August 2026 said more than 50 IRIB sites had been hit in the war and that the Glass Building lost two or three floors.

Culture ministry, news agencies and the Guards' media. The Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, led since August 2024 by Abbas Salehi (approved by parliament on 21 August 2024 with 272 votes in favour, per IRNA as carried by GlobalSecurity), licenses publications under Article 8 of the Press Law (see the Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University); the Center for Human Rights in Iran describes its review of book licence applications, film screenplays and music lyrics. The Islamic Republic News Agency (IRNA) is the government's agency, under the ministry. Tasnim (founded 2012) and Fars (2003) are the two main news agencies tied to the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. The US Treasury designated both on 15 September 2023 as "owned or controlled by, or having acted or purported to act for or on behalf of" the Guards; Tehran Bureau, citing Iranian company registry records, calls Tasnim "the largest IRGC-owned media outlet" and says a vast majority of the board members of both agencies have been Guards commanders or Leader's-office employees. Majid Gholizadeh is named as Tasnim's chief executive and Payam Tirandaz as Fars's (Treasury; State Media Monitor), and neither agency's own statement of ownership was found, so current leadership is as last published. On 29 to 30 July 2026 X suspended Tasnim's Persian, Arabic, English and breaking-news accounts, saying it had violated "X rules" without giving details. The Guards also issue statements through their spokesman, Hossein Mohebbi.

Laws and pressure on speech. Article 24 says publications and the press have freedom of expression "except when it is detrimental to the fundamental principles of Islam or the rights of the public". On 7 April 2026 the judiciary head said verdicts for "enemy agents" should be expedited, and on 16 April, per Tasnim, that the law on intensified punishment for espionage and cooperation with Israel must be applied without leniency (reporting varies in wording between Mizan, Reuters and Tasnim, so these two are given as summaries). In his Journalists' Day message of 8 August 2026 he called journalists soldiers on "the cognitive warfare front" (quoted below). The January 2026 blackout and the shutdown of messaging services are in the record of the January protests above.

Record of output about the United States and Donald Trump (dated, attributed).

• 11 September 2018, khamenei.ir: an English-language poster quoting Ali Khamenei that says "countless indications" show "Zionists' involvement" in the 11 September 2001 attacks and that Muslims were then blamed to demonise Islam (collection object). The 9/11 Commission attributed the attacks to al-Qaeda and found no Israeli involvement.
• 21 January 2021, khamenei.ir and its Twitter account (@khamenei_site): a golf-course image of a Trump-like figure with the shadow of an attack drone and the caption "Revenge is definite", marking the January 2020 US killing of Qasem Soleimani. Twitter suspended the account, saying it violated its rules on abusive behaviour and on platform manipulation and spam (Global News, 22 January 2021).
• 13 January 2022, khamenei.ir: an animated film "Revenge Is Definite" showing a Trump-like figure on a golf course attacked at Mar-a-Lago; AP, as carried by the Times of Israel, described a drone strike and also depicted Mike Pompeo, while Iran International described an all-terrain vehicle with a mounted gun. The animation was part of a contest marking the Soleimani anniversary.
• 17 January 2026, khamenei.ir: the poster "International Criminal" with a quotation from Ali Khamenei's speech of the same day: "We consider the President of America a criminal" (translation in the collection object).
• 10 March 2026 onward: Iranian state television broadcast an AI-generated Lego-style video, "Narrative of Victory", mocking Trump and Benjamin Netanyahu (Foreign Policy; NPR), and a series from a Tehran outlet called Explosive Media followed in English. Canada's Rapid Response Mechanism assessed in 2026 that the outlet is state-linked, tying it through personnel to Saeed Jalili's office, and that the videos drew at least 83 million views in March 2026, "likely the most widely viewed foreign information operation since the start of 2026". Explosive Media describes itself as an anonymous student-led team and told reporters the government is a customer for commissioned projects; it disputed Google's reason for terminating its YouTube channel. The Canadian report also found only 4.38 per cent of views came from accounts with Iranian or Russian IP locations. A video of the series suggested the war was launched to distract from the Epstein files; the claim is the video's own and unsupported by the sources checked. The Institute for Strategic Dialogue found Iranian diplomatic accounts drew nearly one billion views in 50 days, 14 times the pre-war period, and two coordinated pro-Iran networks on X ("BRICS4CLICKS" and "Verified4War") drew over one billion views in the war's first month.
• 1 April 2026, Pezeshkian: an open letter to the American people posted on X, asking them to "look beyond the machinery of misinformation" (quoted below).
• 15 July 2026, Tehran: a large mural in Enghelab Square showing Trump in a coffin with a caption reported as "We will kill Trump" (Iran International gives "We kill Trump") (Iran International; New York Times via other reports).
• 27 July 2026, Tasnim: a Telegram video titled "Where to Kill Melania", presenting itself as drawing on "several anonymous security networks" and ending with a threat to Barron Trump; it was removed from several platforms. FRAME describes it and does not reproduce its content. X suspended Tasnim's accounts on 29 or 30 July, without giving a reason for the timing (see above).
• 24 August 2026, IRIB Channel 3: a video titled "Where and how should we kill Barron Trump?", alleging surveillance of his movements and a $10 million bounty; Time and Euronews could not verify its claims, and the US Secret Service said it "investigates anything that can be perceived as a threat toward our protectees". Iranian officials had not commented in either report.
• 29 September 2026, IRGC: a 25-page open letter "to the honorable people of the United States of America", presented at a Tehran press conference by Mohebbi, five weeks before the US midterm elections, saying the Trump administration "must be changed" and that "'Death to America' is a prayer for the eradication of the diabolical ruling elite whose seat of power is the White House" (Time; Al Jazeera). It also said Americans "need to wake up" and "wrest control back from corrupt politicians".
• Press TV: its editorial "Trump: Loser of the Iran war" (15 April 2026) says "the person who wanted to make America great again, has belittled it again as never before"; its own report of 18 April 2026 describes Iranian media, "specifically Press TV", as having played "an unparalleled role" in the "battle of narratives" over the Islamabad talks. These are Press TV's claims about itself. Press TV also states that classified State Department documents published by Politico show the United States privately admitting that Iran was winning the media contest in Muslim-majority countries; FRAME has not seen Politico's text or the documents, so this is Press TV's description only.

Company and platform disclosures (each attributed to the discloser).

• Meta, December 2025 (Q2/Q3 2025 report): attributed "Endless Mayfly", a multi-year network of Iranian influence operations beginning with the 2018 Liberty Front Press takedown, to Iran's International Union of Virtual Media, "a sanctioned propaganda group with close links to the Iranian government". Meta, August 2026 (H2 2026 report): three further Iran-origin networks, in each case "links to actors in Iran": 23 Facebook accounts, 13 pages, one group and 11 Instagram accounts targeting Nigeria, South Africa, Kenya, Ethiopia and Sudan; 15 Facebook accounts, 7 pages and 96 Instagram accounts targeting Azerbaijan; and 4 Facebook and 31 Instagram accounts that posed as American activists, students and designers, used only US and Canadian proxy addresses and posted on US politics, including anti-Republican views, with about 79,400 followers (campaign write-up). Meta counts 41 Iran-origin networks since reporting began, behind Russia's 53 and ahead of China's 14.
• Google, Influence Operations Bulletins for Q1 and Q2 2026: January to March 2026, entries on 154 YouTube channels and 15 blocked domains tied to Iran in Azerbaijani, Arabic, English, Farsi, French and other languages, described as "supportive of the Iranian government and critical of Israel and the United States" (sum of the bulletin entries counted by FRAME); April to June, fewer entries (11 YouTube channels, 2 blocked domains in the Iran items as listed). YouTube separately terminated the Explosive Media channel on or about 27 March 2026 for violating its "spam, deceptive practices and scams policies".
• Microsoft Threat Analysis Center, 9 August 2024: an Iranian network, Storm-2035, of four websites posing as news outlets for opposite ends of the US political spectrum, part of a campaign operating since at least 2020; and a Guards-linked group ("Mint Sandstorm") trying to log in to a former presidential candidate's account. OpenAI, August 2024 and June 2025: banned ChatGPT accounts it tied to Storm-2035 and later to its recidivist activity, and saw no sign the content reached a meaningful audience.
• US government, 19 August 2024: the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, FBI and CISA attributed the hack of former President Trump's campaign to Iran; Iran's mission to the UN replied that Iran "harbors neither the intention nor the motive to interfere with the U.S. presidential election". On 27 September 2024 the Justice Department charged three men it said worked for the Guards with a hack-and-leak operation. In 2020, emails threatening US voters ("You will vote for Trump on Election Day or we will come after you") were attributed by the Justice Department to Iranian actors (indictment, collection object).
• X, July 2026: suspended Tasnim's accounts (above); X gave no details beyond saying "X rules" had been violated, as reported by Dawn.

Messaging aimed at Iran from the United States and Israel, on the same standard.

• United States, broadcasting: Radio Farda (Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty's Persian service) and Voice of America's Persian service are funded through the US Agency for Global Media. In March 2025 VOA Persian staff were put on leave and more than half of Radio Farda's staff was furloughed; on 13 June 2025 about 50 VOA Persian staff were recalled to cover the Israel-Iran war, and the agency's head, Kari Lake, said "we are ramping up" (AP). A federal court ruling in March 2026 restored over 1,000 VOA employees (Jewish Insider), and an RFE/RL source said Farda posted 738 Instagram posts with 105.5 million impressions between 28 February and 17 March 2026. Families in Iran of five Farda staff were pressured to stop broadcasts, the service's editor told AP. Earlier US broadcasting history is in Radio Free Europe, Cuba-US radio war and Cold War radio jamming.
• United States, official posts: the CIA posted a Farsi video on 24 February 2026 telling Iranians how to contact it securely; the Iranian embassy in a statement called it "blatant interference" (CNBC; Nour News). Trump's posts of 13 January 2026, and the 28 February 2026 video address ("When we are finished, take over your government. It will be yours to take"), addressed Iranians directly; he addressed the Guards and police: "you must lay down your weapons and have complete immunity. Or in the alternative, face certain death" (full statement as published by PBS). Iran International reported that he repeated the 28 February lines in a video on X in the week of 7 to 11 September 2026. The White House and Pentagon also posted war-footage "hype" videos spliced with video-game and film clips on X, TikTok and Instagram in March 2026 (Washington Post, 6 March; ABC News), which Foreign Policy compares to the Iranian state's own meme output. A covert, partly Pentagon-funded newsroom network aimed at Farsi- and Arabic-speaking audiences, including a Farsi site called Pishtaz News, is described in CENTCOM gc network; its US-government link rests on The Intercept and Lawfare reporting.
• Israel: Prime Minister Netanyahu addressed Iranians in Persian by video, including an AI-generated one in March 2026 urging them to "come to the streets in your millions to finish the job, to overthrow the regime of terror" (Times of Israel). The Mossad's Persian-language X account, in late December 2025, told protesters "Go out together into the streets. The time has come" and said its agents were with them "in the field" (reported by Al Arabiya, the Jerusalem Post and quoted by Press TV). Citizen Lab (report no. 189, 2 October 2025) found a network of more than 50 inauthentic X profiles, active mainly from January 2025 and synchronised with Israel's June 2025 strikes, which it assessed as most likely run by an Israeli government agency or a subcontractor under close supervision, including an AI-generated video of the 23 June 2025 strike on Evin Prison posted at 11:52, Tehran time, within the hour of the strike; Israel has not been reported as confirming this. State television feeds were also interrupted: on 18 January 2026 a hack of IRIB's satellite signal broadcast protest footage and a message from Reza Pahlavi, claimed by the Anonymous-linked account @YourAnonTV, and on 1 March 2026 a feed showed speeches by Trump and Netanyahu; no state claimed these, and the claimants' identity is unverified.

Contested or unverifiable. Mojtaba Khamenei's health and presence; the authorship of messages read in his name (The Media Line quoted "a knowledgeable source in Tehran" saying the 2 March message was dictated by the Guards, which no other source established); the January 2026 death toll; whether Explosive Media is independent of the state; the factual content of the Tasnim and IRIB videos about the Trump family (the sources could not verify them); whether the IDF's description of the IRIB strike of March 2026 is accurate; who ran the hacks of Iranian state television; and the Israeli authorship of the network Citizen Lab describes.

Timeline

• 1979: monarchy collapses (February); referendum on the Islamic Republic returns 98.2 per cent in favour, per the constitution's preamble.
• June 1989: Ali Khamenei elected Leader (4 June).
• 2018: Meta announces its first takedown of an Iranian network, Liberty Front Press; khamenei.ir poster on 11 September.
• January 2020: US killing of Qasem Soleimani (3 January); khamenei.ir and its Twitter account publish drone and golf-course images in January 2021 and an animation in January 2022.
• September 2023: US Treasury designates Fars, Tasnim and Press TV (15 September).
• July 2024: Pezeshkian elected (5 July run-off) and sworn in (30 July).
• August 2024: Microsoft report on Iranian influence operations (9 August); US intelligence attributes the Trump-campaign hack to Iran (19 August).
• June 2025: Twelve-Day War; IRIB studio hit live (16 June); Evin Prison strike and the AI video (23 June).
• December 2025 to January 2026: protests begin (28 December); internet blackout (8 January); Trump's post (13 January); Khamenei's speech and poster (17 January); state toll of 3,117 (21 January).
• 28 February 2026: US-Israeli strikes begin and Ali Khamenei is killed; state media confirms on 1 March.
• March 2026: Assembly of Experts elects Mojtaba Khamenei (8 March); "Narrative of Victory" broadcast (10 March); Larijani killed (17 March); YouTube terminates Explosive Media (27 March).
• April 2026: ceasefire (8 April); Islamabad talks (11 to 12 April); Pezeshkian's letter to Americans (1 April).
• June to July 2026: memorandum signed (17 June); ceasefire collapses (8 July); Ejei reappointed (4 July); Tehran coffin mural (15 July); Tasnim video (27 July); X suspends Tasnim (29 to 30 July).
• August 2026: Rezaee named security council secretary (9 August); Vahidi, Abdollahi and others confirmed by decree (10 August); IRIB video on Barron Trump (24 August); Meta's H2 2026 report.
• September 2026: Pezeshkian at the UN General Assembly (23 September) and on CBS (26 September); IRGC letter to Americans (29 September).

Same-standard note

This page uses the same structure and the archive's working definitions as every other regime page, and treats Iranian, American and Israeli output on the same terms: each item is dated, attributed to its publisher or to the body that disclosed it, and marked where the claim is contested. State media outputs (Press TV, Tasnim, IRIB, khamenei.ir) are quoted in the English translations they or other outlets published, and translations are named. The Iranian outputs here include threats against named private individuals and a state-linked influence effort aimed at an American election, and the US and Israeli outputs include official calls on Iranians to overthrow their government, covert networks attributed to an Israeli agency or a US Pentagon-linked contractor, and strikes on a broadcaster; the scale, intent and context differ by case, and no equivalence is implied. The roster is a dated snapshot and will change.

Sources

• Constitution and offices: Constitution of Iran (1979, rev. 1989), Constitute Project, Articles 24, 107, 110, 111, 175, 176 and the preamble; Iran Data Portal, Press Law; IRNA, 21 August 2024, via GlobalSecurity; Center for Human Rights in Iran, Ministry of Culture; Ynet; PBS; The National, 28 July 2024; France 24, 30 July 2024; The National, 25 May 2026, all read 2 October 2026.
• Succession and appointments: RFE/RL on Khamenei's death; Al Jazeera, 10 August 2026; The National, 10 August 2026; Press TV on Ejei's reappointment; Ghalibaf re-election, The National; CBS News, Pezeshkian interview, 26 September 2026; Iran International on the reported resignation; Rewards for Justice offer, Iran International; Mojtaba Khamenei's first statement, CBS News.
• Protests: Al Jazeera, 21 January 2026; AP via Gulf News on HRANA; PBS/AP, Trump's post of 13 January; Press TV on Khamenei's speech.
• State media and ownership: State Media Monitor, IRIB and Fars; US Treasury, 15 September 2023; Tehran Bureau, 18 July 2023; Press TV, CEO page; Press TV on Jebelli, 2023; Iran International on the F-35 remarks; Anadolu (anews) on IRIB damage, 25 August 2026; Dawn on X suspending Tasnim; Tasnim on the judiciary chief, 16 April 2026 (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0).
• Output about the United States: Global News, 22 January 2021; Times of Israel, 13 January 2022; Iran International, 13 January 2022; Rapid Response Mechanism Canada on Explosive Media; Foreign Policy, 18 May 2026; NPR, 26 March 2026; Institute for Strategic Dialogue; Time, 26 August 2026; Euronews, 24 August 2026; Jerusalem Post on the Tasnim video; Iran International on the Tehran mural; Time, 30 September 2026; Al Jazeera, 29 September 2026; Press TV, 15 April 2026; Press TV, 18 April 2026; Time, 1 April 2026.
• Platform and company disclosures: Meta Q2/Q3 2025 report; Meta H2 2026 report; Google bulletin Q1 2026; Google bulletin Q2 2026; France 24 on the YouTube termination; Microsoft MTAC, 9 August 2024; OpenAI, STORM-2035; ODNI, FBI and CISA, 19 August 2024; TechCrunch on Iran's reply; CNN on the 27 September 2024 indictment; CNN on Meta's removal of Khamenei's accounts.
• Messaging aimed at Iran: AP on VOA Persian and Radio Farda; Jewish Insider, March 2026; PBS, Trump's statement of 28 February 2026; Iran International, 11 September 2026; CNBC on the CIA Farsi video; Washington Post, 6 March 2026; ABC News; Times of Israel on Netanyahu's Persian video; Citizen Lab, PRISONBREAK; Times of Israel, 16 June 2025; Times of Israel, 3 March 2026; Iran International on the 1 March 2026 hack.
• Quotations: see the links beside each quotation on the people cards (Press TV, UN News, CBS News, RFE/RL, Iran International).
• Portraits and images: Wikimedia Commons file pages, linked from each portrait and figure credit.

In the archive

Collection objects (8)

Case studies

• The Crusade for Freedom: Truth Dollars for a CIA-funded radio, 1950-1971
• The Cuba-United States radio war: Radio Swan's cover story and Havana's 'gusanos'
• Cold War radio jamming (1948 to 1988)

Campaign dossiers

• Iran-origin Meta CIB — fake US activist personas (H2 2026)
• CENTCOM / Pentagon “gc_” newsroom network